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Kawal is a condiment produced by the traditional fermentation of Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) leaves. Many people from the different part of Chad use it for flavoring as well as a substitute of meat. The fermentation techniques used in kawal production are often applied on a small scale and still mainly at the household level, characterized by the use of simple and rudiment equipment. This study was conducted firstly to investigate the Kawal traditional methods production. Secondly, to evaluate probiotic potential of Bacillus species isolated in order to develop starter cultures for kawal production. Protease, amylase and phytase activities of Bacillus strains were screened. The candidate were screened in vitro for antimicrobial activity against, Micococcus luteus LMG3293, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Salmonella spp. Biofilm synthesis, Antibiotics sensitivity, tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juice were also evaluated. The majority of selected strains formed bio?lms, produced amylase and protease, some of the strain produced phytase by forming clearing zones around the growth of the colonies. For biochemical conditions for simulated gastric and intestinal juice, among the selected strains tested, some had the highest survival in simulated gastric juice and better viability in simulated intestinal juice. The selected strains showed sensitive to a panel of antibiotics and they presented resistance to penicillin G, oxacycline and bacitracin. Some strains showed an inhibitory effect on all of the indicator bacteria tested. Overall, some of these selected strains could be used as potential microbial starters for the controlled fermentation of kawal. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies, which have investigated the traditionnel technologies, and probiotic properties of Bacillus strains isolated from kawal, towards use as a starter culture for fermenting Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) leaves. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 12-2019 Issue: 2
Short-Term Benefits of Grain Legume Fallow Systems on Soil Fertility and Farmers Livelihood in the Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research
Soil fertility management of smallholder farms in the humid tropics is a major issue as a result of inherently low fertility with nitrogen being the most limiting plant nutrient. Use of grain legume fallows could improve soil quality through nitrogen fixation and ensure food and nutritional security in developing countries. This field trial was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to evaluate the short-term benefits of grain legume fallows (common bean, groundnut, cowpea, and soybean) on soil fertility improvement and income generation in relation to a natural weed fallow system. The results showed that total soil nitrogen content ranged from 0.19–0.24%, and differed (P < 0.001) significantly with the highest in common bean plots as compared to the others. The soil organic carbon (SOC) content was highest in cowpea plots (3.36 %) and lowest in the natural weed fallow (2.77 %). However, the SOC were not significantly different among the fallow systems but were higher than the SOC of the soil before sowing (2.41 %). Grain yield ranged from 1.0–1.9 t/ha and differed (P < 0.001) significantly. The highest profitability of integrating grain legumes in farming systems was recorded in the groundnut fallow, followed by soybean, and bean. Cowpea generated a negative return, while the natural fallow system had no effect. Integrating grain legumes fallow into agricultural systems in the humid tropics enhance the value of the fallow lands and may serve as viable short-term economic incentives for smallholder farmers. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature that reports the benefits of grain legumes on soil fertility improvement and also showed that the integration of grain legume fallows into agricultural systems in the humid tropics generate income for smallholder farmers and could serve as motivation for their adoption. Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 12-2019 Issue: 4
Issues of Unemployment in Nigeria: Effect of Real Exchange Rate and Inflation Interaction
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Quarterly Journal of Econometrics Research
The paper examines the issues regarding the effects of inflation and real exchange rate on unemployment: if change in real exchange rate and inflation reduce the level of unemployment and that inflation moderates the effect of real exchange rate on unemployment in Nigeria The author employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique which is able to control endogeneity of variables in the study. The findings show that real exchange rate depreciation and inflation have positive impact on unemployment which in turn erodes the economic growth. Besides, the positive effect of real exchange rate depreciation on unemployment was contributed by high inflation level; the marginal effect of real exchange rate depreciation on unemployment increase with the level of inflation. This signifies that the higher the rate of inflation, the more real exchange rate depreciation spurs unemployment. Based on the findings, there is a need by the economic policy makers and authorities to establish drastic measures towards curbing high inflation level to a moderate and stable level which can stimulate a certain level of real exchange rate which in turn can urge economic growth through increase in employment opportunity. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing studies by distinguishing itself identifying the simultaneous impact of these two fluctuating variables (inflation rate and real exchange rate ) on unemployment, unlike existing literatures which addressed these impacts on unemployment separately and assessing how inflation influences the impact of real exchange rate on unemployment in Nigeria. The study adopts descriptive analysis and generalized method of moment. Economics » Quarterly Journal of Econometrics Research » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 1
