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This study examines factors influencing profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania. This study uses the CRDB Bank Plc. as a case study to investigate the bank specific factors and macroeconomic factors on bank profitability. The study uses correlational research design to examine the bank-specific factors and macroeconomic factors on profitability. Time series data for the period spanning from 2008 to 2019 were used. The results indicate that bank-specific factors such as bank deposit, non-performing loans and bank expense are statistically significant on bank profitability. On the other hand, macroeconomic factors were found to be insignificant on bank profitability. The implication for this study is that commercial banks policies should be geared towards bank-specific factors in enhancing profitability rather than concentrating on macroeconomic factors which does contribute to bank’s profitability. The bank deposits mobilized should be used effectively in realizing profitability. In addition, bank expenses should be cost effective in order to enhance bank profitability. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes to the existing literature on the factors that contributes to profitability in the commercial bank sector using correlational research design within a time series data spanning a period from 2008 to 2019. The paper contributes that -specific factors such as bank deposit, non-performing loans and bank expense are statistically significant to bank profitability and bank deposits be mobilized effectively to realize profitability. Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Evaluation of Socio-Economic Impacts of Deforestation in Edo State, Nigeria
Deforestation creates imbalances in weather patterns, making the weather drier and hotter, consequently leading to increased drought and desertification, coastal flooding, crop failures, and dislodging major vegetation regimes. The study evaluates the socio-economic impacts of deforestation in Edo State. The study utilized ArcGis digitizing tool to determine the tree population and downscale the spatial datasets using defined boundary conditions. Signal 2.0 was used to establish the relationship of linearity between the forest and economic loss over the region using R-square. Results revealed that as the rate of deforestation in Edo state rose from 4100ha in the year 1990 to 14100ha in 2016, there was also a gradual increase in economic loss from 0.7 to 10.9 billion nairas in 2016. It was also observed that the relationship of linearity between deforestation and economic loss in Edo State shows a strong relationship at an R-square of 0.97. Therefore, there is an urgent need to take action towards ameliorating new Climate Change CC problems by exploring and protecting the local values of forests in order to improve livelihood sustainability. Lowering CO2 emissions is a central global focus through the International Climate Change Policy. About a 5th of emissions globally are caused primarily by deforestation. Reducing CO2 emissions is highly dependent on the reduction of forest loss which can also contribute significantly to the low-cost mitigation portfolio. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on the global impacts of deforestation with particular focus on the socio economic impacts of deforestation in Edo State, Nigeria. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Forests » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Effect of Photoperiod on Estrus Cycle and Reproductive Organs in Female African Giant Rat (Cricetomys Gambianus: Waterhouse)
African giant rat is a prolific animal in its wild condition. Therefore, in captivity, the decrease in productive performances may be due to photoperiod under which they are submitted. This research was carried out to evaluate whether photoperiod affects estrus cycle and reproductive organs in female African giant rat (AGR). Twenty-eight matured female AGR were randomly assigned to four lighting conditions (Light / Dark): 0 L/ 24 D, 12 L/ 12 D, 18 L/ 06 D and 24 L/ 0 D. Animals were individually housed and had free access to food and water. Daily, vaginal smears were taken and observed under a microscope to determine estrus cycle length. After four weeks, twelve animals were sacrificed and sexual organs were collected and weighted. Results showed that in AGR, the length of estrus cycle ranged between 5.5 and 6.4 days. However, this estrus cycle duration showed an upward (p>0.05) trend with a decreasing photoperiod. The weight of ovary and uterus was significantly (p<0.05) low in animals continuous enlightened compared to other treatment groups. Uterus length have dropped by 13.94%, 17.81 % and 9.50 % in animals exposed to 12 h, 18 h and 24 h of light per day respectively compared to those bred in dark condition. Regarding above results, AGR has a regular estrus cycle and the variation of photoperiod does not have effect on the duration of estrus cycle but it is detrimental for reproductive organs. Contribution/ Originality
This research was carried out to evaluate whether photoperiod affects estrus cycle and reproductive organs in female African giant rat (AGR). Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 2
