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In this article based on a method of approximating equation an asymptotic solution of the general Riccati ‘s equation is obtained. The principal distinctive feature and advantage of the solution is its continuity at turning points. Estimates of accuracy of the approximate solution are derived. Limit values of the asymptotic solution in case of one-sided convergence of argument to turning point of the first order are calculated. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature. Thus, the results of that study may be applied for solving problems were set up in works [1], [2], [3]. This study is one of very few studies, which have investigated the asymptotic behavior of solutions of Riccati’s equation in the neighborhood of turning points.
The flow problem presented in this paper is to study the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a mixed convection nanofluid flow along a stretching cylinder embedded in a thermally stratified medium are numerically analyzed, with the thermal radiation effects. The governing boundary layer equations of continuity, momentum, energy and concentration are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable local similarity transformations. The coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations are solved by the implicit finite difference method along with the Thomas algorithm. The effect of various material parameters such as buoyancy parameter, solutal buoyancy parameter, Prandtl number, radiation parameter, Schmidt number, curvature parameter, magnetic parameter, stratification parameter, Brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented in graphs. Physical quantities such as skin friction coefficient, Nusselet number and Sherwood number are also computed. Contribution/ Originality
The primary contribution of this paper is finding that the effects of nanofluid on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a mixed convection along a radiative stretching cylinder embedded in a thermal stratified medium. Aim of this paper is to develop a computational procedure.
This study examined the presence of dioxins – a persistent organic pollutant in domestic and burnt tyre waste residues and it’s comparison with German safety limits at the Gosa dumpsite in Abuja, Nigeria. The period of sampling and analysis was between January and March, 2011. Burnt tyre ashes and burnt solid waste residues from the dump sites were chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of the seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furan congeners in absolute quantities using high resolution capillary column gas chromatography and low resolution mass spectrometry. The result of the analysis performed using the International Toxic Equivalent Factor (NATO/CCMS) for the calculation of the individual Toxic Equivalent Quotients (TEQs) of the seventeen 2,3,7,8- substituted dioxins and furan congers and a summation of the individual I-TEQs per sample shows that there is significant quantity of about 44 ng/kg TM of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a contaminant in Agent Orange, in one out of the five (1/5) analyzed samples. The maximum Total Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCCD/F) concentration recorded in this study was 1,350 ng/kg TM from sample Point 3. This was greater than the German Federal Soil Protection and Contamination Sites Ordinance (GFSPCSO) for Total PCDD/F equivalents for target concentration, agricultural, playground and residential landuse (which dominate the area under study) but less than its industrial landuse equivalent. There was also the presence of dioxins in the burnt domestic waste analysed with the Total PCDD/F (TEQ) of 6.6 ng/kg TM. The land usage of the area under investigation is closely interwoven across the land mass. Therefore, the results indicate that the population and activities within the area of study are under threat of health hazards that may arise from the high concentration of dioxins recorded by this study. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a better understanding of the potential pollution from burnt tyres and domestic wastes residue in Nigeria’s Federal Capital City. This study adopts the method of chemically analyzing burnt residue of tyres and domestic waste to determine the concentration of the seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furan congeners in absolute quantities using high resolution capillary column gas chromatography and low resolution mass spectrometry estimation.
Resisted sprinting devices have been examined for their effect on sprinting but there is limited research on sled pushing thus leaving a gap in the literature related to this topic. The current study examined the effects of varied push sled loads during repeated sprinting on blood lactate levels, heart rate recovery, and sprint times. Division II female power athletes (softball n = 5, volleyball n = 9), age 19.93 ± .83 years, body mass 70.71 ± 5.39 kg, height 170.29 ± 6.41 cm, and body fat 17.47 ± .04 %, participated in a randomized, repeated measures study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a traditional sprint condition (SPR), sprints pushing an unloaded sled (SLED), along with the following loads of 10 kg, 15 kg, 20 kg, 35 kg, 50 kg and completed each condition over a 7 week period with testing occurring once a week at the same time of day. For each condition, subjects performed 6 sprints over 20 yds with a 35 second passive recovery between each sprint with split times and total times measured. Blood lactate was obtained by a finger prick and was analyzed by a portable lactate analyzer (Accutrend® Lactate) at rest prior to the repeat sprint trials, 3 minutes and 5 minutes post intervals. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences in all mean sprint times and in peak sprint times except in 10 kg and 15 kg conditions. Statistically significant differences were observed in BLA3MIN and BLA5MIN in sprint conditions ≥ 15 kg. The results suggest that repeated push sled sprints ≥ 15 kg load may be beneficial to adapting the fast glycolytic system. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the acute effects of sprinting with pushing a sled of varying loads in female athletes.