Examining the Effects of Perceived Organizational Support, a Fair Rewards System, Training and Development and Information Sharing on Employees Engagement in Saudi Arabia Telecom Sector
Due to multiple outcomes of employee engagement, organizations have been emphasizing different techniques to enhance employee engagement in order to gain a competitive edge in the market. Therefore, purpose of this study is to investigate and empirically validate the relationship between employee engagement and other constructs, such as perceived organizational support, a fair rewards system, training and development, and information sharing. SPSS 18 was used to analyze the data and the findings of this study suggest that a fair rewards system is the most important construct to enhance employee engagement in Saudi Arabia’s telecom sector. Findings of this study will help professionals working in the sector to appreciate these factors when formulating programs to boost employee engagement. They will also be helpful in understanding the effects of these factors on organizations going through a major reform process at both macro and micro level. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is its findings on the role of perceived organizational support, a fair rewards system, training and development, and information sharing in enhancing employee engagement within the context of Saudi Arabia’s telecom sector. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 09-2019 Issue: 3
Finance-Led Growth and Growth-Led Finance: Evidence from Nigeria Economic and Financial Sector Development
This study investigates the cause-effect relationship between financial sector development and economic growth; in Nigeria through supply-led growth and demand-led growth models. Annualized time-series data extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Bulletin from 1999 to 2017 were used in the investigation. The supply-led growth model assumes that financial sector development granger causes economic growth. The demand-led growth model assumes that economic growth Granger causes financial sector growth. Estimating the cause-effect relationship the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and Pairwise Granger Causality was adopted. Findings revealed that the causal relationship is influenced by the stages and level of economic and financial sector growth through the appropriate policy mixes, of the regulators and monetary authorities. The Error Correction Model (ECM) adjusts for disequilibrium caused by the financial and economic factors of lack of economic value, chain effect of export goods, saving-investment gap, and decrease in capital productivity, back to equilibrium at 37% annually. Both the supply-led growth and demand-led growth models hold in Nigeria. The findings differ from previous studies in Nigeria and report that the causality between finance and economic growth is based on stages and the level of economic and financial sector growth and development. The study also supports the argument of Patrick (1966). Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the extant literature by investigating the cause-effect relationship between the financial sector development and economic growth, through the supply-led growth and demand-led growth models in Nigeria from 1999 to 2017. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 12-2019 Issue: 4
Purple-Blue Pigmentation Production as a Sign of Immune Response by Bleached Corals to Avoid Stress Caused by Elevated Sea Surface Temperature
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Hydrology Research
Coral reefs are extensively studied around the world with regard to their taxonomy, distribution, diversity, bleaching events, diseases, conservation, and restoration aspects. However, exhibition of blue pigmentation by corals under certain stressed condition such as high temperature and bleaching events has not been widely investigated. In the present study, during a massive bleaching event of coral reefs in 21 islands of Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve, corals such as Acropora sp. and Turbinaria sp. and some other encrusting corals have displayed purple blue pigmentation in response to high temperature and to avoid complete bleaching of their food supplying symbiotic zooxanthellae. This documentation from this environment is being reported for the first time and thus further immunological and genomic studies are required to study the variation in the zooxanthellae in bleached and non-bleached corals as well as blue pigment showing and non-pigmented corals. The compound responsible for blue pigmentation is needed to be analyzed further which could be employed for other industrial and biomedical applications. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents the purple blue pigmentation displayed by corals such as Acropora sp. and Turbinaria sp. and some other encrusting corals in response to high temperature. This is a sign of adaptation of corals to avoid stress and survive from massive bleaching event occurred in Gulf of Mannar, India. Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Hydrology Research » Month: 03-2019 Issue: 1
The Mediating Role of E-Satisfaction on the Effect of E-Service Quality Dimensions on E-Loyalty: A Lesson from Bukalapak.Com Indonesia
This study examines the role of electronic satisfaction mediation on the effect of electronic service quality dimensions on electronic customer loyalty. Bukalapak.com was ranked ninth of the most popular sites accessed from Indonesia. Bukalapak.com is aggressively promoting and improving the quality of its services. However, the dimensions of electronic services quality that affect the behavior of its customers are still unclear. Research focusing on the effects of the dimensions of electronic service quality mediated by electronic satisfaction is still scarce. Therefore, we offer new insights on how the latest types of interactions must be maintained. We applied Structural Equation Modelling for hypothesis testing. This study found evidence that three dimensions of electronic service quality (privacy, web design, and compensation) have been shown to influence electronic loyalty which is mediated by electronic satisfaction. This influence is positive and pure mediation. The theoretical implication of this research is the need to prioritize a human aspect to an e-marketplace context. Even though these implications need to be tested in a broader context of population, the practical implications of this research are important incentives for e-marketplace sites such as bukalapak.com, tokopedia.com, lazada.com, etc., to pay attention to human aspects of their services to gain customer satisfaction and loyalty. Contribution/ Originality
