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Cross border education has become part of the options for higher
education in countries with inadequate education opportunities. This is
based on the fact that education is one of the pillar for economic
development and improved living standards. Thus, many nationals from
different African countries are taking higher education seriously and
are seeking every available opportunity to pursue it. Consequently, this
translates to an ever increasing demand for higher education in the
continent. Cross border higher education has potential to meet this
growing demand and provide more opportunities that can be leveraged to
meet the engineering threshold for Africa and provide home grown
technological solutions. This paper was motivated by the Mobility for
Engineering and Technology Graduates (METEGA) in Africa and similar
projects that have seen students move to other countries in the
continent for graduate training. The paper presents a review of cross
border higher education with a focus on graduate level training in
engineering and technology. Contribution/ Originality
This paper presents useful synthesis on trends in cross border higher
education focusing Engineering and Technology. Africa needs more
engineers and this paper presents a case for a concerted efforts for
stakeholders to address cross border hurdles linked to training quality
engineers for Africa. Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 12-2016 Issue: 4
Occurrence and Anti-Fungal Sensitivity Testing of Candida Species Isolated from Canine Conjunctivitis
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research
Fungal infection in dogs and other domestic pets caused by Candida
species have been previously reported. Several available antifungal
drugs for treatment of yeast associated infections have been used with
diverse effects. This study establishes antifungal susceptibility
profile on identified Candida species isolates associated with canine
conjunctivitis using disks diffusion method as described by NCCLS
(M44-A). The antifungal disks used include Amphotericin-B (20mcg),
Nystatin (100units), Itraconazole (10mcg), Ketaconazole (10mcg),
Fluconazole (25mcg). The identified Candida species were C. albicans, C.
krusei, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. Percentage susceptibility
was high in both Amphotericin B (77.27%) and Nystatin (58.18%), while
Itraconazole showed (54.54%), Ketoconazole (55.45%) and Fluconazole was
least (11.82%). The sensitivity ranking showed Amphothericin B >
Nystatin > Itraconazole > Ketoconazole > Fluconazole and
increased resistance amongst the Azoles especially Fluconazole (70.90%)
in comparison with Polyenes. C. albicans showed the highest resistance
(84.51%) to both Fluconazole and ketoconazole (67.61%). C. parapsilosis
showed 63.64% and 61.54% percentage resistance to Nystatin and
Itraconazole respectively. In conclusion, this finding showed that
Amphotericin B and Nystatin were most effective against isolated Candida
species. Proper diagnosis of the underlying ailment is necessary in
conjunction with routine anti-fungal susceptibility testing to avoid
drug abuse and resistance. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature of canine Candida
species epidemiology and control using conventional cultural,
characterization and antifungal sensitivity test methodology. This first
preliminary study conducted in Abuja-FCT, Nigeria revealed
effectiveness of Amphotericin B and Nystatin on Candida species isolates
associated with canine conjunctivitis. Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2
Biochemical and Electron Microscopic Changes Induced by Giardia in Experimentally Infected Lambs
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Giardia on the
biochemical serum constituents of experimentally infected lambs, in
addition to studying the observed alterations accompanying Giardia
infection in the intestinal mucosa using scanning electron microscopy.
Twenty lambs were allotted into two equal groups, Group A ( non
infected) was kept as control negative and Group B (infected) was orally
inoculated by 104 Giardia cysts. The biochemical changes were assessed
in both groups on 7th. 14th, 21th and 30th days post inoculation (dpi).