The goal of producing concrete that provides long term durability with regard to properties such as strength and reduced susceptibility to alkali-silica reactions has led to the development of several high performance materials. In this research work, the effect of cellulose industrial residue in concrete matrix was investigated. A mix proportion of 1:1:6:3.2 with water-cement ratio of 0.47 were used. The percentage replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with cellulose industrial residue (CIR) is 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Concrete cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm of OPC/CIR were cast and cured at 3,7,28,60 and 90 days respectively. At the end of each hydration period, the three concrete cubes for each hydration period were crushed and their average compressive strength recorded. A total of ninety (90) concrete cubes was cast. The result of the compressive strength test for 5-40% replacement of cement with cellulose industrial residue ranges from 13.02-32.81 N/mm2 as against 25.60-42.08 for the controi test. Similarly, the setting time of 5-40% replacement of cement with CIR ranges from 61-118mins for the initial setting time and 620-836mins for the final setting time as against 52mins and 950mins for the initial and final setting time respectively for the control test (0% replacement). The result of the slump test for 5-40% replacement of cement with CIR ranges from 12-53mm as against 6mm for the control test. The major aim of this research work is to determine the effect of cellulose industrial residue when used at a certain replacement level of cement in concrete matrix. Contribution/ Originality
The material (Cellulose industrial residue) can be used as a pozzolan in concrete production. This research work is original and have not been carried out anywhere.
The design of the multi-component distillation column for processing of Bonny light crude is presented using advanced process simulation software (Aspen Hysys). The steady state design models were developed from Mesh equations and were used to obtain the design parameters based on the principle of conservation of mass and energy. The design parameters were column diameter, column cross sectional area, height of the column, downcomer area, hole area, weir length, wet area and tray spacing. The equations developed are capable of predicting compositions, partial pressures and temperature of the components of interest from the mixtures of crude oil. The accuracy of the design parameters were ascertained by comparing predicted results with literature data of a distillation unit. The simulation of the design models were performed using Aspen Hysys to obtain optimum values of the most significant variables/parameters (column diameters 1.558m, column height 17.048m, cross section area 1.907m2, downcomer area 0.229m2, tray spacing 0.5m, weir length 1.200m, hole area 0.191m2 and wet area 1.678m2). The result obtained from the steady state simulation shows that the feed flow rate, temperature and pressure influence the efficiency of the distillation column. Contribution/ Originality
A model to predict the behavior of an adiabatic tubular fixed-bed reactor for the production of dimethyl ether using alumina catalyst was developed. The steady state model incorporates the reaction rate kinetic expression obtained from literature into the model equations. The models were integrated numerically using Fourth-order Runge-Kutta method incorporated into a computer simulator (MATLAB 7.7 code). Model predictions are compared with data obtained from the literature under the same operating conditions and a good agreement is obtained with a variation ranging from 0.5% to 2.7%. The simulation results show that the production of dimethyl ether is greatly affected by parameters such as temperature, and feed flow rate with optimum yield of DME at a catalyst bed height of 2-4m at a temperature of 557 to 570K. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature by developing model equations that is used in predicting/simulation of functional parameters for optimum yield of DME. Unlike other works which assume isothermal condition, this study assumes an adiabatic condition and could be adopted for simulation of industrial DME plant.
