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Background. There is limited data on adjuvant treatment following surgery in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Aims. This retrospective study investigates prognostic value of different factors for local relapse-free survival (LRFS), regional relapse-free survival (RRFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients with oral tongue cancer treated with adjuvant therapy following surgery. Materials and methods. Forty six patients with surgically treated oral tongue cancer were enrolled in the analysis. Adjuvant therapy consisted of postoperative radiotherapy (PO-RT) or postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (PO-CCRT). All patients received three dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Weekly cisplatin was given as concurrent chemotherapy. Identification of prognostic factors for survival was done with univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was used for factors confirmed as significant on univariate analysis. Results. Independent prognostic factors negatively influencing LRFS, DFS, and OS were ECOG performance status (p = 0.002, p = 0.013 and p = 0.022, respectively), overall stage (p = 0.011, p = 0.010 and p = 0.009, respectively), and pathologic nodal classification (p = 0.016, p = 0.011 and p = 0.015, respectively). Surgical margin status was an independent prognostic factor for RRFS, DFS, and OS (p = 0.032, p = 0.027 and p = 0.028, respectively). The type of adjuvant treatment used was independently prognostic for lower rates of LRFS and DFS (p = 0.029 and p = 0.010, respectively).Conclusions. Positive postoperative nodal status and close or positive resection margins had the most prominent negative prognostic influence on patients’ survival. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated potential prognostic factors that might influence treatment outcome exclusively in patients with squamous cell carcinoma originating from the oral tongue whose adjuvant therapy following surgery consisted of postoperative radiotherapy or postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Medical Sciences » Cancers Review » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1
Globalization and Environmental Issues: A New Framework for Security Analysis
This paper is situated within the growing literature on globalization and environment issues as a vital sector in international security. Using a game theoretic approach, it makes hypothetical assumptions on how the impact of globalization on the environment will lead to future security problems in two dimensions- horizontal and vertical. It presents the threat of cross- border pollution between nations sharing geographical boundaries (horizontal dimension) and between developed and developing nations (vertical dimension) as a result of environmental scarcity. Contribution/ Originality
The paper contributes the first logical assumptions on how the environmental impact of the economic agents of globalization will become an issue in future international security. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 12-2014 Issue: 4
Screening of Mycotoxins Producer Fungal and Aflatoxins Level in Dried and Smoked Fish (Clarias Sp.) and (Oreochromis Sp.) from Lake Fitri - Chad
Fish is a protein source of high nourishing value consumed in the entire world. In Saharan countries it is consumed fresh, however as dried or smoked. However, fish is subject to both fungal and mycotoxins contamination. This study aims to identify fungal presumed producing mycotoxin and to evaluate the contamination level of aflatoxins B1, B2, and G2. A total of 150 samples of dried and smoked fish (Clarias sp. and Oreochromis sp.) have been collected in different islands of the Fitri lake. Standard methods of microbiology have been used for fungal isolation and identification. Aflatoxins content in fish has been determined using HPLC associate to GCMS. Fifty samples (50) were contaminated by four major fungal kinds. Frequency of fungal was to 40 % (Aspergillus niger), 26 % (Aspergillus fumigatus), 20 % (Mucor sp), 8% (Curvularia spp) and 6% (Scycadium). Twenty (20) samples suspected to be contaminated and analyzed, only seven (7) was contaminated with aflatoxins (B1, B2 and G2). The aflatoxin contamination level vary according to the fish species. Clarias sp. samples are 50 % contaminated by aflatoxins when Oreochromis sp are 20 % contaminated. Aflatoxins rates ranged from 0.01 to 2.78 and 0.09 to 0.32 µg/Kg respectively for aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B2 for Clarias sp and from 0 to 0.4 µg/Kg of aflatoxin B2 for Oreochromis sp. The mycotoxins level is in average high than the European Union recommendation for dried product. These results call for more sensitization and training for producer for safe dried and smoked fish. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated the contamination level of aflatoxins B1, B2, and G2 in dried and smoked fishes (Clarias sp and Oreochromis sp.) from Fitri lake in Chad. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 03-2019 Issue: 1
Government Borrowing Behaviour: Implications for Private Sector Growth in Nigeria
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy
This study seeks to examine the relationship between government borrowing behaviour and private sector growth in Nigeria. It utilises the Structural Vector Auto-regressions (SVAR) model to analyse the dynamics of government borrowing behaviour on the growth of private sector in Nigeria. The results from impulse response functions and variance decomposition appear to provide evidence that government borrowing behaviour has the tendency of impacting negatively on the effectiveness of private sector grow in Nigeria. This result can be explained, based on the fact that government has higher capacity to borrow than the private sector and this tends to crowd-out private sector in mobilising funds for investment and thus impacted negatively on their capacity to grow. The study, therefore, recommends that both fiscal and monetary authorities should improve on measures and policies that could enhance private sector growth, as higher government debt could create burden for future generations, disrupt movements in interest and exchange rates as well as hinder private investment. Doing this has the potentials of improving performance of private sector and the aggregate economy in Nigeria, since empirical literature is replete with evidence of existence of these channels. Contribution/ Originality
