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Fatty acid composition and all-trans-retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and cholecalciferol content was determined and compared in raw and steamed Bluefish and Rainbow trout. Total lipids were extracted by Bligh and Dyer method followed by GC-MS. All-trans-retinol, cholecalciferol and alpha-tocopherol were analyzed simultaneously using HPLC. In comparison with raw fish fillets, analyzed fat soluble vitamin’s content in steamed fish filletsfor the Trout and Bluefish decreased significantly to about 54.2% and 49.8% for retinol and 32.6% and 43.5% for alpha-tocopherol, respectively. After steaming, the cholecalciferol amounts in processed fillets decreased significantly only in Rainbow trout (23.5%), whereas in Bluefish the losses were non-significant. After cooking, the polyunsaturated fatty acid content changed significantly in the Rainbow trout (45.8%), whereas the variations in the Bluefish were minor. The major PUFA in all samples were linoleic acid (LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). PUFA/SFA ratios were between 1.01 and 1.68 for both species. Steaming increases PUFA/SFA ratio by 8.33% in Rainbow trout, but does not affect this ratio in Bluefish. Contribution/ Originality
Protection of grains against infestation and damage by diverse storage insect pests is an age long practice, as it ensures availability of agricultural produce and guarantees food security. This study assessed the protective bioactivity of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seed oil (MSO) against infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). Ten gram grains of three cowpea varieties (Borno brown, Gwalam and Banjara) were treated with four doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ml) of MSO in three replicates, along with un-treated check. Data obtained on the number of eggs laid, adults emerged (F1) and severity of damage were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mean separation at 5% probability level was performed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). Results indicated statistical significance (P<0.05) in the mean number of eggs laid on un-treated grains compared to grains treated with higher doses from each of the varieties. Similarly, mean number of adults emerged and severity of damage from un-treated grains were statistically significant (P<0.05) relative to the treated grains with all doses of each variety. Statistical differences in the mean number of eggs laid, adult emergence and severity of damage indicated the good potential of MSO in conferring protection to stored cowpea grains. The protective effect of MSO against C. maculatus seemed to be achieved principally through oviposition suppression and reduced or complete inhibition of adult emergence, consequently reducing or eradicating infestation risk, damage and loss of cowpea grains in storage. While the use of plant essential oils against storage insect pests is being advocated, the availability, affordability and the tendency of tainting protected grains need to be considered. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature, as the results of the study concur with reports of several authors, where plant essential oils was effective as a protectant against the cowpea bruchid infestation; consequently reducing or eradicating the damaging effect of the beetle. Agricultural Sciences » International Research Journal of Insect Sciences » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2
Managing Change in Broadcast Organisations: BBC Producer Choice Twenty Years On
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Journal of New Media and Mass Communication
In 1993, the BBC introduced Producer Choice, a radical organisational change initiative driven largely by external political factors and implemented in a climate of internal opposition and resistance to change. The primary criticisms of the initiative are that it eroded the BBC’s craft base and damaged its ability to compete with the private sector, but it is also credited with saving the BBC in its current form. This paper examines the political background to the introduction of Producer Choice and analyses the drivers for change within the paradigm of Porter’s Five Forces Model. The planning, implementation and the management of resistance to change are discussed within the theoretical framework of change management literature. Contribution/ Originality
This study draws on a wide variety of sources and represents a comprehensive synthesis of the available literature on BBC Producer Choice and the associated change management issues presented by the initiative. Its primary contribution is the drawing together of twenty years of literature from academic and contemporary news sources to arrive at a reevaluation of the outcomes arising from the program of change. Social Sciences » Journal of New Media and Mass Communication » Month: 03-2014 Issue: 1
In the article proposed formalisms for defining rules of Web-services orchestration and choreography that allows to combine elements of a distributed system in a single system. Proposed approach allows to perform formal association of individual system components into a single unit. Proposed verification method for distributed systems based on the model approach. E-networks are models for verification of distributed systems. Web-service’s safety check is performed by finding deadlock conditions or any deviation from the specification process. This method allows taking into account the asynchronous nature of complex services and also performing stateful inspection: check for different Web-service consistency, check orchestration and choreography compatibility requirements for each service. Contribution/ Originality
This study uses new algebraic methods for the analysis of complex Web-services. The novelty is in the use of formal grammars, which solved the problem of validation and evaluation of the behavior of the resource allocation of info communication protocols. Computer Sciences » Journal of Future Internet » Month: 03-2014 Issue: 1
Radiography Monitoring of Osteoconduction and Osteoinduction of Orthotopic Allograft Autoclaved Covered With Propolis
