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The debate as to what drives return on asserts has remained unabated. Contextual reports have shown that despite organizations declaring several corporate responsibility initiatives to collaborate with the host communities, financial pointers of Oil firms such as, return on assets have maintained fluctuating performance and a steady decline. Thus, this paper probed into the impact investment in community development has on return on assets. The paper employed an Ex-post facto research design with a focus on the population of five multinational oil firms in Nigeria based on availability of data. The study made use of secondary data sourced from the annual reports of the sampled oil companies for a period of ten years (2006 - 2015). The study adopted inferential statistics for panel data analysis. Results revealed that investment in community development had a positive significant impact on ROA (R2 = 0.44, t-statistic is -3.486992 and p = 0.0011) of multinational oil companies in the Niger Delta Nigeria. The study recommended that management of companies should adopt viable strategies to explore community development for the host communities and improve companies host communities’ liaison to achieve sustainable development and guarantee enabling business operating environment in return. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes empirically to existing works on investment in community development and return on assets in Nigeria by applying panel data analysis in order to intellectualize the impact of the predictor variable on the dependent to achieve sustainable development for both the host communities and the organization. Social Sciences » International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Revenue Management Practices and their Impacts on Financial Performance of Star-Rated Hotels in Kenya
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences
The study's goal was to investigate how revenue management (RM) techniques affect the financial performance of Kenya's star-rated hotels. The study aimed to examine if RM policies and implementation, the RM team, the application of RM methodologies, RM data and information, and the use of pricing and non-pricing instruments were all factors. The study used a cross-sectional survey research methodology and took a quantitative approach. The survey included 137 revenue managers from Kenyan all-star hotels. The structural equation modeling was used to test the linkages; revenue management strategies have an impact on hotel financial success, according to the research. The results indicated that RM practices explain variation in financial performance indicators by 42.7 percent (R2 =0.427), improved financial performance by 48.4 percent (R2 =0.48.4), and overall performance by 47.4 percent (R2 =0.474). The article recommends that hotels adopt RM tactics to fully achieve and maximize financial performance, including reducing operational expenses, forecasting hotel growth, improving yields, and generating income. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes to the existing literature and provides the empirical evidence that strengthens the collective evidence for conceptualizing and describing revenue management practices and their impacts on hotels' financial performance. The study laid the foundation for advanced future studies related to revenue management practices in hotels. Social Sciences » International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Blockchain technology was first introduced as Bitcoin’s underlying technology which is one type of distributed ledger that consists of replicated, shared, and synchronized data over the Internet. This study extends prior studies on blockchain. A fundamental framework for a blockchain research classification was proposed by analyzing 230 articles related to the study of blockchain published in Asia and around the world from 2016 to 2020. The study applies a comprehensive meta-analysis based on findings, literature sources, research objectives, research methods, and context. The objective of the study is to summarize the current blockchain research, its constraints, and future trends. Meta-analysis is characterized by the process of theory construction. It is a powerful tool to analyze the literature in a descriptive form which will guide for further study. Research shows that the study at home is more decentralized, non-systematic, and has failed to gain a certain research depth—Moreover, it lacks quantitative analysis. Future research will focus on digital currency, Internet financing, and the risk of blockchain technology research. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the previous studies in the period of 2016-20 which help us to comprehend the scope of study on blockchain. Economics » Financial Risk and Management Reviews » Month: 03-2021 Issue: 1
Structure Rearrangement of an Introductory Course for General Shipping Education
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: World Journal of Vocational Education and Training