The Association between Long Term Alcohol Consumption and Dementia
Research Article
Author(s):
Baozhen Dai, Joseph Marfoh
Journal: International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research
The study assessed the association between long-term alcohol consumption and risk of dementia in a panel study of 177 countries from 2000 to 2009. The study used econometric techniques to analyze the association between long-term alcohol consumption and risk of dementia. However, it employed the ordinary least square regression method and the fully modified ordinary least square regression method for robust inference. The study found that alcohol consumption is heterogeneously associated with dementia regarding the associated risk factors such as alcoholic disorder, anxiety disorder, depression disorder, bipolar disorder, and Schizophrenia. Moreover, some contributing factors such as age, eating disorder, smoking, and educational level play a significant role in attributing to dementia with the risk factor. However, it is recommended that alcohol consumption be reasonably taken to avoid its consequences. More specifically, ethanol is neurotoxic, crosses the blood-brain barrier to enter neurons directly, and can cause pathological processes leading to brain damage in high concentrations and its metabolite acetaldehyde. Contribution/ Originality
This study uses an econometric methodology to assess the association between long-term alcohol consumption and risk of dementia in a panel study. The study found that alcohol consumption is heterogeneously associated with dementia regarding the associated risk factors such as alcoholic disorder, anxiety disorder, depression disorder, bipolar disorder, and Schizophrenia. Medical Sciences » International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Cultivation and Nutritional Quality of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Produced Under Different Substrates in Semi-Arid Region in Northeast Brazil
Research Article
Author(s):
Ana Luiza de Melo Lucena, Manoel Bandeira de Albuquerque, Magnolia Martins Alves, Raul Santos Rocha de Araujo, Cassio Ricardo Goncalves da Costa
Journal: Current Research in Agricultural Sciences
The Moringa oleifera Lam. it is a perennial, arboreal species, rapidly growing, resistant to drought and with leaves, flowers and edible fruits. With this research the objective to evaluate the effect of different substrates in the emergence and development of seedlings of Moringa. The experiment was carried out at the Plant Ecology Laboratory of the Department of Phytotechnics and Environmental Sciences, at the Center for Agricultural Sciences, at the Federal University of Paraíba. The experimental desing was completely randomized, with eight treatments T1= sand washed (control), T2= sand + coconut fiber, T3= sand + rice bark, T4= sand + bovine manure, T5= sand + pine powder, T6= sand + chicken manure, T7= sand + vegetable ash and T8= quail, with four repetitions of 25 seeds totaling 100 seeds for each treatment. The substrates were used in proportion 3:1, and these proportions were determined in terms of weight and all the sieved substrates, arranged in 6 cm x 29.5 cm x 45.5 cm trays, with an approximate capacity of 7 liters of substrate. The following parameters were evaluated: the emergence percentage, first count, emergence speed index, seedling height, plant height, root length, number of leaves, dry leaf biomass, stalk, root and total. The germination and initial development of M. oleífera seedlings were satisfactory in sand and favored when fibrous materials of vegetable origin (coconut fiber, rice bark or pine powder) or bovine manure were added to the substrate. The addition of manure sand from birds (chicken and quails) and vegetable ash did not favor the substrate for germination of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds. Contribution/ Originality
In search of alternatives to reduce costs and maintain the yield and quality of the production of Moringa oleifera Lam, we tested the use of alternative natural substrates. The influence of using different substrate alternatives on the nutritional quality of this crop is an economically viable and beneficial to the environment. Agricultural Sciences » Current Research in Agricultural Sciences » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Examining the Effect of Leader–Member Exchange Social Comparison on Employee Voice Behavior: The Role of Employee–Organization and Supervisors Organizational Embodiment
Research Article
Author(s):
Shalendra S. Kumar, Shinhyung Kang
Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability