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Advances in Life Science and Technology
The veterinarian orthopedic surgeon is often faced to the loss of bone substance in diaphyseal region of long bones. Our study is based on a biological approach to the filling of segmental bone loss by implanting an autoclaved orthotopic allograft of one centimeter length covered and uncovered with propolis in the femoral diaphysis under general anesthesia and sterile condition. The experiment involved eight adult dogs, from local breed and different sex; split into two groups. An autoclaved allograft without propolis was implanted for the first animals group (control group ) then the same graft has been implanted to the second animals group. The aim of our study is to determine the osteoinductive and osteoconductive allograft covered with propolis, to follow clinically and radiologically the incorporation of the autoclaved graft.The results showed that the use of a graft covered with propolis accelerated the osteoinductive and osteoconductive process, this is reflected by an early passage of the callus .The use of a thin layer of propolis on a autoclaved allograft, stimulated peripheral and spinal osteoinduction, and accelerated osseointegration at both proximal and distal interfaces, this phenomenon can be controlled depending on the amount used of propolis on the graft. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which has investigated the both phenomena osteoinduction and the osteconduction of autoclaved allograft and we have used in our study the extract propolis as purchased from France in vivo and highlight its advantages too. Physical Sciences » International Journal of Advances in Life Science and Technology » Month: 03-2014 Issue: 1
Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Mineral Exploration and Exploitation in South-Northern Nigeria: A Case Study of Igarra in Edo State
The act of quarrying/mining and the subsequent processing and transporting of these raw materials are greatly hampered by high environmental and health costs. This is observable at the quarry sites, processing factories and the surrounding environments. It is important to state that the environment of the northern part of Edo State has suffered in many areas where exploitation of earth resources by quarrying method and the subsequent processing are carried out. This was revealed from the fieldwork. The importance of these minerals to the nation’s economy cannot be undermined. There is no wisdom therefore to suggest that mining activities be eliminated in order to sustain the quality of the environment. What should be done is for the government, industrial prospectors and environmentalists to take precautionary and remedial measures that can minimize the ill-effects of mineral development. Emphasis should shift to sustainable exploitation of the resources, while the enforcement agency should ensure that quarrying and mining of rocks by the industrial prospectors are in line with the Quarry Act of Nigeria 1979. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes to knowledge on the environmental impacts and processes of solid minerals exploration and exploitation in Nigeria. It also makes available materials for further research work on the subject matter. Energy & Environmental Sciences » Review of Environment and Earth Sciences » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1
Ultrasound Guided Axillary Node Sampling in Patients of Carcinoma Breast with Clinically Negative Axilla: A Pilot Study
Background: The current recommendation for evaluation of axilla in patients with early breast cancers is Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection. Axilllary node sampling (ANS) has been validated as an alternative, but its reliance on palpation for localization of axillary nodes limits its precision. Pre-operative ultrasound guided localization can be combined with ANS to overcome this limitation. We conducted this study to find the accuracy of Ultrasound Guided Axillary Node Sampling (UGANS) in predicting the status of the axilla in patients with breast cancer.Methods: Forty patients of carcinoma breast with clinically negative axilla underwent pre-operative ultrasonography to identify axillary nodes with suspicion of metastatic involvement. Identified nodes were marked on the skin by a permanent marker and depth from the surface was recorded. The patients underwent mastectomy/breast conservation surgery with axillary dissection. The pre-operatively marked nodes were first dissected out under guidance of the skin markings and subsequently complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed. Based on histopathological correlation, accuracy of UGANS was calculated taking ALND as the gold standard.Results: Thirty eight (95%) patients had successful marking of axillary nodes by ultrasonography (USG) (Mean 3.89 nodes). Thirty four (85%) patients had successful sampling of marked nodes (Mean-3.76 nodes). There was a higher rate of sampling failure in patients with negative axilla ( 3/17, 17.6%) than those with axillary metastasis ( 1/21, 4 .76% ). Patients in whom marked nodes could not be localized were mostly young (mean age 39 years), had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) score ( mean 31.38 Kg/m2 versus 24.84 kg/m2 , p = 0.006), and smaller size of marked nodes ( mean 0.99 cm in failure group versus 1.03 cm in successful group). The nodes sampled with USG guidance reflected the status of axilla with accuracy of 100%Conclusion: The present study establishes the feasibility and accuracy of UGANS as a potential cost effective axillary staging modality in low resource settings. However, more studies with a larger sample size are required to validate these initial results. Contribution/ Originality