A literature on maritime education is at the corner side, comparing with large amount of works on business and management topics. However, the importance of forming and updating a maritime education system should not be neglected, leaving a research gap for academic discussion. This paper is a continuation of an introductory course design study in a maritime university (Wang, Zhang, Ge, & Chao, 2021). In the last paper, we deal with the content selection problem for general shipping education. The content of shipping education relies heavily on the practice. Evolved with the internal and external environment change of shipping industry, the structure of the course designed before cannot fully comply with the industrial requirements. This paper aims to rearrange the course structure by increasing the student and practitioner engagement, where the student preference and industrial requirements are both considered. The Entropy-TOPSIS model is applied to evaluate the contents of each module. It is shown that students and practitioners are very sensitive to the different modules; the common and divergent perspectives were identified. Finally, the proportion of each content was adjusted accordingly based on the results of the measurement. The main contribution is to provide a possible solution for the course reform of general shipping education. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the curriculum design of general shipping education. The primary contribution is providing a method for structural rearrangement with the engagement of students and practitioners, which enhance its reliability and applicability. Arts and Education » World Journal of Vocational Education and Training » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Soil Properties and Growth of Maize as Affected by Slope Position and Fertilizer Type on Coastal Plain Sands
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research
A study was conducted to determine the effects of slope position and fertilizer type on soil properties and growth of maize (Zea mays) on Coastal Plain Sands of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Results obtained showed that soils of lower slope (LS) had the highest contents of clay and silt compared with those of upper slope (US) position. Bulk density of the upper slope soil and that of the middle slope (MS) soils were significantly higher (P?0.05) than that of LS soil and subsequently, total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) increased downslope. Bulk density of soils that received poultry manure (PM) and NPK+PM were significantly reduced compared to those of NPK and control while total porosity and Ksat of soils that received PM and NPK+PM were significantly higher (P?0.05) than those of NPK and control. Soils of LS had highest pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, ECEC compared to those of MS and US. The application of poultry manure yielded increase in soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and ECEC when compared to soils of NPK and control. Growth of maize obtained with LS were consistently higher than those of the MS and US soils. Soils of LS that received NPK and NPK+PM had consistently similar maize growth, higher than other combinations of slope position and fertilizer type. The complementary application of poultry manure and NPK 15:15:15 can be the best option for increasing the fertility of soils with varying slope positions on Coastal Plain Sands. Contribution/ Originality
This is one of very few studies that have investigated the combined effect of slope position and fertilizer type on soil properties and crop growth and has demonstrated the possibility of soil improvement and crop growth in across varying slope positions through the complementary organic and inorganic fertilizers application. Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 12-2021 Issue: 4
Analysis of Factors Affecting Capital Structure and the Impact on LQ-45 Share Price in 2015-2018
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
This study aims to test and analyze the factors that affect the capital structure and its impact on the LQ-45 Share Price in 2015-2018. Research data is annual data for an observation period of 4 years (2015 to 2018). The sampling method used was purposive sampling. From a population of 45 companies, 31 companies meet the criteria to be sampled. The analysis method used in this research is regression panel data. The results showed that the Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Net Profit Margin together (simultaneously) have a significant effect on the Debt Equity Ratio and Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Net Profit Margin, and Debt Equity Ratio together ( simultaneous) has a significant effect on Share Prices. Partially, Return on Assets has a significant negative effect on Debt Equity, Return on Equity significantly positive effect on Debt Equity Ratio while Net Profit Margin has zero results on Debt Equity Ratio In Part, Return on Assets, Return on Equity and Net Profit Margin have no significant effect because of Share Prices and Debt Equity Ratio has a significant negative result on Share Prices. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated factors affecting capital structure and the impact on share price. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 05-2021 Issue: 5
Evaluation of Iron Concentration of Five Nigerian Shrubs for their Prospective use in the Therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)
Medicinal herbs are commonly being used in the treatment of anemia traditionally and Jatropha tanjorensis Ellis & Saroja, Vernonia amygdalina Delile, Manihot esculenta Crantz, Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau, Solanum macrocarpon L. are local shrubs mostly employed. This study aims to analyze the prospective use of some local shrubs in the therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia. The proximate composition analysis and the iron content in leaves of the shrubs were determined following the methods of the association of official analytical chemists (A.O.A.C). The results obtained for iron concentration show Jatropha tanjorensis 3.11g/kg, Vernonia amygdalina 1.64g/kg, Manihot esculenta 0.57g/kg, Megaskepasma erythrochlamys 1.23g/kg, and Solanum macrocarpon 2.75g/kg. The range of proximate composition as; protein had Megaskepasma erythrochlamys as the lowest value 3.97% and Vernonia amygdalina as the highest value 50.64%, fat & oil content showed Jatropha tanjorensis with the highest