The main contribution of this paper is finding that the human aspects of users were the most important part of e-service quality to gain customer satisfaction and loyalty in the e-marketplace industry. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 12-2019 Issue: 4
Investigation into Information Literacy and the Use of Web 2.0 Technologies in a Faculty of Architecture
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
Following a rapid development in technology, many information sources are now digitized. Consequently, individuals are expected to demonstrate the skills needed to critically evaluate, synthesize, and effectively use those sources. In this context, information literacy and information technology, especially skills with Web 2.0 tools, have become concepts that directly affect each other’s development. This study investigated the information literacy self-efficacy and use of Web 2.0 tools among architectural students in particular. A t-test and ANOVA were performed on the data collected through a questionnaire survey. The results revealed that there was no difference in information literacy self-efficacy according to the participants’ gender or duration of internet use but did vary with the level of their knowledge of foreign languages and Web 2.0 tools. In addition, instant messaging systems were the most preferred of the Web 2.0 tools to use for educational purposes. Ranked from most to least preferred, other Web 2.0 tools included Facebook–Twitter, video sharing platforms, blogs, wikis, and podcasts. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on social media and information literacy as follows: adds to the few studies of information literacy among architectural students; examines information literacy in the context of social media; and provides information on how students use social media for educational purposes. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 04-2019 Issue: 4
Identification of Factors Encouraging Household Consumers to Engage in Theft of Electricity in Lubumbashi, DR Congo
Fraudulent access to the conventional electricity grid is a serious concern in developing countries. This significantly affects the revenue-generating capacity of their utilities. This article is undertaken to identify the factors encouraging the theft of electricity in Lubumbashi. Based on survey data from various municipalities in the city covering 1211 households based on a simple random sampling plan, the factors responsible for the theft of electricity were identified and ranked in order of importance. Quantitative data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, a post hoc test of Tukey was applied at the significance level <5%. Qualitative data were subjected to chi-square tests. In this study, poor enforcement of the law, corruption, SNEL does not fight for the interests of real subscribers, cost of electricity, quality of service and education are the main causes encouraging electricity theft. To combat this situation it is important to put in place policies that integrate these different factors. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on the main causes of electricity theft. Other than poverty as an important factor explaining the theft of electricity, this study identifies and ranks other underlying factors in order of importance, including: poor law enforcement, cost of electricity, quality of service and education. Engineering » Review of Industrial Engineering Letters » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 1
The Effects of Promotion and Site Attraction on Satisfaction and Subsequent Impact on Loyalty: A Case Study in Gunung Sewu Unesco Global Geopark, Indonesia
Geopark as an innovation for the protection of natural and geological heritage plays an important role in the development of geotourism. All geoparks have to be established in rural areas, thus, geopark and geotourism are opportunities for rural development, reducing unemployment, and preventing migration in rural areas. This study aims to provide information for management to maintain and increase the number of geopark tourist visits. The research is conducted at the Gunung Sewu UNESCO Global Geopark in Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data collection is on January 2019 using a questionnaire of 50 respondents. The population is tourists visiting from 2013 to 2017; sample size is calculated based on Roscoe; type of probability sample, and sampling random sample. Research variable consists of the promotion and site attraction as independent variables, satisfaction as a mediator variable, and loyalty as the independent variable. This study examines the relationship between promotion and site attraction to satisfaction as a mediator variable and subsequent impact on loyalty. The analysis is carried out quantitatively by path analysis using linear structural relationship (LISREL) 8.50. The result shows that promotion does not have a direct affect on loyalty, still however affects on satisfaction. Thus, increasing promotion, therefore, it would provide opportunities for management to affects loyalty, which in turn could increase the number of tourist. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the relationship between promotion and site attraction on satisfaction as a mediator variable and subsequent impact on loyalty. The study found that promotion does not have a direct effect on loyalty but has an effect on satisfaction. Business & Management » Journal of Tourism Management Research » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
