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Flour from three plantain cultivars (Agbagba, Cadaba and French horn) commonly grown in Nigeria were investigated for their particle size, bulk density and thermal properties. The results showed that Agbagba cultivar had the least particle size (10.04%) at 125µm sieve size and significantly increased to 29.45% at 180µm sieve size. Cadaba and French horn plantain cultivars showed a particle size of 56.54% and 36.20% at 125µm sieve size, respectively and decreased significantly with increase in sieve sizes. The bulk density ranged from 28.62% to 30.50% and showed no significant differences between the cultivars. The moisture content ranged from 7.65% (French horn) to 8.7% for (Cadaba) and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Also, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) observed in specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity between the cultivars studied. The data thus obtained showed that chemical composition of the cultivars may influence thermal properties and this will serve as a useful engineering tool for the design and development of sieves and dryers for plantain flour. Contribution/ Originality
This study provides necessary information that can be used in the design of dryers for plantain flour. This study also showed that proximate composition rather than differences in cultivars influenced thermal properties.
Higher Education (HE) is becoming highly competitive today and therefore, Institutions of Higher Learning need to look closely at improving their customer service strategies. Consumers in the education sector are now much more aware of what exactly they want; and therefore the demand for these services is similar to what they demand for commercial businesses. Customer service has become the centre of management activities which constitutes the basis of competition in the higher education sector today. Universities and colleges should begin by becoming proactive not reactive in the marketing of their services. The Customer Service Quality model has been widely used to study service excellence in a number of service industries; education inclusive. Contribution/ Originality
The study documents the performance of higher institutions of learning with regard to improving quality and increasing productivity. This is seen through institutional policies and structures to deliver the services promised, recruiting staff competent enough and responsive to the dynamic education sector and designing the environment to fit an academic context.
Objective: This paper provides a survey of efficiency in banks using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in developed and developing countries. Methods: There are two ways were used; the first one is analyse previous reviews, and the other one is systemic search from ProQuest, Emerald, Scopus and Science Direct. The search conducted to identify efficiency in banks in developed and developing countries. Originality: This study contributes in the existing literature in measuring efficiency in banks using DEA as a non – parametric technique. Results: Studies that was survey showed that the score of allocative efficiency was more than technical and cost efficiencies. Also, Studies showed that the scores of cost efficiency were more than the scores of profit efficiency. Conclusion: This paper shows that most of these studies were conducted in developed countries context, Also many studies were in developing countries. But, very few studies were conducted in the context of banking industry in Arab countries. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to fill the gap in literature for studies were conducted to measure the efficiency of banking industry. Also it contributes in the body of knowledge by understanding the status of efficiency in the banking industry using non – parametric approach.
Composite construction with traditional Hot Rolled Steel (HRS) sections has been known to perform much better than with Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) sections for decades; as observed by extensive rules and requirements for their design as prescribed in current design codes. There is, however, limited technical information available about the use of composite systems that incorporates the use of light gauge steel sections, despite the potentials of the system in residential and light industrial constructions. However, the composite action of CFS with an in-situ concrete, especially Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) using bolted shear connector has not yet established. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the behaviour of bolted shear connector used with SCC and CFS to form a composite beam system at designated longitudinal spacing. Push-out and full-scale test specimens of longitudinal spacing of 250 mm and 300 mm with bolted shear connector of grade 8.8 installed with single nut and washer on the CFS flange and beneath it were fabricated, cast and tested till failure occurred. The experimental test results shows that the bolted shear connector possessed good ultimate strength and ultimate moment capacities with an increase in the longitudinal spacing of the bolted shear connector from 250 mm and to 300 mm respectively. It was therefore concluded that, longitudinal spacing between bolted shear connectors had significantly influenced the shear connector strength capacities. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature by demonstrating the use of Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) section with bolted shear connector embedded in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC).