This paper analyzes environmental conservation and use of economic incentives to conserve biological resources in Nigeria. Conservation refers to the management of human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to present generations while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations. Its compliments are preservation, maintenance, sustainable utilization, restoration and enhancement of the natural environment. It is concerned with plants, animals, microbes, and with the non-living elements of the eco-systems which sustain them. The varieties of ecological system in Nigeria create an endowment of biological resources of which the nation is justifiably proud of. The conservation of these resources for the benefits of the present and future generations has been practiced with little attention given to develop a crop specialist (ecologists) to handle the subject. Under this situation the urgency of conservation programmes can no longer be denied. The establishment of the National Resources Conservation Council by the Nigerian Government is a welcome idea. Working together, it should be possible to achieve the goal of conservation namely that human survival and sustainable economic development depend fundamentally on proper maintenance of renewable resources; vegetation and forest, water, marine and fisheries resources as well as wild animals and soil resources. The paper finally looks at the values of biological resources, the cost of protecting biological resources and the status of conservation practices. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few empirical studies which have investigated environmental conservation and use of economic incentives to conserve biological resources in Nigeria. The paper employs descriptive method of analysis on the use of economic incentives to conserve biological resources. The paper’s primary contribution is in the area of the existing literature on environmental conservation and resources management. Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 3
Analytical Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Residual Resistance Loss of Broken Wire Ropes Lifting
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Review of Energy Technologies and Policy Research
The lifting wire ropes are hierarchically complex structures, very helpful and widespread in heavy manufacturing roofs, lifting systems, mining industry, offshore structure, electric lines, elevators, suspension bridges and transmission towers. Generally, the metallic cables structure provides solutions particularly interesting and spectacular to current problems faced by industries, which are called regularly to perform tasks for mechanical handling in steps of manufacturing product. The repetitive nature of these tasks, rather than decreasing the risk of accidents, helps to accentuate them by a sort of addiction to risk.In this context, the wire ropes are a prime target of brutal damage, compared to conventional structures. More generally; the sudden failure is the major cause of cables degradation. Industrial experience shows that the failure of much of their hoisting ropes in use is most commonly due to cumulative damage of wires. This is particularly insidious due to its hidden nature; it can lead to significant reduction in strength capacity of wire ropes over time, which can sometimes lead to their total or partial rupture.In order to optimize the residual resistance loss of a lifting wire rope, we propose a study of rupture impact of its wires on the loss of residual strength elastic. The results of tests allow a comparison between the loss of ultimate strength and residual strength loss residual elastic, so as to determine the normalized resistance and estimate the damage. The results of this work would be operated to establish the bond between reliability as being a statistical size and the damage by artificial damage observed and caused by cyclic requests. Contribution/ Originality
This paper examined the accessibility of healthcare services to the people in the South Eastern Nigeria. The reason behind the study is to assess how the people make timely use of the health services according to their need. This is related to physical distance and travel time from service delivery point to the user and also how the healthcare services are able to cover the population of the study area. Data used were obtained from National Bureau of Statistics and the population commission. Data revealed that there are more privately owned health facilities in the area. It also revealed that the total number of hospitals (government, private and community owned hospitals put together do not adequately cover the population of the area they are meant to cover. These inadequate health facilities have implications for the total health status and wellbeing of the indigenes of the south east. Recommendations were made on how to tackle this inadequacy if the millennium development goals will be realised. Contribution/ Originality
This study gives a clear picture of the healthcare facilities in the South East vis a viz the population of the area. It equally serves as a guide and reliable source of information to the government and other stakeholders so that adequate healthcare facilities be provided for the study area. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 12-2014 Issue: 4
Various Influence of Active Сhemical Additives on Hydrogen and Hydrocarbons Combustion
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research
It is experimentally revealed that the methane combustion inhibitor CCl4 shows no effect on the lower ignition limit of hydrogen combustion. It is established that small amounts (~10-1 %) of chromium hex carbonyl promote combustion of 2H2 + O2 mixture, which manifests itself in increase in the propagation velocity of the flame, thus inhibition of oxidation of isobutene by this additive takes place. Therefore the role of hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon oxidation is not significant and may result at least in participating in longer reaction chains than in hydrogen oxidation. It means that the kinetic mechanism of inhibiting combustion of hydrocarbons by carbonyls suggested in the literature based on accounting for termination of hydrogen atoms should be refined. Contribution/ Originality