This study improves on the existing literature by examining the channels and extent of the impact of government borrowing behaviour on the private sector growth in Nigeria, as previous literature has shown varying and often conflicting results due to diversity in the structure of the economy and governance. The study, therefore, confronts the existing theories with recent data and tailor-made methodology. Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Exploring Internet of Thing on PCA Algorithm for Optimization of Facial Detection and Tracking
This work was able to integrate Internet of Things expertise on Principal Count Analysis (PCA) algorithm for facial recognition optimization. An internet-based real-time facial recognition system was developed using PCA algorithm that can detect and track faces, a label name that indicates the face identified was also incorporated to easily track the face in situations where multiple faces are identified at the same time. A router was used to set up a wireless connection with an internet protocol (IP)-camera via the IP-camera firmware. As the router broadcast this connection, a link is set up with a personal computer through the network and sharing centre tab on the computer system, thereby creating a wireless connection between the computer and the camera on the internet. Graphical interface designed on MATLAB was used to access the feed from the camera which PCA algorithm explored in detecting and tracking faces in real-time. Security features such as timestamp and database were also integrated with the system developed. Contribution/ Originality
This study integrates PCA algorithm to detect, recognize and match faces detected with a GUI design on MATLAB in real-time. Most importantly a label was created to easily identify the face when multiple faces are detected concurrently. Computer Sciences » Review of Computer Engineering Research » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Feasibility of Chatbot for Mehran UET Examination Department
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Review of Information Engineering and Applications
A chatbot system enables communication between computer and users through natural language. The university students face many problems for the queries and details regarding their examination and it is also difficult for them to physically visit the examination department frequently. The concerned authorities find it challenging to handle thousands of student queries in parallel, thus, consuming a lot of time. At present, majority of the chatbot system are available in English language. Therefore, people who are not fluent in English language cannot use these systems due to the obvious reason of language barrier. This paper focuses on the viability of a chatbot system for the examination department of Mehran University of Engineering Technology (MUET) Jamshoro. The chatbot discussed in this paper has been designed to support both Urdu and English languages. Three chatbot interfaces have been developed, Urdu typing based chatbot, English typing based chatbot and English voice based Chabot. The typing based chatbots (both English and Urdu) have been developed using AIML, and voice based chatbot is based on dialogflow called as API.ai. This study is not only concerned with the development of three interfaces of chatbot systems, but also covers their evaluation. To find best chatbot interface, a survey was conducted with engineering students of MUET Jamshoro. The results revealed that the among the three chatbot interfaces, English typing-based interface is the best due to the usability, easiness and the general understanding of queries. Contribution/ Originality
This paper contribution is twofold, first is the development of a chatbot system that enables communication in Urdu and English languages. Second is the comparison of both chatbots by performing the user testing. Computer Sciences » Review of Information Engineering and Applications » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Studies on Life Fecundity Tables of Tobacco Leaf Eatingcaterpillar, Spodoptera Litura (Fabricius) On Tobacco, Nicotiana Tabacum (Linnaeus)
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Advances in Life Science and Technology
Studies on Life tables of Spodoptera litura, were carried out on bidi tobacco cv ABD-101 under laboratory condition at 26 ± 1 °C temperature at Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat). The results on number of individuals survived during development revealed that there was no mortality during egg stage and the maximum durations of egg, larva and pupa were 4, 22 and 14 days, respectively. The number that survived from 100 eggs to adult emergence was 76. The pre-oviposition period was ranged from 41 to 42 days of pivotal age. Females contributed highest number of progeny (mx = 328.12) in the life cycle on the 45th day of pivotal age. The net reproductive potential (Ro) was 758.93 females with the mean length of generation period (T) of 45.67 days. The innate capacity for increase (rm) and finite rate of increase () were found to be 0.1462 and 1.1574 females/ female/ day, respectively with a weekly multiplication rate (λ)7 of 2.78 times. The hypothetical F2 females were found to be 575974.70. Results on per cent contribution of different growth stages in stable age distribution revealed that the egg stage contributed was maximum (52.64%), while the contribution of larvae, pupae and adults were 45.86, 1.36 and 0.12, respectively at stable age distribution of S. litura on tobacco cv. ABD-101. Contribution/ Originality