L-asparaginase is an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-asparagine and formation of L-aspartate and ammonia and widely used as anticancer drug in pharmaceutical and food industry. This amino acid (L-asparagine) has an important role for development of cancerous; in contrast the normal cells don’t need this amino acid. Eight Acinetobacter baumannii isolates of were isolated from different blood and sputum samples and it was found that high isolation rate of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from sputum was consisted with their association with lower respiratory tract infections. All these eight isolates were screened for higher L-asparaginase production and found that among all these isolates, Acinetobacter baumannii Sp3 gave higher asparaginase activity of 7.32 U/ml. L-asparaginase was purified to homogeneity by sequential chromatographic steps involved ammonium sulfate at 45% saturation followed by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography with a recovery yield of 68% and 22.65 fold of purification. L-asparaginase had antibiofilm activity against all tested biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii) after using Congo red agar and Microtitration plates methods for detecting biofilm formation ability. Highly antibiofilm of L-asparaginase recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduction of biofilm formation ratio to 32 and 41% ,respectively compared with (100)% of control. Thus we can conclude that L-asparaginase has promising benefit as antibiofilm agent against biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria that have multidrug resistance. Contribution/ Originality
Cucumis sativus Linn.(Fam. Cucubitaceae) is commonly known as “Vellari” in Tamil, “Cucumber” in English and “Sakusa” in Sanskrit. Cucumis sativus fruit is shown to possess various activities such as ameliorative, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, carminative and ameliorative and antacid properties. It is used in Cosmetics as treatment for skin-inflammation and skin protectant. Pulp of the fruit is useful in dysentery, diarrhea, dropsy, piles and leprosy. It is also used as a liver tonic. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a metabolic disorder which is emerging as a severe problem and is a disease involving liver disorder. In the present study, six phytochemical constituents isolated and identified from the ethanol extract of the fruits of Cucumis sativus Linn. by GC-MS analysis have been screened for inhibitory activity against Hepatitis B X and Heme oxygenase I using molecular docking studies. The binding affinities of the Phytochemical constituents were compared with that of the known hepato protective agent, silymarin. The ACD/Chemsketch tool was used to generate 3D structures of ligands. A molecular file format converter tool has been used to convert the generated data to the protein Data Bank (PDB) and has been used for docking studies. The active site of the target protein was identified using Q-site finder tool. The energy values for docking interactions between the active site and the phytochemical constituents have been studied by using Flex X tool. Out of all inhibitors, silymarin, followed by 2-(2-methyleyclohexylidene)-hydrazine carboxamide possess the highest energy value indicating them as efficient inhibitors with the target proteins to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. The effective properties may be due to the presence of carbonyl and alholic OH groups present in the ligand molecules. Contribution/ Originality
Cucumis sativus Linn. fruit has a number medicinal uses. The fruit is traditionally used by medical practitioners for curing liver disorder. The present study is a new original contribution. Six phytochemical constituents isolated and identified by GC-MS analysis by our group has been subjected to molecular docking studies for the first time with two novel hepato carcinoma receptors, Hepatitis B X and Hemo Oxygenase I whose 3D structures were retrieved from PDB database. Flex X docking program has been used to specify binding surface of the receptors and phytochemical constituents in SDF format. The present study gives an additional theoretical proof that the phytochemical constituents of the ethanol extract of Cucumis sativus can be used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma which has already been proved pharmacologically by our group.
Bamboo deforestation has become a serious problem in Ethiopia threatening the bamboo biodiversity and the people who depend on bamboo income. Previous studies mostly emphasize on mechanical, physical and biological characterization of the lowland bamboo. Earlier studies rarely relay on measuring the trend and magnitude of bamboo deforestation. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to examine the rate and magnitude of bamboo deforestation and identify the driving factors of LU/LC change. Data for the study were obtained from geographic information system (GIS) with ground verification. To supplement the GIS and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) result, a random sample of 384 households was interviewed. In addition, key informants interview and focus group discussions were held to validate the required data. The result generally revealed the declining state of bamboo forest over the past 26 years. The 2006 year’s NDVI value shows that a household owned 3.846 hectares of forest land. The result indicated a decline in forest to 2.027 hectare in 2012. The result showed 52.704 percent decline in forest land cover. Moreover, the survey result indicated that from 2009-2013, about a 0.014 hectares of bamboo forest was converted to agricultural land. On average, a household has converted an average of 0.081 hectares of forestland into agriculture land. Our evidence also shows that the lowland bamboo forest cover in the region has devastated due to anthropogenic and natural factors. This result implies that if the same trend continues, the available bamboo stock will vanish in shorter period of time. Therefore, quick rehabilitation and mass bamboo restocking policy shall be designed by the regional government in order to regenerate and conserve the lowland bamboo resources. Contribution/ Originality
This study has used appropriate research methodology and hopped to contribute to the bamboo based existing literature.