value 1.04% and Megaskepasma erythrochlamys having the lowest value 29.77%, Fiber content showed Vernonia amygdalina has the highest value 1.81% and Solanum macrocarpon has the lowest 12.08%, the carbohydrate content showed Megaskepasma erythrochlamys as the lowest value 2.39% and Manihot esculenta as the highest value 21.02%, and the moisture content showed Manihot esculenta has the lowest value 9.98% and Megaskepasma erythrochlamys has the highest value 83.25%. All five plants have great potential for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature of plants as remedy to Anemia by using spectrophotometer to reveal the amount of iron content and hence, the efficiency of the plants in combatting Iron Deficiency Anemia. Medical Sciences » Journal of Nutrients » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Effects of Orienteering Game on Directional Relationships and Inhibitory Control in Children 7-8 Aged
The spatial orientation, ability is very important for the child, for the development of its executive functions such as inhibitory control and directional skills. In fact, the role of play as a locomotive for learning and motivation is very imperative in this age group. Our methodological choice consists of offering a teaching program around the orientation game (OG) that takes place in the school playground. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of OG on directional skills and inhibitory control. The assessment was respectively conducted by Topological and Directional Relation (RTD) and Stroop Color-Word Test -Victoria version (SCWT). Primary school students (N = 40; 7.3 years) participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: an experimental group (20 students) and a control group (20 students). The first group followed a 12-week orienteering game (OG) program with 3 sessions of 40 minutes per week and the second a regular physical education program. The results of the experimental group show a clear improvement in most of the study variables. Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution is highlights the importance of play in the spatial and cognitive development of children, it comes in particular to measure the effect of orientation play on executive functions such as inhibitory control and directional skills. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 12-2021 Issue: 2
Proposal for an Analytical Model for Sports Migration
The purpose of this study was to present a proposal for an analytical model for sports migration studies is presented. The model was developed by sports Researchers located in Brazil and seeks to broaden the perspective of the migratory phenomenon in the social field of sports. The model is based on the understanding that the migration process in the sports sector is influenced and shaped by a set of four dimensions, namely, political, cultural, economic, and personal. It is believed that the proposal is legitimized by the needs identified from the literature, adding different perspectives to analyse the phenomenon, thus reducing any dichotomies and limitations of view. In addition to being a point of view that starts from the perspective of the global south. Contribution/ Originality
The contributions provided by this manuscript refer to new ways of looking at and analysing the phenomenon of sports migration. The originality of the model presented is found in its search for a broader understanding of the phenomenon of migration, based on different dimensions of analysis. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 12-2021 Issue: 2
Green Supply Chain Management and Firm Performance: Evidence from Ghana’s Food Production and Processing Industry
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences
Based on the Natural Resource Based View (NRBV), this study examines the relationship between Green Supply Chain Management practices and Firm performance in response to calls for empirical evidence from developing country contexts, and the need to consider the Triple Bottom Line approach to sustainability performance measurement. The study is conducted among Food production and processing firms in Ghana. A structured questionnaire was administered to a Senior Manager in each of the respective organizations. Based on data collected from 94 firms, this study uses OLS regression to examine the relationship between GSCM implantation and operational, environmental, social, and economic firm performance. The results indicate a positive relationship between GSCM implementation and all four firm performance dimensions. This suggests that it is in the best interest of managers to deploy resources towards the implementation of green initiatives, as there are potential gains to be made in the long run. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the scholarly discussion on whether it pays to be green. We provide empirical evidence from a developing economy in Sub Saharan Africa. The study is one of the few to include all dimensions of sustainability performance (environmental, social and economic) in a single model. Social Sciences » International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Women in Parliament and Public Health Expenditure: Evidence from Sub-Saharan African Countries
The linkages between women in politics and economic development have received significant attention from policymakers and researchers. There is a consensus in political economy literature that women are more sociable than men and that the higher number of females in parliament is associated with lower levels of corruption, better quality of environment and a higher level of economic growth. This paper investigates the effect of female representation on public health expenditure on a panel of 40 sub-Saharan African countries from 1995 to 2014. The empirical evidence is based on the ordinary least squares (OLS) method and the instrumental variables (IV-2SLS). The results show that a higher number of women in parliament increases the share of public spending devoted to health. Based on these results, several policy implications can be drawn. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing studies by providing one of the first empirical study on the effect of political representation of women on public health expenditure in Sub Saharan Africa. Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 12-2021 Issue: 2