To prolong the shelf life postharvest jujube, the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on senescence of postharvest jujube in relation to active oxygen metabolism was investigated. Jujubes were fumigated with CO gas at 5, 10, 20 or 40μmol/L for 1 h, and then stored for 30 days at room temperature. Changes in membrane permeability, malonaldehyde (MDA), H2O2, O2•− content, and activities of active oxygen metabolism associated enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in fruit were measured. The results indicated that a little of CO could exhibit positive physiological effect on controlling senescence of winter jujube during storage. The study further showed that fumigating jujube fruit with 10 μmol/L CO could reduce increase of MDA content and the relative membrane permeability, effectively inhibit oxidative damage to lipids, decrease H2O2 and O2•− content and maintain high activities of SOD, CAT and POD. The present data suggest that exogenous CO treatment might delay the jujube fruit senescence by regulating active oxygen metabolism. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents for the first time the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on H2O2, O2•− content and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) in relation to active oxygen metabolism during senescence of postharvest jujube. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 12-2014 Issue: 2
Improving SME’s Capacity through Learning and New Technologies
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
Economic pressure and other pressure issues faced by small and medium sized companies (SMEs) require continuous improving of their capacities, of staff knowledge, of training and learning to survive or stay competitive. This issue is at the top of European, national and regional policies. But due to limited resources, often managers reduce learning activities and using new technologies in their companies. Blended learning is a suitable way to learn in SMEs to increase their efficiency, to keep up competitiveness/surviving of the companies. Scenario-based learning is one method to be used in blended learning in order to improve learner engagement and problem understanding.Cloud computing is one of the emerging ICT trends in the past seven years. It has received much hype particularly in the past two years, with many companies considering the efficiency of cloud computing for their business, reduced costs, and easy access of data and particularly of new emerging ICT applications with little overhead.This paper contributes in the existing literature with results of interviews and case studies within projects aimed at problems of SMEs like suitable learning methods, advantages of cloud computing for SMEs efficiency and presents examples. The paper’s primary contribution is finding that blended learning is a suitable form for increasing competitiveness of SMEs and could be used also by introducing cloud services which will change the landscape of business also in SMEs in the next years. Contribution/ Originality
The paper shows how European projects and cooperative work with participation of actors from different sectors can contribute to improving competitiveness and growth of SMEs Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 9
Dividend Policy Relevancy in Theoretical and Practical Economics
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
The foremost purpose of this paper is to concisely explain to individuals teaching economics in an academic setting or using economics in a practical setting some of the basics of long run financial theory focusing on the dividend policy decision of a corporation. The main motivation for this study is based on observations of economists being very deficient in the discipline of finance especially in long run financial concepts. Many times practitioners or academics who are educated in the area of economics lack any type of background in finance and therefore are deficient with their knowledge of financial theory and applications. This disconnect prevents using many financial applications in their own classes, in their own businesses or with their own research. This paper serves as a primer to some of the long run dividend policy theories that individuals can use as a starting point to their additional research, study or use in teaching. Areas related to dividend policy and financial theory in general can be utilized by economists in academia and the private sector to enhance and advance their professional careers. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature by demonstrating the usual disconnect between the disciplines of finance and economics. The paper illustrates that economists can gain substantially from a basic knowledge of financial theory. The contribution here emphasizes the dividend policy decision that corporations must make. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 9
S-Dimensional Assets Portfolio Evaluation
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
An approach to calculate the upper limit to any given portfolio with s assets (corporate stocks or government bonds) in it is provided, which does not require the relative weight of each asset in the portfolio. The value obtained is contrasted with the traditional weighting approach to calculate the portfolio’s value. The process followed is the scientific method, starting with observation and hypothesis and after analyzing two examples, a synthesis is performed by generalizing the concepts and the main thesis that the Pythagorean approach here proposed constitutes an upper limit for the portfolio’s value. Contribution/ Originality
This study uses a new estimation methodology to calculate the upper limit value of a portfolio of assets without the need to incorporate the weight of each asset. If there are no weights assigned to each asset, this upper limit may be the only way to calculate the portfolio’s value. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 9
Gender and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Library Staff in Private University Libraries in Ogun State, Nigeria
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Journal of New Media and Mass Communication