Processing of fruits through radiation, involves exposure to short wave energy to achieve a specific purpose viz. reduced the weight loss and extended the ripening. An experiment was carried out to study the effect of irradiation and storage conditions in Alphonso mango on physiological weight loss and ripening. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design withfactorial concept with three repetitions. There were sixteen treatment combinations of irradiation dose (I1 -0.00, I2 -0.20, I3 -0.40 and I4 -0.60 kGy) and storage temperature (S1-Ambient, S2-90C, S3-120C and S4-CA storage (120C, O2 2%, CO2 3%). The fruits were exposed to gamma radiation for different doses from the source of 60Co at Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai. The data indicated that the fruits irradiated with 0.40 kGy gamma rays (I3) recorded significantly minimum per cent reduction in PLW and extended the ripening. Same pattern noted when fruits kept at 90C storage temperature. In combined effect of 0.40 kGy gamma rays irradiation and 90C storage temperature (I3S2) also recorded maximum reduction in the PLW and ripening per cent throughout the storage period. Contribution/ Originality
This study investigated the influence of laboratory method on students’ mathematical creativity in junior secondary schools in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. The study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses. The Pretest- Postest non-randomise control group design was adopted for the study. A sample of 122 students from two intact classes selected randomly was used for the study. The instruments for data collection were the Mathematics Creativity Test (MCT) and Students Attitude towards Mathematics Questionnaire (SAMQ). The data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation, and the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The result indicated that Laboratory method of teaching significantly enhance students’ creativity in mathematics. The method equally enhanced mathematical creativity of both male and female students. Students’ attitude towards mathematics also influenced mathematical creativity significantly. Among others, it was recommended that mathematics teachers should explore the use of laboratory method in teaching various concepts in Junior Secondary School level. Contribution/ Originality
The study aims at recognizing the problems which gifted students at King Abdullah II Schools for Distinction (KASD) face. The study sample, 240 male and female students, is randomly selected out of the gifted students with a percentage of 50 % of the study society. A forty item questionnaire is prepared to achieve the study objectives. It is distributed into three fields: Problems related to school, to family, and to students. Study results show that problems which KASD students face are rated medium. Problems related to school come first, second those related to students, and finally those related to family. Statistical significant differences are found in the means of study subjects responses according to the gender variable at the two fields of family and school for the males. However, no significant differences are found in the means of the subjects responses according to the school stage variable (basic and secondary). Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature a research conducted about gifted students through three different perspectives; school, family, and students. It uses an estimation methodology provided by the gifted students themselves, their school and their families. The researchers talked to the students before constructing the questionnaire. It also originates new formula in giftedness and distinction. It is among few studies which have investigated gifted students necessary needs and problems. The study contributes the logical mono differential analysis on the study fields and the total instrument. Its primary contribution is finding that the problems gifted students face, are almost the same. Finally, it documents for distinction and gifted students' problems in Jordan and the Arab World.
The aim of this study is focused on the design of ethanol reforming catalyst to produce hydrogen at low-temperature with high ethanol conversion (XEtOH), hydrogen yield (YH2) and low CO distribution. A highly dispersed PtRu/CeO2 catalyst is prepared by impregnation method. Catalytic performance and products distribution toward ethanol reforming reactions is evaluated in a fixed bed reactor. Three processes of ethanol reforming are performed: steam reforming of ethanol (SRE), partial oxidation of ethanol (POE) and oxidative steam reforming of ethanol (OSRE). The results show that the SRE reaction requires high temperature (T > 500 C) to achieve complete ethanol conversion, however, low temperature for both POE and OSRE (T < 300 C) reactions. Analytical results indicate the optimized molar ratios of O2/EtOH and H2O/EtOH are 0.44 and 4.9, respectively. Under this condition, the OSRE reaction over PtRu/CeO2 catalyst is completely converted around 340 C to get 2.3% CO and 4.1 mol H2/mol EtOH. Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution is finding that a highly active catalyst, PtRu/CeO2, used in the reforming of ethanol is designed and evaluates for POE, SRE and OSRE reactions.