The Effect of Varieties and Fungicide Spray Frequencies on Septoria Leaf Blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) Epidemics on Bread Wheat in Western Amhara, Ethiopia
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important small grain cereals produced worldwide. Despite its economic significance, wheat production and productivity is challenged by biotic and abiotic factors. Septoria leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola), is among the most important pathogens that inflict qualitative and quantitative losses on susceptible wheat varieties in the Ethiopian highlands. A field experiment was conducted at Adet and Debre Tabor, three frequencies of fungicide (propiconazole, Tilt 250 EC) plus check and three varieties (Alidoro, Danda’a and Gambo) were used. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in factorial arrangement with three replications. SLB disease development was quite high at Debre Tabor compared to Adet. At Debre Tabor, the maximum SLB severity (78.8%) was noted on variety Gambo followed by Danda’a (70.3%) whereas 46.09% and 37.44% severities noted on these varieties at Adet, respectively. At Debre Tabor the highest sAUDPC (44.35%days and 39.8 %days), disease progress rate (0.019402 and 0.035895 unit/day) on all and flag leaves, respectively. The highest Septoria progress coefficient was noted from the unsprayed plot of Gambo (0.76). Based on the results, a single fungicide spray (Tilt 250EC) for Alidoro and Danda’a (moderately resistant and moderately susceptible) could minimize the epidemics of SLB. But for Gambo (susceptible variety) two fungicide spray reduces the progress and development of SLB. Timely application of efficient systemic fungicides could reduce the epidemics of the pathogen. However, other cultural methods could be further study for the epidemics of this particular pathogen. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the combined effect of varieties with fungicide spray frequencies on Septoria leaf blotch epidemics that will have a positive contribution for economic fungicide spray and as integrated Septoria leaf blotch disease management. Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1
Challenges and Opportunities of Investment to the People of Sebeta Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
This study deals with the challenges and opportunities of investment to the people of Sebeta town, Ethiopia. Currently, countries throughout the world are intensifying investment activities in African countries. Ethiopia is one of them. The focus of this study is to investigate the challenges and opportunities of investment to the people of Sebeta town of Oromia Regional State. To achieve this objective, both primary and secondary data was used. For this purpose, informants selected from the displaced people, government officials, workers of different investment types and selected residents of the town were participants of FGD, interview, observation and case study. In such away, 141 individuals were directly involved in this study. In anthropological studies, analysis is an instrument to extract meanings from the information obtained during the field work. In such a manner, data were presented in a qualitative type. The result of the study showed that local communities lost their land, rivers were contaminated by waste released from companies, labor exploitation and numbers of workers in several companies were disabled, and instability in the town. Investment also brought several opportunities for local people as source of income, skills and technology transfer. Local communities used daily labor, self-employment informal sector to sustain their livelihood. Based on the findings of the research, some alternatives were forwarded that could solve the problem and capitalize the opportunities available. Therefore, implementing proclamations and regulations of the country, prioritizing people in decision making and reconstructing the livelihoods of displaced households need emphasis by the concerned bodies. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by dealing with the challenges and opportunities of investment to the people of Sebeta town, Ethiopia. Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
A Survey on Sentiment Analysis Algorithms and Datasets
In this paper we present a deep literature review on existing system for sentimental analysis. Basically sentimental analysis (SA) is the measurement of preference of people’s thoughts via natural language processing. The main aim of sentiment analysis is to know the orientation of the sentiment described in script. In recent decades the researcher focuses on the study various algorithms for relevant research results of the sentiment analysis. This research paper provides a comprehensive overview of this field's latest update. In this review, some recent proposed improvements of algorithms and various SA applications are explored and briefly described. The aim of this paper is to provide knowledge about the different method related to sentimental analysis also how they are classified, what the applications of this analysis. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by studying the existing systems and showing the disadvantages and comparative analysis based on various parameters. Computer Sciences » Review of Computer Engineering Research » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Fiscal Reaction Functions and Public Debt Sustainability in Nigeria: An Error Correction Mechanism Approach
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research