Drawing on social comparison theory (SCT), this research aims to explore the moderated path by testing the interaction effect of a supervisor's organizational embodiment between leader–member exchange social comparison and employee voice behavior (EVB), as well as the mediating role of the employee–organization relationship (EOR). The hypothesis was tested based on the moderated mediation model using a sample of 788 employees through a structured questionnaire from public sector organizations in Fiji. The findings of the study showed that leader–member exchange social comparison (LMXSC) are positively related to employee voice behavior. Furthermore, the mediating role of the employee–organization relationship quality had significantly strengthened the relationship. In addition, supervisors’ organizational embodiment (SOE) also positively moderated the influence of LMXSC on EVB, and LMXSC on EOR quality. This research delineates the brighter side of social comparison, suggesting that employee voice behavior can be enhanced through fair distribution of the leaders’ resources among the employees, communication training, two-way interactive communication, and employee empowerment in improving work ethics and creating a sustainable organization. Finally, to lead an organization ethically, managers need to encourage voicing behavior of subordinates. Employees need to stand up against unethical issues to enhance the social responsibility of the corporation. The limitations and directions for the future are also presented. Contribution/ Originality
This study is the first to investigate how disparity in leader–member exchange social comparison influences employees voice behavior and its importance in improving an organization. In addition, this study is the first one to include the combined interaction effect of employee–organization relationship and supervisors’ organizational embodiment. Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 03-2021 Issue: 1
Key Breeding Containers of Dengue Vectors in Outbreak Localities in Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur
Research Article
Author(s):
Faizul Akmal Abdul Rahim, Mohd Amierul Fikri Mahmud, Mohd Farihan Md Yatim
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that rapidly spreads throughout tropical and subtropical regions. An estimated 2.5 billion people live in dengue-endemic countries and millions of cases occurring each year. Identifying key breeding containers are important to prevent dengue epidemics. This study aims to identify key breeding containers and to evaluate the risks of dengue transmission in the dengue outbreak localities in Kepong District, Kuala Lumpur. Entomological surveillance was done between January 2016 to December 2017 in 38 different outbreak localities. Both indoors and outdoors water-holding containers were inspected for the presence of mosquito larvae. All collected larvae have identified the species, types of breeding containers were recorded, and three larval indices, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau Index (BI), were calculated. Of the 2,067 containers inspected, 227 (10.98%) containers were positive for Aedes larvae. The four main breeding container types in this study were plastic containers (31.72%), water drums (22.47%), drains (18.06%), and flowerpots (14.98%). The HI, CI, and BI varied from 0 to 52.94, from 1.72 to 32.76, and from 2.33 to 75.00, respectively. Key breeding containers of Aedes larvae found in this study provide guidance for health service providers to educate residents to eliminate the common indoors and outdoors Aedes mosquito breeding containers in the study area. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes evidence-based data on dengue vectors’ key breeding containers that useful in planning and monitoring the intervention of vector control strategies. Medical Sciences » Journal of Diseases » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Developing Cluster for Mountains and Hills Tourism in Ekiti State, Southwest, Nigeria
The study described the development of cluster for mountains and hills tourism potentials in Ekiti State. Mapping and direct observation were used to collect both primary and secondary data. Mapping was done by the use of Geographic Information Sysytem (GIS), and Remote Sensing Tools (RST) which properly identified the GPS corodinates and photographs of mountains and hills locations in Ekiti State. These were later downloaded using Arc GIS software for further analysis and the production of multiple maps such as elevation, slope map, shaded relief map and contour map of Ekiti State. Findings clealy showed 57 elevations which were 600m and above, and 245 elevations that were less than 600m in different proportions and heights spread across 27 communities in the 3 zones of Ekiti State. Thus, communities that have two or more mountains and hills at different locations formed cluster as tourism destinations with proposed headquaters where all administrative works will be controlled. The study will ensure that the selected communities in Ekiti State would be given priority in massive infrastructural development to enable potential visitors and tourists to mountains and hills in Ekiti state have deserving comforts that could be compared to other existing mountains and hills destinations outside Nigeria. Conclusively, the government of Ekiti should provide adequate funds for infrastructure in all communities where mountains and hills are domociled.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on mountains and hills in Ekiti State, Nigeria. This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated mountains and hills tourism potentials in Ekiti State. Business & Management » Journal of Tourism Management Research » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Income Shocks and Child Mortality Rates: Evidence from Fluctuations in Oil Prices