This paper examined the influence of gender on job satisfaction among library staff in private university libraries in Ogun State, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population was made up of 162 library staff in seven private university libraries. Sampling was enumerative as all members of the population were given the opportunity to participate in the study. A questionnaire was used for data collected which was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed moderate level of job satisfaction across gender with male making up 27.2%, and females 35.1% of the total percentage of 62.3% for job satisfaction. Gender was found to have no significant influence on job satisfaction while other factors such as stringent conditions for promotion, denied access to benefits and lack of job security were identified as major constraints to job satisfaction. Based on the findings, the study recommends that library administrators adopt a policy of equal treatment for each gender and review the conditions attached to promotion, among others as measures for enhancing job satisfaction. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature on job satisfaction among librarians. While a number of studies have considered various other factors that may or may not contribute to librarians’ job satisfaction, this study considered the gender dimension. It has revealed that gender does not influence librarians’ level of job satisfaction. Social Sciences » Journal of New Media and Mass Communication » Month: 03-2014 Issue: 1
Diversity, Use Pattern and Management of Forest Resources in the Eastern Himalaya: A Case Study of Mizoram, India
This paper examines forests diversity, their use pattern and management in the Eastern Himalaya with a case study of Mizoram state. The Eastern Himalaya is one of the bio-diversity hotspots of the world where the forest diversity varies from the tropical rainforest to temperate and alpine types because of the altitudes. In the case study area i.e. Mizoram, forest types vary from tropical evergreen forests to montane and temperate with rich biodiversity. Forests are lifeline for livelihoods sustainability in Mizoram as it is the second largest source of income after agriculture. Total forestland is 90.68%. They are conserved by the community people and the state forest department. Even, the whole country received decrease in forestland; Mizoram has registered about 1.4% increase. A study on forest cover and changes in the eight sister states of the Eastern Himalaya during the last decades was carried out to penetrate the current status of forest. Data from the secondary sources were gathered largely from the Forest Survey of India (FSI) 1991, 2001 and 2011. Similarly, data from the Department of Environment and Forest, Government of Mizoram on forest diversity and their distribution were also collected. Further, wide range of discussion was made with the officials working in the forest department and with the local people to elaborate the other aspects of forest resources such as use pattern of forest products. Personal observations on forest diversity use pattern and management of forest resources in Aizawl district was also carried out. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes the existing literature of forest resources in the Eastern Himalaya with spec Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Forests » Month: 03-2014 Issue: 1
Selected Saturated Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Their Properties in Relationship of Resistance of Butyl-Rubber Polymeric Materials
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Advances in Life Science and Technology
The article describes how to test isolative resistance times of the protective folio based on a polyamide carrier fabric coating with butyl-rubber polymer mixture measured by the linear substituted saturated chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Information about quality of means of isolative protection is very important. Their availability may be limited, and therefore, in some cases will need to rely on the value of breakthrough times for basic hydrides of hydrocarbons, which are not substituted. Contribution/ Originality
Achieving sustainable solutions to today’s burning environmental problems like atmospheric pollution, waste management etc requires some effective long term result oriented actions. These can be correlated with energy resources generations and its uses. An understanding of laws of Physics particularly thermodynamics laws can help in providing a sustainable solution to these serious problems. This article discuss how efficient energy resources utilization is related to waste and environmental problems. The renewable energy appear to provide an effective solution to waste production and its management . The various laws of physics give an idea of their future energy utilization patterns. These laws do not offer complete solution to such waste production and environmental degradation but provide ways to minimize them to such an extent that it remains within the limit of human tolerance. This can also show that efficient and economic utilization of energy resources particularly renewable energy can results in sustainable solution to waste. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that it is renewable source of energy not only produce waste within tolerance limit but also help in managing many environmental issues. Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 3
Applied Optimization and Approximation
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Mathematical Research
The present work deals with optimization in kinematics, generalizing previous results of the author. A second theme is maximizing the constrained gain linear function and minimizing the constrained cost function. Elementary notions of optimal control are considered as well. Finally, polynomial approximation results on unbounded subsets in several variables are applied to the moment problem. The existence of the solution of a two dimensional moment problem is characterized in terms of quadratic forms. Contribution/ Originality
The paper contributes the first logical analysis of the problems solved in the theorems 2.1, 2.2 (optimization in kinematics), 3.3 (minimization of the total cost), Lemma 4.2 (approximation), Theorem 4.3 (solving the moment problem). The paper’s primary contribution is finding that suitable polynomial approximation yields solving the multidimensional moment problem. This study documents how practical and theoretical problems can be solved. Arts and Education » International Journal of Mathematical Research » Month: 08-2014 Issue: 4
Abstract