Aquaculture is becoming a very important source of income to many people as well as a source of protein in their diets. This study examined the influence of the entrepreneur and enterprise characteristics on small-scale cage fish enterprises in the Asuogyaman and South Dayi Districts. The research employed a descriptive-correlation survey design, which used quantitative method to collect data from 105 owners and managers of small-scale cage fish enterprises. The findings revealed that age of entrepreneurs influenced customer satisfaction as entrepreneurs experience also influenced growth in sales. It was observed that technical know-how, attitude towards work, and managerial skills, had a significant relationship with profitability, and customer satisfaction. Finally, age of the enterprise was found to have a significant relationship with growth in sales. In conclusion, all the variables had positive relationships with enterprise success, but not all the relationships were significant. It is recommended that cage fish farmers should be encouraged to invest more in technical education, which will help improve on the success of their enterprises. Furthermore, farmers should take precautions to reduce the risk of failure to increase their chances of success and survival. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes to existing literature to emphasize the relevance of human resource development in the areas of technical education and entrepreneurs’ attitude towards work to the success of cage fish farming. Therefore investment in human resource of entrepreneurs is necessary for the success of cage fish farmers’ enterprises. Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 08-2014 Issue: 8
Earnings Management and Stock Market Returns
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
This paper investigates the variability of real business activities in the form of discretionary expenditures (accounts receivable, selling, general and administrative expenses, and net change in accruals), and the firm’s stock price performance in relation to the frequency of meeting or beating analysts’ earnings forecast. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between the firm’s stock price performance, and the variability of these financial statement accounts. The objective was to examine if these selected financial statement of accounts could be used by management to manipulate earnings in order to meet and/or beat analysts’ earnings forecasts so as to enhance the firm’s stock performance. The study found that there is a significant difference between the variance of SG&A, NCA and stock returns of the firms that meet and/or beat the analysts’ forecast and those that do not. It was also found that there is a significant difference in stock returns based on meeting and/or beating the analysts’ estimate. Contribution/ Originality
This study adds to the literature by demonstrating another avenue for earnings management that does not rely on the Jones’ model. It also shows how the variance of financial statement accounts can be used to detect earnings management. Finally, this paper shows that the change in stock price as a result of earnings announcement is temporary. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 10-2014 Issue: 10
Coping in Silence: Challenges Faced By Pregnant-Students at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
Post Beijing Conference has seen tremendous efforts by governments especially in developing countries such as Ghana to improve access to education at all levels and most critically to females. Over the last two decades, Ghana has put in place various interventions tailored to increasing female school enrolment and reducing the gender gap in education. Commendable results have been achieved. For instance, there is gender parity at the basic education and an increasing enrolment figures at the tertiary level. What has over the years been overlooked is how female students cope on campus as a result of combining academic work with other roles. The study is situated within this context, and using the seven roles framework and the bio-psychosocial model, it assesses the challenges pregnant-students face and how they cope at University of Cape Coast campus. A combination of accidental and snowball sampling techniques were employed to contact 62 respondents as well as conduct 12 in-depth interviews. More than 90 percent of the respondents were married. Common among the roles played include individual, occupational, and conjugal roles. These contributed to various challenges including psychological, socio-economic and academic-related challenges. Emotion-based coping strategies were mostly adopted to deal with the challenges. In the short term, the University must develop interventions to assist pregnant-students to cope effectively on campus, while in the long term, develop a policy to that effect. Contribution/ Originality
This study was undertaken to ascertain the extent to which career guidance/counselling can serve as a tool for functional education and graduate employability. The study was conducted in Kogi State University, Anyigba. A sample size of 500 was selected using stratified and simple random sample techniques, across the faculties of the final year students. The data collected from the sample were analyzed using simple percentage and mean. The results obtained among others were as follows; that the level of guidance and counselling services among the students in the university was not significantly high. There was significant influence in academic performance of students who had received guidance and counselling services as against those who had not. That guidance services serves as motivation for acquisition of skills. It was recommended that guidance and counselling services should be improved upon, and that guidance/counsellors should be employed by university authority. Priority should be focused on the attitude of students toward guidance service and that guidance/counselling services should be given at the point of entry and should be guided to point of graduation. A functional guidance counselling units should be established in all tertiary institution in Nigeria. Fund should be raised by the federal/state governments to maintain guidance units in all our university campuses. By so doing, students focus on their course of studies and those who need change of course to suite their career choice could be assisted through follow up, on graduation they could easily be employed and become functional and useful to themselves and society at large. Contribution/ Originality