Evaluating the Effects of Temporal Distance on Tourists Decision-Making Processes
Kenya’s tourism continues to rely heavily on wildlife. Of the approximately 922,000 annual international arrivals during the peak season between June and October, nearly 738,000 head for the Maasai Mara National Game Reserve to witness the seventh wonder of the world, the annual wildebeest migration. Several studies have been conducted based on construal level theory to establish the effect of temporal distance using various factors that determine travel decisions. However, to date, no study has been carried out to establish the effect of temporal distance on destination choice decision-making. As tourism consumption involves making a purchase decision now for a future point in time, this study evaluated the effects of temporal distance on the destination choice decision-making based on the construal level theory framework. The study adopted the survey approach based on a confirmatory research design. Using a sample of 144 drawn from a population of 230 tourists, data was collected and analyzed using correlation, ANOVA, and regression methods. The findings revealed that temporal distance has a positive and significant effect on decision-making regarding destination choice based on levels of construal measured through R=0.324; R2=0.105; ? = 0.295; t= 3.024 > +2; F=9.145; and p=0.003<0.05. The study revealed that temporal distance has a significant effect on the decision process of choosing a destination. In conclusion, therefore, marketing communications targeted at tourists should be intensified well in advance of the season envisioned for traveling to increase the desirability of the destination and thus, influence more tourists to choose the destination. The study also contributes valuably to the literature on tourists’ destination choosing decisions based on temporal distance in the construal level theory framework. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes to the existing literature on tourists’ choice of a destination by taking into consideration the effect of temporal distance by adopting the Construal Level Theory (CLT), which has not yet been adopted in service industries such as tourism. And more so in a developing country like Kenya. Business & Management » Journal of Tourism Management Research » Month: 12-2021 Issue: 2
Econometric Analysis of Dutch Disease Implication of China-Africa Trade
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Quarterly Journal of Econometrics Research
This study revisits the analysis of the Dutch disease implication of China-Africa trade for Africa’s non-mineral resources sectors; specifically, manufacturing and agricultural sectors, while focusing on the trade relationship between China and 27 African countries for the period of 19years, 2001 to 2019. This prompted an econometric analysis with the use of two-step dynamic (difference and system) panel Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) models, which was also complemented with dynamic least squares panel econometric regression. The preliminary analysis revealed that Ethiopia is the largest African trading partner with China, with an average of about 21percent China-Ethiopia trade ratio, while Botswana has the least trade relation with China, with 1.5percent Botswana-China trade ratio. The result of our econometric analyses suggests that higher China-Africa trade has the potential to reduce Africa’s manufacturing value-added. In other words, China-Africa trade is not causing Dutch disease in Africa but has the potential to cause Dutch disease in the future. Furthermore, the result suggests that higher China-Africa trade has the potential to increase Africa’s agricultural sector productivity. This implies that China-Africa trade has no tendency of causing Dutch disease in the agricultural sector. Our results are robust to different data structures for the dynamic GMM model. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated the Dutch disease implication of China-Africa trade for African countries. It focused on sectoral growth rather than the aggregate growth of the economy and also employed two-step dynamic (difference and system) panel Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) models. Economics » Quarterly Journal of Econometrics Research » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Effect of Beneficial Soil Microbes on Growth and Yield of Celery in Volcanic Soil of West Java
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Current Research in Agricultural Sciences