Thermochemical decomposition of Ondo tar-sand was carried out at a temperature of between 190–250°C in a constructed metal retort, and a yield of 66.66 % bitumen was obtained. Some important parameters of coal for blend simulation, such as the rheological and agglomerating properties of coal samples from – Garin Maiganga (GMG), Chikila (CHK), Lamza (LMZ), Shankodi-Jangwa (SKJ), Afuzie (AFZ) were determined by Gray-King assay test to assess their suitability for blending in coke making. The results showed that all the coals had poor thermoplastic properties that cannot agglomerate on heating because of their low level of fluidity, even though SKJ had an appreciable coke yield of 82.60 % with coke type C indicating that it was weakly coking. Thereafter, formulation of binary blend of coal-bitumen by weight (10 % bitumen and 90 % pre-heated coal samples at about 150 oC) was carried out. And the feasibility of the blend for industrial coke production was investigated by physico-chemical analysis, which revealed that the coking properties of the blend had been improved: Gieseler fluidity/plastic property in dial division per minute (DDPM) for LMZ = 76; CHK = 15; AFZ = 37; GMG = 18 and SKJ = 390, which might produce metallurgical coke with good chemical and mechanical properties. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the feasibility coal-bitumen blend for production metallurgical coke. It was found that: pyrolysis is a vital tool in processing of tar sand into bitumen; and the bitumen improved the thermo-plastic properties of coal to cokeable level.
The focus of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium alginate coating loaded with ascorbic acid on shelf life of raw pork meat slices, used to prepare skewers. To the aim, the meat samples were first dipped in the sodium lactate solution (40% w/w) and then divided into 3 treatment groups: (i) control samples (dipped meat), (ii) coated meat, (iii) coated meat containing ascorbic acid (i.e. 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm). All samples were packaged under modified atmosphere packaging (50%O2/30%CO2/20%N2) and stored at 4±2°C. The samples were analysed for sensory and microbiological characteristics. The combination of dipping, active coating and MAP improved the sensory quality of packaged skewers. In contrast active coating does not considerable effect in slowing down the growth of spoilage microorganisms. Sample coated with 1500 ppm ascorbic acid displayed the longest shelf life, equal to 8.9 days, which was about 60% longer than the control. Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution is finding that edible active coatings can improve the meat quality by retarding sensorial and microbiological deterioration and functioning as carriers of active compounds. The results suggest that combined the dipping and the active coating with modified atmosphere packaging the freshness of meat is comparatively prolonged.
This study analysed the interconnectedness between economic growth and imports in the short and long run in Zimbabwe from 1975 to 2013. The Zimbabwean economy generally experienced positively associated trend between Gross Domestic Product and imports over the years. For precise and effective policy formulation, it is therefore necessary to understand the nexus between the two mentioned macroeconomic variables. Based on the results of the Johansen causality method, there is a short run unidirectional link between Gross Domestic Product and imports, running from imports to Gross Domestic Product. In the long run no evidence exists for the connection between the two variables according to the Johansen co-integration tests. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature on the relationship between imports and economic growth. This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the causal relationship between imports and economic growth in Zimbabwe over a period of 38 years.
The experiment was conducted in 2014 cropping seasons to study the effect of intra row spacing on yield and yield components of carrot. The crop was grown in July to October (105 days) with five treatments (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 cm) in randomized complete block design with three replications. Root length, leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, and root diameter weight were significantly different among treatments. The maximum root length (20.3 cm), root diameter (59.67 mm), root fresh weight (182. 33g plant-1) and fresh leave weight (129.67 g plant-1) were found in 15 cm spacing, whereas the highest total root yield per hectare was found in treatment 5 and 7.5cm; 55.15, and 54.75 ton, respectively. Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution is finding that to study the effect of intra row spacing on yield and yield components of carrot on field. Then develop a correct intra row spacing to address the issues for carrot growers in Western Shawa of Ethiopia. The input gathered at this study provided an important perspective on the carrot intra row spacing and techniques used on the field.