The study disclosed that Giardia induced a significant drop in the
levels of serum electrolytes (chloride,sodium, potassium and calcium),
blood glucose, different enzymes (lipase, amylase and alkaline
phosphatase). Furthermore, the levels of urea, liver enzymes (alanine
aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), inflammatory marker
(C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde) were
elevated, but nitric oxide was declined by 30th dpi. The scanning
electron microscopy of the intestinal mucosa of the infected lambs
revealed a notable alteration which was fully explained. All the
presented results interpret the pathophysiological effect of Giardia
which adversely affects the health status of lambs. Contribution/ Originality
Aphids and aphidophagous insects were monitored in a pecan orchard by
enumerating the insects collected on leaf samples and suction trap
samples. Season long monitoring of the pecan foliage revealed that the
aphid abundance prior to the late season outbreak on the leaves
increased to higher population levels than could not be explained by the
reproductive potential of the aphids. Concomitant season long sampling
of the air in the canopy indicated that fecund alate aphids were
continuously abundant in the air both before and between the outbreaks
on the leaves. The results have important implications for improving
scouting methods to predict aphid outbreaks and facilitate insecticide
applications for aphid control. Contribution/ Originality
This study is the first attempt to sample the pecan tree canopy with a
suction trap and describe the seasonal long activity of three aphid
species and associated beneficial insects in the pecan tree canopy from
series of samples. Agricultural Sciences » International Research Journal of Insect Sciences » Month: 03-2016 Issue: 1
Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) Infection Among HIV Patients Accessing Healthcare at Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections is a sexually transmitted
infection worldwide, which has a public health implications especially
as a driving force behind the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
epidemic. It is known to cause genital ulcer as well as lesions. It is a
lifelong recurrent disease with no cure. Due to the lack of documented
HSV-2 studies among HIV patients in this study area with an estimated
HIV prevalence of 38.7%, there was a need for estimating the
seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection in the study population. The sera of
223 consenting HIV positive patients were screened for HSV-2 specific
IgG using an ELISA test kit (Cortez Diagnostic, Inc, USA). The
chi-square test was performed to identify possible risk factors
associated with the viral seropositivity. The overall seroprevalence of
the viral infection was 77.6%. Females recorded a prevalence of 84.5%
and males 51.0% (p > 0.05). Participants aged ≤ 20 and ≥ 61 years
recorded a prevalence of 100%, while the lowest prevalence (66.7%) was
observed in those aged 51-60 years (p > 0.05). There was a
statistically significant association between the seroprevalence of
HSV-2 in HIV patients in relation to locality. Patients from the rural
setting had a higher prevalence (85.2%) of the infection than those from
the urban setting (72.6%) (p ≤ 0.05). However, in this study, marital
status, occupation, level of education, antiretroviral therapy (ART)
status and CD4 counts, had no statistically significant association with
HSV-2 infection (p > 0.05). Awareness campaigns that will promote
behavioral change might be the most important strategy to mitigate
transmission as most of the infected persons usually show no clinical
symptoms. The role of vaccination and condom use among high risk groups
may help in combating the transmission. Contribution/ Originality
This study has contributed in documenting the prevalence of the
infection in Keffi using the ELISA test kit and has used the Chi square
statistical test. This study is one of the very few studies which have
investigated the prevalence of HSV-2 infection in North central,
Nigeria. The paper has contributed in logical analysis and in estimating
the prevalence and risk factors of the infection in Keffi. The study
documented a very high overall prevalence of the infection. It is
associated with gender, age and locality and not associated with marital
status, occupation, level of education, ART and CD4 counts. Medical Sciences » Journal of Diagnostics » Month: 12-2016 Issue: 2
Tumors of the Gnathic System with Multiple Histogenetic Characteristics
Background: There is a great confusion in the scientific literature
regarding tumors composed of tissues with different histogenetic and
molecular characteristics. Diagnosis of a neoplasm composed of more than
one tumoral tissue can be extremely challenging, so is the treatment.
Methods: This is an attempt, illustrated with several examples of these
types of tumors from the gnathic system, to gain a better understanding
of this issue. Conclusions: As the best of our knowledge, this is the
first report of a collision tumor between a sarcomatoid carcinoma and so
called keratocystic odontogenic tumor. It is critical to understand
these types of tumors, for correct diagnosis, staging and treatment. Contribution/ Originality
This paper contributes to the understanding of complex tumors that are
usually difficult to diagnose and treat. A tumor with more than one
histogenetic characteristic constitutes a challenge for the medical
profession. Medical Sciences » Journal of Diseases » Month: 02-2016 Issue: 2
Risk-Based Disease Management in the Fight Against to Bovine Tuberculosis; Area Prioritization
In this study, regional distribution of bovine tuberculosis disease in
Turkey over a period of 10 years was investigated using Office
International des Epizooties data. The number of outbreaks of the
geographical regions put together in Microsoft Excel programme.
Descriptive statistics and Correlation analysis was used in the study.
Six disease-specific evaluation criteria were determined to explain the
disease factors. In Turkey, the number of outbreaks (r=0.693;
p=0.000<0.01) was found to be significant. But the relationship of
the number of outbreaks of the disease with the number of animals per
km2 (animal density) was found to be (-.016) insignificant (P>0.05).
The rusults of present study to demostrate that epidemiologic data
analysis was first implemented to disease management programme. Thus if
the risk area determined, cost of controlling of the disease programme
will be reduced and effective contol programme must be implemented to
the high risk area. This study recomended that the disease outbreaks
management will be planned firstly high risk areas with a risk based
disease managemnet plan. This approch will be decreased the disease
outbreaks and the public cost of the disease will be reduced in near
future. Contribution/ Originality
This paper’s is one of very few studies which have investigated to
disease management by prioritizing disease areas in developing country.