Previous studies show that children in lower socioeconomic status families reveal higher rates of mortality. We complement the income-mortality literature by establishing a causal link between income and child mortality. Our instrument for income is based on time-series global shocks to oil prices combined with the cross-sectional share of employment in manufacturing across US states as their exposure to oil price changes. Using the universe of death records between the years 1975-2004, we find the OLS results of income-child-mortality relationships are under-biased. The 2SLS-IV results suggest that a $1,000 increase in income per capita at the state level reduces child mortality and infant mortality by 0.87 and 0.53 fewer incidences per 1,000 population of age-specific children. Contribution/ Originality
This is the first study to establish a causal link between income and child mortality rate. Moreover, it adds to the literature on oil and income by introducing an oil-price-based instrument which has the potential to influence household income and health. Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
A Review Paper on Skills Mismatch in Developed and Developing Countries
Research Article
Author(s):
Akkaya Senkrua
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy
The focus of this review research is on skill mismatch rather than educational mismatch. Specifically, this research examines the definition, extent, measurement of skill mismatch, and the impact of skill mismatch on earnings, productivity, and job satisfaction of employed individuals. Skill mismatch occurs when a worker’s possessed skills are incompatible with the required task-related skills. Skill underutilization or overskilling arises when the skills of an employed individual exceed those required to perform the job. On the other hand, skill overutilization or underskilling ensues when a worker’s skills are below those required to perform the task. The extent of skill mismatch varies from country to country and by measurement approaches: subjective (self-assessment) and objective approaches. The literature review also reveals that underskilling often results in a wage premium and overskilling in a wage penalty. In addition, skill mismatch has a negative impact on productivity and job satisfaction. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents the imbalance between skills employer required and skills workers have and the negative impact of skill mismatch on earnings and job satisfaction. Most empirical evidences are found in developed countries such as US. and Australia because of available of skill data so that the effect of study can recommend educational institutions and government how to improve workers’ skills in the labor market. Few studies in skill mismatch are found in developing countries so researchers who are interested in education and labor market can do the research in this field. Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 03-2021 Issue: 1
Development of an Effective Biocatalyzed Organic Fertilizer Derived from Gliricidia Sepium Stem Biochar
Research Article
Author(s):
W. L. N. Wasana, R.T.K. Ariyawansha, B.F.A. Basnayake
Journal: Current Research in Agricultural Sciences
Biochar biocatalyst action could improve quality and reduce costs in producing biochar fertilizer. Objective of this study was to develop a high-quality organic fertilizer using biochar biocatalyst action. To activate Gliricidia stem biochar (produced at 400-500oC and 2.5 hours residence time), aqueous biocatalysts were prepared in two separate aerobic reactors containing 4L of water, 12.5 g of rock phosphate, and Gliricidia biocatalyst (GBC) with 1 kg of Gliricidia leaves and market waste biocatalyst (MWBC) with 1 kg of market wastes. Intermittently total 377.5 g and 525 g of biochar were added respectively to the reactors until they reach neutral pH. GBC showed higher total nitrogen (243 mg/L) and available phosphorous (8,125 mg/L) contents. Four compost piles were prepared with fresh immature grass of 18 kg/pile and Gliricidia leaves of 2 kg/pile. Produced biocatalysts were added at the beginning to three piles as 6% GBC, 3% GBC, and 3% MWBC and the control with 6% biochar on dw basis. N, P, K levels of all the compost piles after 8 weeks were within the recommended levels of compost. The highest total nitrogen (20.3 g/kg) and available potassium (83.71 g/kg) remained in 6% GBC and the highest available phosphorous (3.41 g/kg) measured in 3% MWBC. pH values of all piles ranged between 8.8-9.2. The made fertilizer is very suitable and cost-effective for acidic soils to improve soil nutrient status unlike the addition of lime. Michaelis-Menten kinetics indicates that it is preferable to add market waste-like substances to GBC for optimizing the qualities. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents a novel procedure of biochar activation using an aqueous mixture of Gliricidia sepium stem biochar, Gliricidia leaves and rock phosphate under aerobic conditions and also, production of high quality organic fertilizer with the addition of activated biochar during active phase of composting. Agricultural Sciences » Current Research in Agricultural Sciences » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Socioeconomic Determinants of Drug Abuse in the United States