Soil beneficial microbes have a critical role in plant growth. Inoculating biofertilizer is suppose essential for supporting the plant performance and hence plant yield. The objective of field experiment was to verify the growth and production of celery (Apium graveolens L.) after biofertilizers application. The experiment had been performed in a plastic house in the mountainous area of tropical volcanic soil of West Java, Indonesia. The field trial was carried out in a Completely Randomized Block Design to test two microbial-coated urea formulas and a mixed biofertilizer. The control treatment was Nitrogen-Phosphorous-Potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer. All treatments were replicated three times. The celery was growing in low Nitrogen but high Phosphor and Potassium soil during the dry season. The field trial verified that plant height and biomass as well as yield of celery didn’t depend on fertilizer treatments. Nonetheless, this trial founded that both microbial-coated urea and mixed biofertilizer can replace the NPK fertilizer to produce a same yield of celery. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes to the existing literatures of biofertilizer application of celery productivity in the tropical mountainous area. The field experiment performed in shading field showed the increase of celery productivity in tropical area under either fertilizer or biofertilizer application. Agricultural Sciences » Current Research in Agricultural Sciences » Month: 12-2021 Issue: 2
Analysis of Smallholder Farmers Repayment of Bank of Agriculture Loan in Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria (2009-2018)
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research
Smallholder farmer’s repayment of Bank of Agriculture (BOA) loan in Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State was studied using 120 smallholder farmer beneficiaries selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected from primary source only using structured questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed default of 32.3% as out of N333, 997,620.50 were disbursed to the farmers a total of N226, 080,887.00 were repaid. However, the socioeconomic characteristics of the loan beneficiaries contributed about 75 % (R2 = 0.754) significant influence on repayment of Bank of Agriculture loan. Meanwhile, high interest rate, excessive bureaucracy, high rate of illiteracy, late approval of loan, lack of collateral, short payback period, and low farm output were identified as the major constraints to the repayment of BOA loan. It is recommended that as a measure to promote efficient and timely repayment of BOA loans by the farmers, management of BOA should address the institutional factors such as high interest rate, excessive bureaucracy and late approval of loan, high-value collateral and short payback period that were identified as the major constraints to BOA loan repayment. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature on the repayment of Bank of Agriculture loan. It establishes that there is low repayment of BOA loan by the smallholder farmers in Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 12-2021 Issue: 4
Evaluating the Impact of Audio-Visual Media on Learning Outcomes of Drawing Orthographic Projections
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
This study aimed to evaluate learning outcomes of drawing orthographic projections between two groups of students: one group that learnt orthographic projections via audio-visual media and the other group through written material. An experimental design was used to determine the percentage increase in learning outcomes of both methods with factorial values. The samples were students from State Vocational High School (S-VHS) and Private Vocational High School (P-VHS) of Semarang city, Indonesia. The control group and the experimental group had 30 students each. Data analysis was carried out using two-way ANOVA with interaction and descriptive statistics. The results showed that there were significant differences in learning outcomes in orthographic projections. The findings of the study showed the highest increase in learning outcomes was in S-VHS at 61.06% (high category), followed by P-VHS with 52.04% (high category). The P-VHS students who received written teaching materials scored 43.34% (sufficient category), while S-VHS scored 37.86% (enough category). Based on these results, it was concluded that audio-visual media can be used to improve students' competency drawing orthographic projections. Contribution/ Originality
This paper draws the attention of authors and teachers who teach mechanical drawings to help improve learning outcomes. The paper's primary contribution is establishing the use of audio-visual media as a suitable tool to improve the basic competencies of drawing orthographic projection. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 09-2021 Issue: 3
Effects of Green Human Resource Management on Employee Green Behavior: Moderating Role of Employee Environmental Knowledge
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy
The study was conducted with an objective of measuring the effects of green human resource management (green HRM) practices on employee on-the-job and off-the-job green behavior within the context of garments industry in Bangladesh. Moreover, the study tested the moderating effects of employee environmental knowledge on the relationship between green HRM practices and employee on-the-job and off–the-job green behavior. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in order to collect data from the participants. Two hundred and seventy employees working at the managerial level of garments factories in Bangladesh participated in the survey. Moderated regression analysis was employed to test the proposed research model. The study findings revealed that green HRM practices positively and significantly influenced employee on-the-job and off-the-job green behavior. This findings suggest that employee green behavior displayed both inside and outside the organization stem from the learnings and experiences inside the organization. Employee environmental knowledge was also found to moderate the effects of green HRM practices on employee on-the-job and off-the-job green behavior indicating that green HRM effects are stronger in case of environmentally concerned employees. The study findings provide HR professionals and policy makers with the guidance regarding the promotion of employee green behavior for improving environmental performance. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the effects of green HRM practices on both employee on-the-job and off-the-job green behavior which has not been previously incorporated in other studies of green HRM practices. Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 12-2021 Issue: 2