The paper contributes that relationship between the number of outbreaks
of the disease at the provincial level and the animal density was found
to be insignificant. Medical Sciences » Journal of Diseases » Month: 02-2016 Issue: 2
Development of Periodontitis after Antihelicobacter Therapy in Patients with Ulcer Disease
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the most common
diseases of the stomach and duodenum such as peptic ulcer, gastric
cancer, and chronic gastritis. Stomach and duodenum are well-conditioned
organs for bacteria. Oral cavity is considered a secondary reservoir of
H. pylori. The infection responds well to complex antibacterial
treatment, but the risk of recurrence and side effects of this treatment
is sufficiently high. This article discusses the H.pylori-related
pathology of oral cavity and paradentium, and the side effects and
tolerability of eradication therapy. The pathways for optimization of
the treatment for H. pylori infection with the use of drugs contributing
to the restoration of microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and oral
cavity are offered. Contribution/ Originality
All authors contributed equally to this work. This study was one of few
studies, which have investigated affecting antimicrobial and
anti-ulcerative drugs to the development of periodontitis. Authors
declare that there is found relations between pathogenesis of
periodontitis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Medical Sciences » Journal of Diseases » Month: 01-2017 Issue: 1
Multifactorial Analysis of the Parameters for Immunity in Preterm Infants
The multifactorial analysis of the immunity for the preterm infants,
born at 34-36 weeks gestation, has been performed. Three factors of the
external load, which were 55.71% of the power load, have been determined
with the method of principal components. As a result of the analysis,
we can come to the conclusion about the feasibility of the advanced
study, the parameters of the immune system for the preterm infants, are
as follows: The complement fractions, The circulating immune complexes,
T-lymphocytes, T-helper cells, B-lymphocytes, the immunoregulatory
index, and IgE. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated parameter
of immunity for preterm infants, study of the relationship of balance
disorders and immune mechanisms in preterm infants will identify new
approaches to the diagnosis of the pathology for neonatal period Medical Sciences » Journal of Diseases » Month: 01-2017 Issue: 1
The article examines the possibility for applying a decoupling analysis
to Bulgaria’s agriculture by analysing the relationships between its
driving force and environmental pressures. The analysis methodology is
adjusted for the purposes of the study. The empirical study covers the
period from 1990 to 2012, during which the Republic of Bulgaria, as a
party to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), had to
implement certain measures to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The
results of the analysis show that during that period absolute decoupling
prevailed in Bulgaria’s agricultural sector. Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution in the existing literature is that it
adapts the decoupling analysis methodology to the sector of agriculture
in Bulgaria. Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2
Obesity is becoming a serious health issue due to the growing number of
obese people in many countries. iFood, a mobile application to help
individuals manage daily calorie consumption is presented and ways of
optimizing the daily calorie needed is achieved by offering information
of each food and suggestions on food and physical activities that can be
carried out to balance the amount of calorie intake. The application is
developed based on the Rational Unified Process Model (RUP) system
development methodology which comprises of four stages including
inception, elaboration, construction and transition. We present the
design, implementation and evaluation of iFood for Android smartphones
and demonstrate its feasibility in monitoring daily calorie intake. The
application analyzes emphasizing on its accessibility and acceptance
test. The results show that participants are satisfied with the features
provided by the application. They agreed that the application helps
them to monitor their food intakes and hence to lose weight. Contribution/ Originality
This study investigates on obesity in Malaysia and it proposes mobile
food application which is useful for people to monitor their food
intakes. Furthermore, features of this application will be explained in
the paper. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2
Design of Experiment - Optimization of HPLC Analysis of Vitamin A and E in Margarine and Vegetable Oil
Liquid chromatography is a useful method for selective analysis of
vitamin A and E. The native components can be easily tested due to their
UV-absorbance and beneficial separation characteristics. To test the
food sample, vitamin A and E have to be separated from the fatty part of
food. This step is performed by saponification, which is the critical
step of procedure due to the heat and light sensitivity of both
vitamins. The corresponding standards (MSZ-EN 12822-1, MSZ EN 12823-1)
recommend a wide range of saponification temperature and time, giving an
opportunity to optimize the recovery of the analyte. Experimental tests
were performed from vegetable oil and margarine sample to find the
temperature and time settings for the best recovery. Both factors were
examined with centered two-level factorial design. Data analysis showed
an increasing recovery of analytes towards the corner points of highest
possible temperature and shortest possible saponification time. Finally,
confirmatory tests were made. Contribution/ Originality
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary
fiber (DF)-rich by-products in Turkish traditional pudding kesme
muhallebi and ice cream made from it. For this purpose, corn pulp, black
carrot and apricot pomace were added in dessert samples. Dessert and
ice cream samples were analyzed for their sensory attributes and
textural properties. Black carrot pomace added samples had the lowest
sensory attributes, while corn pulp added samples had comparable results
with control samples. The obtained results in this study showed that
the sensory properties of the desserts weren’t affected adversely with