Novel N,N-di-oxalamide derivatives 1-6 were synthesized and characterized by the spectroscopic techniques. These derivatives showed good antibacterial activities against Gram-negative organism Escherichia coli and Gram-positive organisms Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilus. However, compounds 3 and 4 showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative organism Escherichia coliand Gram-positive organism Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to that, we compared their antibacterial profiles with previously synthesized N,N-di-oxalamide derivatives 7-9. The new compounds showed superior antibacterial activities compared to moderate activities for 7-9. Contribution/ Originality
Currently the target market traditional snack food called “borondong”of Majalaya-Bandung only based on geographic region, with the target market in several areas around Bandung. This situation causes the product looks almost same or a generic product in the consumers perspective that have difficulties to position its brand excellence in consumer perceptions. On the other hand the customer profile of the target market is very diverse both in terms of demographics, lifestyle and behavior. Advantages that are not understood by the consumer will certainly have an impact on the marketing performance of traditional snack food businesses like “borondong” . The purpose of this study was to conduct re-profile consumer snacks food Borondong which is based on differences existing products, demographics and consumer behavior. Results of re-profile customer and the target markets which appropriate for each brand of products is the basis of brand positioning of each product. This research was conducted with descriptive method through surveys descriptive and data analysis using cluster analysis and corespondence analysis and product profile mapping techniques. The results of the research, cluster analysis to form six new segment of the consumer market Borondong, which is the cash cow, the next new hope, the good boy, poor segments, Nice Niche Market and challenging targets. Correspondence analysis resulted in correspondence between the brand with a new positioning attributes. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s contribution is useful for brand communication strategy in the form of creating a brand for traditional snack food entrepreneurs that can improve sales performance of products and building a strong brand
Scedosporium infections have become one of the most common cause of deep mold infections. It has also become a potentially dangerous causative agent of local and invasive infections in immunocompromised and occasionally in immunocompetent patients. It exhibits intrinsic resistance to many antifungals making the treatment difficult, thereby increasing the mortality. We present a case of an immunocompetent patient who came with a swelling on the left upper eyelid with a discharging sinus. A diagnosis of frontal lobe abscess was made and the mucopurulent discharge from the sinus was sent to the microbiology laboratory to know the etiology. The KOH wet mount of this discharge showed the presence of septate hyphal elements and the fungal culture yielded the growth of Scedosporium prolificans.The patient was treated with intravenous voriconazole to which he showed a favourable response. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature with various clinical manifestations of Scedosporium like osteomyelitis, lung infection and infection in the transplant patients. This study is one of very few studies as scedosporium causing frontal lobe abscess…is rare. The paper's primary contribution is finding out the various causes of infections manifesting as a central venous system infection. This study documents that Scedosporium can enter the CNS through nasal septum and can be treated with voriconazole.
The conceptual framework of brand image for the tourism industry is a combination of antecedents and moderators that create differential effects on customer response to the tourism marketing of the brand. By constructing a conceptual framework of brand image for tourism industry will build a competitive advantage in the marketplace that will increase their overall image with long-term sustainability. Indeed, recent trends in modern tourism marketing have changed tremendously, and study of a conceptual framework of brand image for the tourism industry is increasingly becoming considerable to keep pace with this change. In this conceptual paper, we have summarized the literature on currently prevailing concepts and approaches on brand image for the tourism industry that will allow us to identify the conceptual framework of brand image, and therefore will facilitate the tourism industry to enhance their marketing efficiency and effectiveness. Contribution/ Originality
This paper’s contribution or originality is focusing the conceptual framework of brand image for the tourism industry. Indeed, the first time this paper highlights two moderating variables that imply tourism management and advertisement as moderators within the conceptual framework of brand image for the tourism industry.
This paper explored the main features of the legal regulations regarding the protection and use of groundwater in modern Kazakhstan. Other nations experience on these laws in light of negative anthropogenic influences will also be brought forth in the discussion of Kazakhstan’s water sources. These two topics along with related laws put forward by to improve subsoil, will be tied together to present a critical analysis of current water legislation within the Republic of Kazakhstan. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies, which have investigated the problem of legal regulation and protection of groundwater in the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries. The paper contributes the first logical analysis. This paper discusses problems relating to groundwater protection regulation at both the national and international levels.
Abstract