The pervasiveness and persistent spiral of public debt in the country provide needed insights to determine the tendency for achieving sustainable debt. This, essentially, spurs the study to examine the responsiveness of Nigeria’s fiscal authorities to rising debt accumulation. As such, the study employs conventional unit root and cointegration approaches to estimate the fiscal reaction functions used in the study. Findings suggest that the existence of equilibrium relationship, in the models estimated, signals the fulfillment of the necessary condition for achieving debt sustainability. However, the sufficient condition for a sustainable public debt could not be met; this is evident in the negative response of government primary balances to changes in public debt in the long run. These findings readily affirm that government’s fiscal behaviour is not in tandem with the tenet of the intertemporal budget constraint as fiscal authorities could not generate enough surpluses in reaction to public debt increases. Therefore, there is threat to the feasibility of ensuring a sustainable public debt, importantly, as fiscal pressures and excesses still remain endemic issues. The study concludes that the fiscal operations of Nigerian government cannot sufficiently allow for a sustainable debt; hence, consistent running of this fiscal stance could either spur harsh adjustment measures in the long run or result to insolvency and default. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the sparse studies that elucidate the tendency for achieving public debt sustainability in Nigeria through the lens of fiscal reaction functions which are hinged on the government budget constraints. Economics » International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Analysis of Cyber Attacks on Load Frequency Control in Smart Grid
Smart Grid has gained tremendous technology momentum over the past few years. The data and cyber security of the smart grid face severe challenges and has gained significant importance. This paper addresses the reliability of smart grid by examining their own importance and the effect of cyber-attack during sudden load changes in frequency disturbing aspects. Moreover, it also introduces a solution approach for stabilizing the system. Using the continuous power flow approach with static var compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), maximum load ability of the load buses is determined. The stable limit of speed control for load frequency control (LFC) and integral controller gain for automatic generation control (AGC) is extracted from their characteristic equations to evaluate the effect of cyber-attack on power systems. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the frequency variations and oscillations of the power system, depending on the nature of cyber-attack (positive biased or negative biased attack). Finally, to eliminate these oscillations, a feedback LFC block with a three-input shift is proposed. Contribution/ Originality
Cybersecurity of the modern power system is becoming a major concern throughout the design and implementation of smart grid applications and technology. Therefore, it is essential to study the impact of cyber attacks on the power system. This paper discusses cyberattacks that induce positive and negative biased attacks and their impact on transient stability. Cyber attacks are launched on measured data for a FACTS device (static var compensator - SVC). Therefore, a new procedure of analyzing power system frequency stability under cyber-attack by static var compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). Computer Sciences » Journal of Future Internet » Month: 03-2019 Issue: 1
The Trajectory and Diaspora of Women Imprisonment: An Analysis
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research
In Bangladesh, a very limited number of studies are prevalent to understand the condition of women prisoners. To know the real situation in this regard, we collected data by in-depth interviewing with 10 released women prisoners of two purposively selected jails (from Dhaka and Tangail district) from the two central districts of Bangladesh. For data collection and analysis for this study, we applied the qualitative method (case study). We analyzed the socio-economic factors behind their crime commission, their perception towards jail administration and the impact of their incarceration on their children. The findings revealed that lower socioeconomic condition can be a factor behind the women’s criminal outbreak. Lack of accommodation, proper food, drugs, prison atmosphere, staff's behavior, and employment opportunities are the major problems faced by the prisoners in jails. Their perception regarding jail administration was considerably adverse. We also found that mothers’ incarceration significantly influences their children regarding various short and long term exposure to behavioral problems. Moreover, children with incarcerated mothers are found to be more likely to suffer from mental health issues and deprived of the mainstream academic curriculum. Extensive separations from children have been shown to have an impact on incarcerated mothers as well. The legal rights and privileges for the women prisoners are in many cases absent in most of the cases analyzed here. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by minimizing the gap of scientific investigation regarding the effectiveness of prison system in Bangladesh in dealing with the inmates. Economics » International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Triad of Big Data Supply Chain Analytics, Supply Chain Integration and Supply Chain Performance: Evidences from Oil and Gas Sector