the addition of DF materials except for black carrot. Some of the food
industry wastes can be available processing aids in functional food
production. In addition, kesme muhallebi dessert was successfully
introduced into ice cream, with higher sensorial attributes. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature of dietary fiber rich
by-products from food processing as a source of functional materials
that can be evaluated in dairy products. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2
The Effects of Magnetic Field on Germination of Seeds and Growth of Seedlings of Stone Pine
Stone pine (Pinus Pinea L.) is a multi-purpose species for Mediterranean
forestry owing to both economic and socio-economic importance. Thus, in
this study the effects of magnetic field on the germination of seeds
and growth of seedlings of stone pine were investigated. For this
purpose, its seeds were treated by a magnetic field of 9.42 mT for a
different period of time – 0 min (control), 15 min, 30 min and 40 min in
a cylindrical shaped sample, made of a nonmagnetic thin transparent
plastic sheet. Germination experiments were conducted in the greenhouse
of Bart?n University. Considered the germination results as a whole,
while seeds exposed to a magnetic field for 30 and 45 minutes resulted
in higher germination energy (43%) and percentage (55%), respectively.
Both the lowest germination energy (6%) and germination percentage (32%)
were found out to be in the seeds without applying magnetic field.
Magnetic field increased shoot height, root collar diameter and also tap
root length of stone pine seedlings. In terms of shoot height, 85% of
1+0 seedlings was proper for afforestation activities based the
classification of TSI. Moreover, magnetic field treatments may be
considered as an alternative method to enhance germination Stone pine
seeds and to obtain better growth characteristics of their seedlings. Contribution/ Originality
This study is important in terms of determining the effects of magnetic
field on the germination of seeds and growth of seedlings of forest tree
species. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Forests » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 1
Role of Library and Information Science Professionals in the Knowledge Society
The role of Library and Information Science (LIS) profession has been
changing due to the information overload and its availability in variant
forms. The 21st century has brought a lot of changes not only on the
library and information services but also on the roles and expectations
of the librarians and information professionals. The LIS professionals
have new challenges because of unprecedented explosion of information
and the application of information communication and mobile technologies
in generation, dissemination and access of information. To cope with
these problems, the modern library and information professionals need to
change from the custodian of documents to the content managers. This
paper examines (i) the importance of libraries and information centers;
(ii) the transformation of libraries; (iii) temperature of the
information world; (iv) the challenges faced by LIS professions (v) the
new roles and skills of LIS professionals in this paradigm shift. Contribution/ Originality
This study presents a process to research the elements that influence
the creation and proliferation of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter, and
explores the ways Twitter members use this hashtag. This objective is
divided in four questions: What types of events influence the use of the
hashtag #BlackLivesMatter?, What type of user generated content appears
with this hashtag?, What other hashtags are used when #BlackLivesMatter
is present? And which emotions (rage, fear or enthusiasm) appear in
these messages? We present a theoretical framework that includes
characteristics of microblogging platforms as well as their impact on
social movements of the last decade. The methodology uses a quantitative
approach to analyze a sample of tweets that contain the hashtag
#BlackLivesMatter. The findings indicated that the events that most
influences the use of #BlackLivesMatter are the deaths of black people
by the hands of police officers, trials and manifestations. Rage is the
most common emotion, closely followed by enthusiasm. The user generated
content most shared is webpage links and the hashtags that appear most
frequently next to #BlackLivesMatter are #Ferguson (427) and #MikeBrown
(111). Future investigations should include a wider range of emotions
to be evaluated as well as cross platform analysis. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on online social
movements, hashtag production, emotional and user generated content. Social Sciences » Journal of New Media and Mass Communication » Month: 12-2016 Issue: 2
The Role of Habit and Emotional Regulation on Entertainment Video
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Journal of New Media and Mass Communication
Communication research has largely sought to explore how users come to
consume media. This study examines audience selection of entertainment
media, in particular television program genres streamed in the online
environment. By drawing from social cognitive theory, it is the aim of
this study to investigate whether acts of emotional self-regulation can
provide an explanation for selective exposure to media entertainment. In
an experimental setting, mood management theory and social cognitive
theory are pitted against each other in determining content preference
under the influence of sad moods. Putting all subjects in a sad mood,
and manipulating habit strengths for comedic and dramatic content, it is
predicted that subjects whose emotional self-regulation is depleted
will select more habitual entertainment video options than non-depleted
subjects. Contribution/ Originality
This study extends prior research by examining media selection behavior
in online environment. The findings of this paper indicate that habits
drive selective exposure when individuals are in depleted-resource
states regardless of their mood. Social Sciences » Journal of New Media and Mass Communication » Month: 12-2016 Issue: 2
Content Preference among Online and Hardcopy Newspaper Readers in Imo State
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Journal of New Media and Mass Communication
The emergence of newspapers online has created an ambivalence globally.