The characteristics of Beverage Technology were analyzed, and PBL method was applied in Beverage Technology teaching. Application procedure consisted of four processes: selecting cases and constructing situation, solving problem and promoting student to acquire knowledge, forming cognitive structure through learning transfer, and popularizing application and consolidating teaching effect. Implementation of PBL method could animate classroom, enhance experimental teaching, increase student technological innovation, and help students obtain employment. PBL method is quite effective in Beverage Technology teaching. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that implementation of PBL method in beverage technology teaching could animate classroom, enhance experimental teaching, increase student technological innovation, and help students obtain employment. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 11-2014 Issue: 11
On The Features of the Negative Temperature Coefficient Phenomenon in Combustion of N-Pentane-Air Mixtures
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research
The ignition of n-pentane-air mixture at low temperatures is experimentally studied in a rapid mixture injection static reactor. The ignition process was monitored using a high speed color video camera. It is shown that introduction of platinum wire into the reactor eliminates the phenomenon of negative temperature coefficient; however Pt wire has no effect on the ignition delay time of thermal ignition of stoichiometric n-pentane-air mixture at lower temperatures. Contribution/ Originality
Supplementation value of some agro–industrial by–products was assessed by 12 Sokoto Gudali calves in a Completely Randomized Design. Four test diets were formulated: Palm Kernel Cake (PKC), Brewer’s Dried Grain (BDG), Wheat Offal (WO) and combinations of PKC + BDG + WO based diets while Guinea grass was fed as the basal diet. Diet A (33.25 % PKC), diet B (33.25 % BDG), diet C (33.25 % WO) and diet D (11.08 % PKC + 11.08 % BDG + 11.08 % WO) were included in the formulated diets. The proximate composition of the diets and performance characteristics of calves on these diets were assessed using standard procedures. Diet D was observed to have the highest CP, CF and ether extract (28.3, 34.0 and 20.0 % respectively) while diet C followed a direct inverse trend of this in terms of DM, CP and CF (55.8, 22.6 and 23.0 % respectively). Results also showed that there were not significant differences among the treatments in final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain and the feed conversion ratio but diet A was significantly different (P < 0.05) from other treatments in feed intake. It is concluded that brewer’s dried grains and wheat offal can be interchangeably used as well as combinations of the two in addition to the palm kernel cake as supplement to grass by Sokoto Gudali cattle for production and management. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the effects of combining industrial-by products on the performance of cattle. Also, the study was able to identify the by-products that can be interchangeably used in rearing Sokoto gudali calves. Medical Sciences » Journal of Nutrients » Month: 03-2014 Issue: 1
Space Technology to Monitor the Tornado That Hit Brahmanbaria Dist. of Bangladesh in 2013 and Damaged A Lot
Bangladesh faces meteorological events like cyclone, depression , nor’easter’s, tornado etc. almost every year. Nor’wester’s and Tornadoes are the special type of storm which cause lot of destructions and hampers the sustainable development of the country. Nor’westers come mainly from the north westerly direction (and hence the name) and are land based. They are very common phenomenon in Bangladesh during late month of Chaitra and Baishak . They are known as Kalbaishaki in Bengali. The physical cause of such disasters is embodied in law of science and hence proper scientific research is necessary to deal with them. A massive tornado attacked Brahmanbaria dist. in 2013. In this paper , the role of Remote Sensing and GIS technology for monitoring the tornado and its impact have been described. Contribution/ Originality
SPARRSO, has been engaged with monitoring of different natural disasters using remote sensing technology since early seventies’. This type dealing is necessary to study the nature of the events useful for awareness and preparedness towards disaster management. Computer Sciences » Journal of Future Internet » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2
Comparison of Surface Energy of Bcc Alkali Metals and Transition Metals Using Maeam
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Review of Advances in Physics Theories and Applications
The surface energies of the low index (100), (110) and (111) planes of some bcc alkali metals (Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) and for the bcc transition metals (Fe,W,Mo,Cr,Ta,Nb and V) have been calculated using the Modified Analytical Embedded Atom Method (MAEAM).The surface energy of each (hkl) plane in alkali metals was found to be much more lower than those of the transition metals. The experimental values of surface energies are not tied to specific surfaces and are obtained for polycrystalline materials. They do not correlate with computed values published for any of these surfaces. This is expected since experiments give direct results. For all bcc metals the order of the surface energy is such that Es(110) < Es(100) < Es(111) which is in agreement with the results obtained except for (111) surface. Our calculated result shows that Es(111) < Es(110) < Es(100). This is not in agreement with the result of MAEAM.[1] Contribution/ Originality