Classification of the p-subgroups of the finite group of order 12 was done using Cauchy’s Lagrange’s and Sylow’s Theorems up to Isomorphism subgroups and related to the Dihedral group of order 20 (D2n) in Chemical Bonding. Contribution/ Originality
This paper examines the causal relationship between four different measures of education and income in Turkey using time series data for the period 1971-2013. The four measures are: (a) gross primary-school enrolment, (b) gross secondary-school enrolment, (c) gross higher-school enrolment and (d) government expenditure on education relative to total government expenditure. The analysis employs a Toda and Yamamoto (1995) approach to Granger non-causality. The empirical findings indicate evidence of a unidirectional causality running from secondary-school enrolment to GDP per capita and higher-school enrolment to GDP per capita. The results also indicate that primary education and government spending on education do not Granger cause economic growth and vice versa. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature on the relationship between education and growth. This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the causal relationship between four different measures of education and GDP per capita in Turkey using time series data for the period 1971-2013.
Four metabolisability trials on captive Wigeons were conducted comparing a complete pelleted diet with others where Taraxacum officinalis and Zostera noltii were added. The daily dry matter (DM) intake of Wigeons varied from 54.4 to 65.5 g/day and the amount of nutrients received from the four diets was similar. The nitrogen (N) content of droppings statistically diminished when Wigeons were fed diets containing Zostera noltii. Correlation among cell wall components (CWC) of droppings and that of intakes was always highly significant and positive. The DM metabolisability of the four diets was 42-51 %. The crude protein (CP) metabolisability varied significantly from 21 % for the diet with Taraxacum to 39 % for that with the Zostera collected in June. The metabolizabilities of CWC also differed significantly among diets. The apparent metabolizabilities of ash with the Zostera diets were significantly higher when compared to those of two other diets. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies, which have investigated the metabolic responses of captive Wigeons (Anas penelope) to four different diets and compared the results of nutritional aspects to those of their wild counterparts.
There is an outcry in local authorities regarding human capital flight and poor service delivery. The ability of local authorities to retain qualified personnel is reportedly low. To recruit and retain experienced, educated and dedicated personnel requires that local authorities' practice retention strategies. By retaining talent local authorities may improve their productivity as well as achieve acceptable levels of service delivery. Some of the retention strategies recommended in this paper include, induction, and training, effective communication, a good human resource function, acknowledgement of achievement and concessionary loans. The paper exposes an extensive literature search. Literature on turnover and retention was studied at length and then appropriate retention strategies to retain talent were formulated. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes in the existing literature on human resource management in Zimbabwe Local Authorities. The paper primarily contributes issues that are relevant to the Zimbabwean situation. The paper is one of the very few studies which have investigated causes of departures by employees in Zimbabwe Local Authorities.
The diffusion equation is solved in two dimensions to obtain the concentration by using separation of variables under the variation of eddy diffusivity which depend on the vertical height in unstable case. Comparing between the predicted and the observed concentrations data of Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) taken on the Copenhagen in Denmark is done. The statistical method is used to know the best model. One finds that there is agreement between the present, Laplace and separation predicted normalized crosswind integrated concentrations with the observed normalized crosswind integrated concentrations than the predicted Gaussian model. Contribution/ Originality
The levels and health risks of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were evaluated in twenty-nine commercial fish species collected from markets in Monrovia, Liberia. A mixture of HNO3, HClO4 and H2SO4 was used for complete oxidation of organic tissue. Total mercury was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption technique using an automatic Mercury Analyzer; while the concentrations of lead and cadmium were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Estimation of the dietary exposure of the consumers to these metals were determined based on data from the American Food Consumption Index and the associated health risks were evaluated by comparing intakes with the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes (PTWIs). The hazard quotient and total hazard index for the tested metals in all the species were less than the USEPA guideline value of 1, suggesting that the consumption of the tested fish species has no adverse health effects considering exposure to the tested metals. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on heavy metal toxicity in commercial fish species and associated health risks to fish consuming populace. It is the first work of such nature covering a wide variety of fish species consumed in Monrovia, Liberia and thus provides a basis for future studies.
Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidative Properties and Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Cola Nitida and Vitex Doniana on Fe2+ - Generated Oxidative Stress in Rat Testes in Vitro
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology
Male sexual dysfunction (MSD) might be produced by multifactorial determinants which include psychological disorders, androgen deficiencies, chronic medical conditions, vascular insufficiency, penile disease, pelvic surgery, neurological disorders, drugs, life style, aging and systemic diseases. This study sought to assess the antioxidant properties of the water-extractable component of the leaves of Black plum (Vitex doniana) and bark of Kola nut (Cola nitida),evaluate their effect on pro-oxidant generated lipid peroxidation in rat’s testes; and examine the effect on arginase which is among the major enzymes associated with Erectile dysfunction. The results of the total phenol, total flavonoid of aqueous extracts of Cola nitida and Vitex doniana revealed that Cola nitida (10.64 mgGAE/g) had significantly (P<0.05) more total phenol content than Vitex doniana (4.68 mgGAE/g). The result also revealed that Vitex doniana (2.1 mgQE/g) had significantly (P<0.05) higher total flavonoid content than Cola nitida (1.3 mgQE/g). Also, Vitex doniana (20.24 mgAEE/g) had significantly (p<0.05) higher reducing property than Cola nitida (17.43 mgAEE/g). The results of the 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS*) radical mopping up capacity of the water extractable component of Vitex doniana and Cola nitida also showed that the extracts are able to scavenge ABTS* radicals, however, Vitex doniana (1.8 Mmol TEAC/100g) had significantly (P<0.05) higher ABTS* mopping up capability than Cola nitida (1.2 Mmol TEAC/100g). Furthermore, the DPPH* result revealed that Cola nitida and Vitex doniana extracts scavenged DPPH* radicals in a concentration-dependent pattern. However, Vitex doniana (IC50 = 1.28mg/ml) had a significantly (P<0.05) higher DPPH* mopping up capability than Cola nitida (IC50 = 0.83 mg/ml). Both extracts were able to inhibit FeSO4-generated lipid peroxidation at a dose-dependent manner; however, Vitex doniana (IC50 = 1.07 mg/ml) had a higher inhibitory action of Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation than Cola nitida (IC50 = 1.01 mg/ml). Vitex doniana (IC50 = 0.38mg/ml) has the higher arginase inhibitory activity than Cola nitida (IC50 = 0.34mg/ml). High phenolic content and strong antioxidant properties could be part of the mechanisms through which the water extractable phytochemicals of Cola nitida (bark) and Vitex doniana (leaves) exhibits its preventive measure of erectile function. However, Vitex doniana displayed a stronger effect on Male reproductive function than Cola nitida. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature that water extractable phytochemical of Cola nitida and Vitex doniana are rich in phenolic compounds and exhibited both anti-arginase and antioxidant activity with Vitex doniana displaying a stronger male sexual function than Cola nitida. These herbs showed potential as a functional food/nutraceutical in the managing of male reproductive malfunction such as Erectile dysfunction as it exhibited inhibitory activity on the key enzyme (arginase) linked to this dysfunction. Therefore, this could be part of the possible mechanisms through which the extracts exert their aphrodisiac properties by inhibiting arginase activities and preventing oxidative stress generated erectile malfunctioning.
The present paper attempts to analyze the implications of the relationship between reliability and rationing cost involved in a power supply system in the framework of the standard inventory analysis, instead of the conventional marginalist approach of welfare economics. The study is substantiated by fitting a normal distribution to the daily internal maximum demand of the Kerala power system during the four-year period from 2010-11 to 2013-14, and also by estimating, based on the techno-economic parameters of a 660 MW thermal power plant, the rationing costs implied in different reliability target criteria. Contribution/ Originality
This study suggests a new approach to the relationship between reliability and rationing cost involved in a power supply system; it also contributes in the existing literature to the standard inventory analysis by linking it to reliability analysis.
Character strengths are positive traits that are critical in many positive life outcomes. This study examined the distribution of character strengths and their relationship with life satisfaction among teachers in selected schools in the Builsa District of the Upper East Region in Ghana. Data from a sample of 104 basic and senior high school teachers revealed that the top 7 character strengths of the teachers were gratitude, kindness, fairness, love of learning, honesty, perspective(wisdom) and open mindedness (judgment). There was a strong positive relationship between overall character strengths and satisfaction with life. Creativity, perspective, love, teamwork, prudence, and gratitude were each significantly correlated with life satisfaction. Prudence, humour, modesty/humility, self-regulation and capacity to love and be loved each made unique and significant contribution in explaining life satisfaction with prudence making the largest unique contribution. Implications of the study and directions for future research are discussed. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated Peterson and Seligman (2004) character strengths in Ghana and it identified unique distribution of the strengths among teachers. The top 7 strengths indicate teachers scoring high on wisdom and knowledge strengths which is unique from studies using general samples.
The (F/G)-expansion method is firstly proposed, where F=F(ξ) and G = G(ξ) satisfies a first order ordinary differential equation systems (ODEs). We give the exact travelling wave solutions of the variant Boussinesq equations and the KdV equation and by using (F/G)-expansion method. When some parameters of present method are taken as special values, results of the -expansion method are also derived. Hence, -expansion method is sub method of the proposed method. The travelling wave solutions are expressed by three types of functions, which are called the trigonometric functions, the rational functions, and the hyperbolic functions. The present method is direct, short, elementary and effective, and is used for many other nonlinear evolution equations. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature of -expansion method. We proposed the (F/G)-expansion method and investigated the exact travelling wave solutions of the variant Boussinesq equations and the KdV equation by using (F/G)-expansion method.