Whereas the general feeling is that the online version of newspapers are
a threat to the print’s business model, it is difficult to tell
between online version and hardcopy newspapers which one is more
economically rewarding as both are readily available and appear to
thrive at least in Nigeria. This study is a survey of 392 newspaper
readers in Imo State, selected in accordance with the Taro Yamane
formula. Findings show that 80% of the respondents read both versions of
newspapers, and that content is immaterial as a determinant of
preferred version (76%). Rather, availability accounts for the version
attended to per time. In addition, certain demographic and psychographic
factors influence choice of content as well as media. It is therefore
recommended among other things that the newspaper industry strive to
provide both online and print versions provided that appropriate
emphasis is laid on news which respondents consider the most valuable of
newspaper contents. Contribution/ Originality
This is one of the few studies that have investigated preference among
Nigerian newspaper readers. Findings reveal that although the online
version of newspapers is clearly preferred, readers are content with any
version available to them provided that their information needs are
met. Print is losing, but still viable. Social Sciences » Journal of New Media and Mass Communication » Month: 06-2017 Issue: 1
Determining Rural Poverty in Manga Del Cura – Ecuador Non Delimited Zone
This paper shows the implementation of the direct method, also called
unsatisfied basic need index, indirect or poverty line method, Gini
coefficient and Lorenz curve in Manga del Cura non delimited zone in
Ecuador. The data used are the result of the processing of
questionnaires applied to the people living in the zone. Simple
probabilistic randomized sampling was applied for data processing (136
questionnaires). Housing and minimum equipment for home were analyzed,
together with infrastructure, access to education and home subsistence
ability. Results show that residents have more than one unsatisfied
basic need, among them overcrowding, in an infrastructure that does not
guarantee the minimum sanitary standards needed. These people live under
the line of poverty because their average earnings correspond to 271,
37 USD, not enough to cover the cost of a basic food basket and
Ecuadorian vital food basket. Engel and Gini coefficients demonstrate
that there is equity in income distribution, what does not necessarily
constitutes an indicator of good economic conditions, on the contrary,
in this particular case, they indicate that this population group has
similar, under 300.00 USD, monthly incomes. Contribution/ Originality
This is the first study of the kind carried out in Manga del Cura non
delimited zone in Ecuador and it contributes a new socio –economic and
environmental perspective of community evaluations. Besides, it opens
new research lines to Ecuadorian scientific community Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 03-2016 Issue: 1
A Factor Analysis Approach Towards a Study of the Factors Affecting Students’ Choice of Higher Education Institution: A Case Study of a Private Institution (Twintech International University College of Technology)
This study was conducted to discover the input that will help in the
strategic management of the educational institution. The input is
focused on information of the factors affecting students’ choice of a
higher educational institution. For private educational institutions,
the input also aids them in strategic marketing to gain competitive
advantage. Specifically the study was done to discover the most
important underlying factor that affects students' choice of an
educational institution and also to show what aspects of the
institutional factor are considered by students when they make their
choices of educational institutions. This research followed a
quantitative research design, where a survey, using a questionnaire, was
used to gather the data on the factors that affect students’ choice
criteria. By employing the pertinent research methodology, which is the
Factor Analysis, more specifically the principal component analysis
(P.C.A.) the researcher was able to reduce all the 51 items of students'
responses to six (6) significant factors. The overall findings revealed
that students chose more institutional factors than other factors.
Based on this finding, a one factor solution was discovered to the study
of students' choice, which is the factor of the "institution" with the
highest factor loadings. No other studies had covered comprehensively
all the items from the literature review (social, economic, physical,
institutional and environmental, academic, marketing and administrative
items) regarding students’ choice of tertiary education. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on students’ choice
criteria of higher educational institutions. While most studies employ
descriptive statistics using frequency and mean analysis, this study
uses the factor analysis approach (Principle Component Analysis) of
statistical methods which is a reduction scheme of many independent
variables into groups through their loadings. Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2
Abstract