Research Article
Author(s):
Bahram Adrangi, Margaret Anderson, Kambiz Raffiee
We examine the association between drug abuse and several socioeconomic variables by estimating a multivariate regression model. The sample data includes seventy observations at the county-level from every state in the U.S., excluding Maryland and North Dakota, provided by the U.S. Center for Disease Control and the U.S. Census Bureau. The socioeconomic variables analyzed in the model are education, median household income, community poverty, insurance status, and employment status. The income, education, and community poverty variables are shown to have significant effect on the number of unintentional drug poisonings (drug abuse). Income is shown to have the largest effect followed by community poverty and then education. Neither insurance status nor employment status were found to be statistically significant. Empirical results suggest that encouraging higher levels of education for communities may be beneficial in reducing drug abuse and its consequences. In the short-run drug related information may can be made accessible through community centers, community clinics, and religious temples. Contribution/ Originality
Research on drug abuse in the US is mainly focused on underlying medical and psychological aspects of the problem. There is a surprising gap in the literature regarding the socioeconomic conditions associated with this problem. Our paper contributes to the existing literature by investigating the association between socioeconomic factors and drug abuse in the US. Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Azotobacter and Total Bacterial Population in Enriched Compost: Preliminary Study
Compost enrichment with nitrogen fixing Azotobacter is a method to enhance the used of biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture. The objective of a laboratory experiment was to verify the change in Azotobacter and total bacteria population in two kind of compost after inoculation with nitrogen fixing A. chroococcum. The experiment was setup in completely randomized design with four combination treatments of sterilized and unsterilized composted manure as well as vermicompost. The control treatments are the sterilized one. The results verified that irrespective of treatments, Azotobacter enrichment increased Azotobacter but reduced total bacteria population after 18-day incubation compared to the composts before treatment. At the end of experiment, the population of Azotobacter in both sterilized and unsterilized vermicompost were slightly lower than in manure; but the count total heterotroph bacteria in both organic matter was similar. The acidity of both enriched compost was neutral while their humidity was declined to 18-19% at the end of experiment. This experiment showed that inoculating the compost with Azotobater maintain the Azotobacter count but decline the total bacteria. This suggested that negative interaction between Azotobacter and other heterotroph bacteria in compost might be occured. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies about the viability of total bacteria and Azotobacter in Azotobacter-enriched compost. Compost enrichment with Azotobacter enhanced Azotobacter population but decreased total bacteria decreased in the compost. This enriched compost can serve as organic matter and Azotobacter inoculant once introducing to the soil. Agricultural Sciences » Current Research in Agricultural Sciences » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Domestic Remittances and Household Food Diversity in Rural Ghana
This work investigates the effect of domestic remittances on households’ food diversity in rural Ghana using three-stage least squares estimation technique and cross-sectional data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey, round six (GLSS 6). The study finds that Northern Ghana rural households’ food diversity scores are lower than their Southern counterparts. Results show that domestic remittances positively affect rural household food diversity in Ghana, and the difference in food diversity index between Northern and Southern rural households narrows as remittances increase. The study also finds that rural households with at least primary educated householders have enhanced food consumption in variety while increasing household size tends to deteriorate food diversity. The study recommends that domestic remittances matter to food consumption diversity, especially in Northern Ghana. Therefore, policymakers should implement remittance tax credits to service providers and strengthen competition in the industry by supporting remittance technologies’ interoperability to minimize costs to increase flows. Increased domestic remittance flows to Northern Ghana could narrow the rural household food diversity gap between Northern and Southern Ghana. Farm and non-farm investment and rural sector-specific education investment are also recommended. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating domestic remittances impact in narrowing food diversity gap between rural households in Northern and Southern Ghana, controlling for other household characteristics. The study’s originality comes from incorporating locational differences in the remittances-food security relationship. Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Impacts of Rural Community on the Forest Estate in Ugbolu, Oshimili North Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria
Research Article
Author(s):
Oghenekevwe Abigail Ohwo, Nnamdi Francis Nzekwe-Ebonwu
This study examined the impact of Community based forest management (CBFM) in Ugbolu forest reserve (UFR), Delta State. A random selection of 110 respondents was carried out. Information on activities encouraging deforestation, list of resources extracted, jobs and income provided from involvement in CBFM, structure and strategy used by community in managing UFR were collected using structured questionnaire and interview section. Descriptive statistics was used to analysed the data (frequency table and likert scale). Majority of respondents were male (51.8%), married (61.6%), between the age of 31-40 (34.5%), had household size of 7-9 (39.1%). The activities that contributed to deforestation in the reserve were logging (70.9%), livestock breeding (15.5%), and farming (10.9%). The forest resources harvested included Tectona grandis, Gmelina aborea, Rattus fuscipes, Thryonomy swinderianus. Involvement in CBFM provided jobs (categorized as Forest user groups (FUG) namely; timber merchants, fellers, loaders, hunters, farmers, forest guards to community members. The income earned varied between ?11,000 ($28.9) to ?200,000 ($526.3) monthly. Majority (58.2%) of respondent stated that heads of different FUG constituted the committee which works with an annual plan (53.4%), arrived at by voting (70.0%). The annual plans meet the demands of various FUG (81.8%) with little interference from government (86.4%). The committees major forest management strategies included partnership of forest guards with rural people (40.0%), creation of a community forest administration group (26.4%) and laws stopping illegal entry into the forest estate (23.4%). Intensification of government involvement and adequate funding for effective CBFM were recommended by the study. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies that have investigated the participation of rural dwellers in the management of the forest. The interests of various user were met, the forest estate adequately managed, and crisis, a basic characteristic of natural resources management was reduced. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Forests » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Employee Motivation in Light Oncial, Non-Financial Rewards and Employee Commitment among Pharmaceutical SMEs of Indonesia
Research Article
Author(s):
Sheema Matloob, Saeed Abbas Shah, Muzafar Hussain Shah
This paper aim to assess the effect of financial and non-financial rewards on employees’ motivation along with mediating effect of employee’s commitment on relationship of financial and non-financial rewards with employees’ motivation in pharmaceutical industry of Indonesia. For achieving the purpose, structural equation modeling was performed on collected data from 235 employees through self-administered questionnaires from pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia. This research found significant and positive effect of non-financial payments with employee motivation in results of direct relationship, current study found positive but insignificant effect of financial rewards on motivation during direct relationship. This study also found significant results of effect of financial and non-financial rewards on employee commitment. Furthermore current study found positive significant results during mediation by employees’ commitment between financial rewards, non-financial rewards with motivation, and employee commitment proved as good mediator. Implication and recommendations were also discussed in current research. Contribution/ Originality
This study has contributed in extension of literature on both financial and non financial rewards’ importance in employee motivation. Further to this, this is one of the few studies conducted in Indonesia, especially in pharmaceutical industry. Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
The New Pattern of Online Credit Loan in the Post-Epidemic Era
This paper is one of the few studies that discusses the impacts and challenges of banking business, especially online credit loans (also known as Internet loans or consumption loans) from the aspects of social environment, economic development, public policy, and technological environment changes under the impact of COVID-19 epidemic. Based on authors’ years of experiences in banking industry, they find that online loan products are facing with numerous problems, such as unclear position of online loan products, management dilemma of employees, dilemma between social responsibilities and debt collection, mismatch between risk and income, high bad-loan ratio issues and so on. To find effective ways to solve those problems, authors combined experience with practice and put forward several possible directions, such as seizing the opportunities of digital transformation to develop financial technology, expanding online products, establishing a new financial environment under changed consuming scene, and utilizing the strict supervision mechanism to expand traditional banking business. Contribution/ Originality