This study aims to determine the role of certain dimensions that compels a wife to adapt with marital violence thus elect to continue in such a turbulent marriage. The study adapted the descriptive approach and the measurement of adaption with marital violence for data collection from a sample of 114 battered women whom members of the Family Protection Foundation situated at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The results of major factors that compels a battered wife to adapt with marital violence were: The wife's below average appearance, obesity and below average beauty as to the dimension of the wife's personality aspects. Increased divorced process cost and lengthy divorce process as to the dimension of the divorce process and child custody. The wife's inability to control her children' behaviors, difficulty to fulfill her children' needs, depending on the father for extending such orientation and guidelines to children as to the dimension of caring for children. The wife's family's inadequate support as a result of the family's hard economic condition and lack of social status, the family's rooted conception that the husband has the right to discipline his wife as to the dimension of the family support. Inadequate social security for the wife and her children, the wife's total financial dependence on the husband, inadequate financial support (designated by a competent court) for both of the mother and children after divorce, inadequate financial support from the wife's family as to the dimension of financial dependence on the husband. However, the physical, health, sex and economic violence are the major types of violence adapted by battered wives. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes, in the existing literature, the role of certain dimensions that compels a wife to adapt with marital violence thus elect to continue in such a turbulent marriage in spite of violence. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2
Effect of Domestic Cooking on Physicochemical Parameters, Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of Algerian Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L. Var. Marmande)
Most of the vegetables are consumed after being cooked. Tomatoes are widely consumed either raw or after processing and can provide a significant proportion of the total antioxidants in the diet. This study was performed to investigate the influence of the traditional cooking methods of Algerian people (frying, griddling and baking) on the physicochemical properties (pH, moisture, acidity, Brix, total sugar, ash and non enzymatic browning index), phytochemicals contents (phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, flavonols vitamin C, carotenoids and lycopene) and the antioxidant activity of tomato (S. lycopersicum) cultivated in Algeria. Cooking treatment affect positively their physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, Brix, total sugar, ash and non-enzymatic browning index) except the moisture content which decreases significantly. After cooking, the number of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins increase significantly, nevertheless vitamin C, carotenoids and lycopene contents decrease for all cooked samples. Finally, DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging activities increased in cooked tomato extracts, while a slight decrease was recorded in ferric reducing power (FRP) due to the reduction of vitamin C contents. Consequently, the antioxidant activity of tomato depends on the cooking procedure and griddling, frying seems to be the best cooking way that enhances its antioxidant activity. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents for the first time to determine the influence of the traditional cooking methods of Algerian people (frying, griddling and baking) on the physicochemical properties, the phytochemicals contents and the antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and FRP) of Algerian tomato (S. lycopersicum var. Marmande) used in different food preparation. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 03-2019 Issue: 1
Appointment of Directors and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Sub Saharan Africa: Do We Need More Executive or Non-Executive Directors?
This study mainly examined the effect of Corporate governance on the performance of deposit money banks in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Specifically, the effect of appointment of more non- executive directors-BNEDDUM on return on assets (ROA) and net interest margin (NIM) of the banks in SSA was determined. Conversely, the work examined the effect of appointment of more executive directors on the ROA and NIM of the banks. Secondary data on six SSA countries and twelve banks collected for the period 2004 to 2016 were used. Panel data regression approach was employed to analyze the data. Fixed effects and Random effects models were adopted based on the results of Hausman tests. The study revealed among others that appointment of more number of non-executive directors has a positive but insignificant effect on ROA. It also indicated a strong positive correlation with both ROA and NIM. A hypothetical appointment of more executive directors showed a positive and significant effect on NIM while indicating the negative and insignificant effect on ROA. The positive effect of BNEDDUM on ROA coupled with its strong positive correlation with ROA and NIM seem to strongly suggest that appointment of more non-executive directors in deposit money banks in SSA is more beneficial to the banks than the appointment of more executive directors. However, the global conflict in the findings associated with appointment of directors is not yet fully resolved. The study recommends that while more non-executive directors may be appointed, banks in SSA must put in place internal control systems which promote a culture of professionalism in management. Contribution/ Originality
This study originates a new approach to attempt to resolve the challenge of causality in the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance by improvising a randomized experiment which made it possible to examine two sets of firms-one which appointed more non-executive directors and another that appointed more executive directors. Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 03-2019 Issue: 1
Abstract