The Optimal Machine Learning Modeling of Brent Crude Oil Price
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Quarterly Journal of Econometrics Research
The price of Brent crude oil is very important to the global economy as it has a huge influence and serves as one of the benchmarks in how other countries and organizations value their crude oil. Few original studies on modeling the Brent crude oil price used predominantly different classical models but the application of machine learning methods in modeling the Brent crude oil price has been grossly understudied. In this study, we identified the optimal MLMD (MLMD) amongst the Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Deep Neural Network (DNN) in modeling the Brent crude oil price and also showed that the optimal MLMD is a better fit to the Brent crude oil price than the classical Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model that has been used in original studies. Daily secondary data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration were used in this study. The results showed that the ANN and DNN models behaved alike and both outperformed the SVR and RF models and are chosen as the optimal MLMDs in modeling the Brent crude oil price. The ANN was also better than the classical ARIMA model that performed very poorly. The ANN and DNN models are therefore suggested for a close monitoring of the Brent crude oil price and also for a pre-knowledge of future Brent crude oil price changes. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is to model the Brent crude oil price using different MLMDs and to show that the optimal MLMD performs better than the classical ARIMA model used in most original studies to model the Brent crude oil price. Economics » Quarterly Journal of Econometrics Research » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1
Nexus of Monetary Policy on Economic Growth: A Study of Ghana
The role of monetary policy instruments has not been explored by most researchers in Ghana; hence this study investigates the impact of monetary policy instruments on economic growth using time series data from 1990 to 2019. In testing for stationarity, augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron unit root tests were employed; Johansen cointegration and error correction mechanism were used in estimating the long- and short-run dynamic of the variables. The results obtained from the estimation revealed a positive and significant impact of money supply and exchange rate on economic growth for both long and short run. Moreover, monetary policy rate, interest rate, and inflation significantly affected growth rate negatively. The results also indicated a bidirectional causal linkage between money supply and growth rate. There was, however, a unidirectional relationship between interest rate and growth, between inflation and growth, and between monetary policy rate and growth in the long run. The study recommends that monetary policy authorities and the Bank of Ghana (BoG) introduce structural reforms and policies that will help create a favorable climate for both domestic and foreign investment. Again, BoG should keep interest rates, policy rates, and inflation in check to prevent shrinking of economic activities, since these have a direct influence on growth. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes to the existing literature on monetary policy and economic growth by considering interest rates, monetary policy rates, and exchange rates in the Ghanaian context. The study checked causal relationships among monetary policy variables and economic growth, which most studies have ignored. Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 12-2021 Issue: 2
Analysis of Arable Farmers Agroforestry Practices in Bokkos Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria
The need to increase arable crop production to keep pace with food demands for a growing population without degrading ecosystems can only be achieved through adoption of agroforestry. Agroforestry practices help to achieve food security, biodiversity, conservation and land sustainability. The 94 famers were chosen using a multistage sampling process. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Most (74%) of respondents practiced home gardening. The significant benefits derived from agroforestry were; food/fruits (97%) and soil improvement/conservation (88%). The mean adoption index was 0.27. The log-likelihood obtained from Tobit was 67.92 indicating that the independent variables significantly explained the variation in the farmers adoption decision. Educational level (?=0.426) and farm experience (?=0.597) were both positive and statistically significant at ??0.05; farm income (?=0.568) was significant at ??0.01, and extension contact (?=-0.887, ??0.01) was negative and had a negative impact on agroforestry adoption. The constraints affecting the practice of agroforestry among arable farmers were; poor policies, inadequate extension services, insufficient improved tree species among others. The study recommends intensification of extension services and provision of incentives to farmers to promote agroforestry adoption to achieve increased food production and sustainable land-use systems. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies which have empirically investigated agroforestry practices among arable farmers for sustainable land-use systems. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Forests » Month: 12-2021 Issue: 2
Abstract