The objective of the paper is to examine the impact of big data supply chain analytics on supply chain performance. Second, study also examines the role of supply chain integration in the association between big data supply chain analytics and supply chain performance. The data were collected from 166 experts working in Oil and Gas Marketing companies. The experts were selected through expert sampling, a sub case of purposive sampling. We employed covariance based structural equation modeling to estimate the modelled relationships. The results of measurement model indicated the reliability, validity and fitness of measurement models. The findings of the study revealed a significant direct impact of big data supply chain analytics upon the five major dimensions of supply chain i.e., plan, supplier management, procurement management, make, and inventory management. Whereas the results did not show any effect of BDSCA on transportation management. Likewise, findings also revealed that distribution and network designing part of supply chain could be radically improved with the application of BDSCA. The study concludes that despite sea-potential of BDSCA in supply chain management field, the research work in this area is yet in infancy stage. Primarily, the research work aiming to know the level of BDSCA orientation and its application strategy requires immediate attention of the researchers and practitioners. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes to the literature on BDSCA-supply chain performance association in two ways. First it provides empirical evidences on the association of BDSCA and supply chain performance. Second, it clarifies the role of supply chain integration in the association between BDSCA and supply chain performance. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 12-2019 Issue: 4
Exchange Rate Volatility, Foreign Exchange Market Intervention and Asymmetric Preferences
Policymakers in emerging market economies intervene in currency markets to counter appreciation or depreciation pressure, while also responding to the degree of exchange rate volatility. This paper investigates whether the asymmetric response in terms of foreign exchange intervention depends on the degree of exchange rate volatility. Specifically, we estimate whether the response by policymakers to currency market conditions differs in above or below threshold levels of volatility. We use dynamic threshold panel analysis presented within an asymmetric policy reaction function to investigate the role of exchange rate volatility in foreign exchange intervention. We estimate the model using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) with monthly data for 23 emerging market economies from 2000 to 2016. We find that the asymmetric aversion to appreciation only holds under below-threshold volatility scenarios, and that the majority of the time, policymakers are simply leaning against exchange rate movements to ensure stable exchange rate conditions. The results confirm that exchange rate volatility impacts the response of policymakers to exchange rate conditions. Contribution/ Originality
This study assesses how exchange rate volatility impacts foreign exchange policy decisions in emerging and developing economies. We provide evidence that prior literature, which did not consider volatility, missed an important policy concern for central banks in these economies when analyzing the existence of asymmetric preference in foreign exchange intervention. Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Match Running Performance of Elite Soccer Players and Correlations with Anthropometric and Power Indexes
The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlations between a) jumping ability (squat jump and countermovement jump performance) and c) anthropometric indexes with the distances covered at different intensities during soccer matches by Greek elite soccer players (n=11). Match running performance was analyzed using a global positioning system (GPS) within the second division professional league. Body weight and height were moderately correlated with the distance that was covered in the first half with the speed from 19.7 to 23.7 km/h (r=-0.605, p<0.05 and r=-0.616, p<0.05, respectively). No correlations were found between SJ and CMJ performance with match running performance in all the velocities. The players covered greater distances in the first half at all speed levels except for walking (6–11.9 km/h: 1,548 vs. 1,260 m, p<0.01; 12–15.7 km/h: 896 vs. 696 m, p<0.001; 15.8–19.6 km/h: 438 vs. 347 m, p<0.01; 19.7–23.7 km/h: 176 vs. 142 m, p<0.01; 23+ km/h: 71 vs. 52 m, p<0.001). The results demonstrated that match running performance depends on the tactical strategies of each team. Shorter players and who weight less may perform better in higher velocities. However, more studies with greater samples are needed to estimate the relations that were mentioned. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the relationship between match running performance with anthropometric and power indexes. The paper’s primary contribution is finding that match running performance does not correlated with player’s power and shorter players may perform better in higher velocities. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 12-2019 Issue: 2
Assessment of Some Selected Metals from Textile Effluents in Amhara Region Using AAS and ICPOES
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research
Heavy metals are some of the common pollutants that are found in industrial wastewaters a variety sources one of them textile industries. In Ethiopia, there are more than fourteen major textile and garment factories. The study of industrial wastewater, it is important to select the appropriate wastewater treatment program. Samples of textile effluents from textile industries found in Amhara Regional State Bahir Dar, Kombolcha, and Debre Brihan textile industries were collected. Heavy metal concentrations effluents were determined using FAAS and ICP-OES. The determined heavy metal concentration of Pd 0.85 to 0.61, As 1.3 to 0.4, Cr 0.08 to 0.03, Zn 2.6 to 0.32 and Mn 0.37 to 0.25 mg/L by FAAS. The determined heavy metals in all textile industries didn’t have significant effluence to environment, but there is a significant difference between FAAS and ICP-OES. The concentration of all the studied heavy metals except Mn were comparable with the WHO and EEPA guideline. This study suggests quick intervention and closes monitoring to arrest and solve the growing environmental pollution. Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution is finding that influence of environmental pollution assessment with standards of EEPA and WHO and determined heavy metals Pb, As, Cr, Zn and Mn from textile industries waste water effluents in Ahmara region, Ethiopia and comparison of FAAS and ICP-OS methods. Chemistry & Materials Sciences » International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research » Month: 01-2019 Issue: 1
Abstract