The paper contributes the first logical analysis of the surface energy of transition metals and alkali metals at low index level. Engineering » Review of Advances in Physics Theories and Applications » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1
Micro Level Geo-Resistivity Survey through V.E.S. Test for Groundwater Feasibility Study and Selection of Bore Well Sites in Pipili Block of Puri
The geo-resistivity was conducted in an area near Jamukoli of Pipili block under Puri district of Odisha to study the groundwater feasibility and selection of site for installation of bore wells. The reason for choosing this area is due to the poor and backward inhabitants residing in the locality. Vertical Electrical Sounding Test most commonly known as Schlumberger Test was conducted at five locations to get a confirmation regarding groundwater occurrences and their feasibility to tap water from deep bore wells. It is surprising to note that during course of investigation there is a huge variation in groundwater occurrences within a span of a couple of meters. This is probably a fault zone which might have been extending in the SE to NW direction. Though the subsurface lithology shows a vertical dissemination of laterite and sandstone but aquifer has been recorded in the region where the lithology is either weathered or fractured. Groundwater exists at a depth of 70m – 90m and an expected 3000 l/hr. can be discharged comfortably in few locations. Contribution/ Originality
The research work undertaken is a state of art and is an innovation to this particular field. As per the actual result bore logs are the best way to find the existence of the aquifer, but it costs too much if a tracer fails to reveal groundwater existence in that area. To avoid the effective cost sounding method has been executed in five locations at least to find the subsurface occurrence of groundwater. In this regard, resistivity meter of make Geoenviron has been used to find the result of subsurface litho units of the area. Though a huge area is not considered for the research work, but confined work done in a patch of 52 acres of land is enough to depict the presence of aquifer and its discharge per hour. Energy & Environmental Sciences » Review of Environment and Earth Sciences » Month: 12-2014 Issue: 2
The Role of Led’s In Meeting China’s Building Code Requirement of 50% Improved Energy Efficiency
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Review of Energy Technologies and Policy Research
China economic development continues to be marred by power shortages, extensive air pollution, and a strained water supply. These problems trace back to China’s dependence on coal for power. At present coal consumption levels China stands in the way of maintaining global temperature increase from greenhouse gases below the 2°C target. Amid reports one-third of global energy end use takes place within buildings, China’s National Energy Commission (NEC) has responded by requiring new buildings are at least 50% more energy efficient than those built in 2005. This research found LED’s reduced overall building power use by approximately 19%. Payback was less than 2 years. In China the legally enforceable, mandatory standard for visual comfort (300 lux) and power density (11 watts/m2) are defined in GB5034-2004. However, since LED’s experienced 28% more lumen decay over useful life than fluorescents, the lighting change resulted in savings only if local government officials permitted tasks lighting at reduced intensity. Contribution/ Originality
In recent years many developments have been made in the area of the vibration behavior of the supported by bearings or journal bearings rotating shafts. The results, if they are generally acceptable for common-use in terms of operating conditions, are far from meeting the aircraft industry, where the machining at high speeds is an undeniable need.This research therefore is aimed to provide an analytical simulation based on theoretical developments of the vibration response of a ball bearing. The generation of vibration by a point in a rolling element bearing is modeled as a function of the rotation of the bearing, the distribution of the load in the bearing, the transfer function between the bearing, transducer and elasticity of the bearing structure.The essence of this work is to present an analytical model of a specific type single of row effect balls (SKF 6004). This study is a first step dedicated to define the geometric characteristics, and in second time to determine the equations governing the distribution of responsibilities within the ball bearing. Contribution/ Originality
The rapid pace of changing technology is leading to high rate of import and export between different countries. In outsourcing governmental organizations duties to private sectors, it is a need to control sectors and they should be under assessment policy. This research has been developed to show how the accredited laboratories of Iranian standard (ISIRI) can be assessed for their technical servicing using the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) in combination with proficiency testing inter- laboratories comparison, in order to rank them for an urgent or crucial need of testing any kind of goods or products under compulsory regulation or national standard for their quality or safety aspect. The proposed approach, therefore, allows a decision to be made with confidence that the alternative (laboratory) chosen has best performance for conformity assessment. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that implementation of a hybrid integration of PROMETHEE I, II with Proficiency Testing inter-groups comparison, provide a successful tool for ranking of those candidates. Engineering » Review of Industrial Engineering Letters » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1
Abstract