This is one of the few studies to discuss the current situation and problems of online banking business under the impacts of COVID-19. Then, ideals and solutions are presented based on the situation of reality and authors’ years’ experience in banking industry. Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Drought Prediction with Raw Satellite Imagery and Ensemble Supervised Machine Learning
Drought is one of the biggest challenges that environmentalists face today because of rapidly evolving climate. The negative impacts of drought on the economy, humans and other living organisms endure long after the ending of drought, and with time its intensity also increases. One way to fight the adverse effects of drought is to perform drought prediction and so that appropriate decisions can be made accordingly. Drought prediction can be made considering vegetation and water level in any region therefore, in this research we are using satellite images to predict drought conditions and its various stages, like if it is about to come or it has passed. All these predictions will be helpful for authorities to make informed decisions. We are employing supervised machine learning nevertheless to obtain the best results. We are using boosting and bagging which is ensemble supervised machine learning techniques. The experiments performed proved that bagging is better than boosting classifiers and it is less computationally expensive; and boosting on the other hand is less accurate and computationally expensive. Contribution/ Originality
This research performs drought prediction on tharparkar district using raw satellite imagery and ensemble machine learning techniques. Energy & Environmental Sciences » Review of Environment and Earth Sciences » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
The Role of TV Sports Programs in Permeate of Ethical Values in Iranian National Athlete Women
Research Article
Author(s):
Hamid Ghasemi, Masoome Hosseini, Afsaneh Mohammad Alizadeh
The purpose of the study was to survey the role of TV sports programs in permeate of ethical values in Iranian national athlete women. The Methodology was descriptive and survey with field data gathering. The population was national women athletes in Iran which select 97 samples by accessible way from individual and group discipline include Taekwondo, Shooting, Boating, Kabbedi, and others. Data gathered by a questionnaire which preparing by researchers and improved validity and reliability. Results by one-sample t-test showed there is a significant effect from TV sports programs in permeates of ethical values and their components as cultural, economic, religious, politic and social by the view of women athlete. Also, the results of the Friedman test showed the most effect belongs to social component (3.83 means), cultural component (3.42) and political component (3.22). The suggestion from findings was to review TV sports programs in order to improve the content for the development of ethical values in Iranian national women athletes. Contribution/ Originality
The purpose of the study was to survey the role of TV sports programs in permeate of ethical values in Iranian national athlete women. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Nexus among Foreign Exchange Reserve, Remittance and Trade Openness: An Empirical Investigation in the Case of Bangladeshi Economy
Research Article
Author(s):
Abdul Mahidud Khan, Sakib Bin Amin, Adib Ahmed
This study has explored the nexus among foreign exchange reserve, remittance, exchange rate, and trade balance in Bangladesh for the period of 1986 to 2019. By employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test approach, a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables has been found. The study has shown a statistically significant positive impact of remittance inflow and trade balance on foreign exchange reserves in the long run. If remittance inflow increases by 1 percent, then the foreign exchange reserve would increase by 0.43 percent, and if trade openness rises by 1 percent, then the foreign exchange reserve would rise by 1.22 percent. Granger causality test has revealed the presence of unidirectional causality from the remittance inflow to foreign exchange reserve and remittance inflow to exchange rate. Bidirectional causality has observed between trade openness and exchange rate; however, no causal relationship exists between reserve and trade openness. Based on the findings, this study has endorsed several policy directions that Bangladesh can take to excel in the 21st century and cope with post-pandemic challenges. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated the foreign reserve dynamics in the context of Bangladesh and the first one to explore the nexus among foreign reserve, remittance, and trade openness by employing the ARDL approach. Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Abstract