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This research investigates how student cultural enculturation affects student art appreciation. In this research, a model was proposed. Through this model, students’ art appreciation can be improved by encouraging the cultural acquisition, cultural merging, and cultural internalization of the students. Data were collected from 585 students representing grades four to six from five elementary schools in the DKI Jakarta province. The students answered cultural enculturation and art appreciation questionnaires. In this research, the structural equation model (SEM) was tested. The results was that student cultural enculturation, through student cultural acquisition, student cultural merging, and student cultural internalization, had predictive effects on student art appreciation described by the variables for The Student Aesthetic Pleasure, The Student Emotional Appreciation, The Student Cognitive Appreciation, The Student Aesthetic Fascination and The Student Art Awareness. Contribution/ Originality
The results of this study indicated that elementary schools need to focus on enhancing student cultural enculturation in order to improve student art appreciation. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 04-2019 Issue: 4
The Influence of Government Policy, Principle Leadership, and Participation of Parents on Strengthening Teacher Organizations (KKG/MGMP) and Development of Problem Solving in Students: Indonesia Case
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
This study aims to determine the effect of government policy, school principal leadership, and parental participation on the strengthening of KKG/MGMP teacher organizations and developing students' problem solving abilities. This paper is part of a field study on KKG (elementary school) and MGMP (Junior/senior high school) in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, with a total sample of 120 teachers. Data collection was carried out using questionnaire techniques, interviews, and conducting focus group discussions (FGD). The distribution of questionnaires to test the relationship between variables was analyzed with the help of the LISREL 8.80 program. The results showed that the three exogenous latent variables had a positive influence on the endogenous latent variables in the strengthening of the KKG/MGMP teacher organization, reinforcing that the teacher organization had a positive influence in developing students' problem solving ability. The influence of parental participation had a considerable effect and it made an important contribution in supporting teachers to participate in KKG/MGMP activities. It is recommended that the government revoke the regulations on prohibiting schools from collecting funding from parents, in order to let the school design school improvement programs with strict supervision and control to prevent deviations. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the influence of KKG/MGMP empowerment, so that action can be taken to improve teacher competence and its impact on student learning outcomes, especially in building creative power, critical thinking, collaborative, and conveying thought in an effort to improve problem solving skills. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 04-2019 Issue: 4
Sustainability in Supply Chain Management: The Role of Partner Collaboration and Power
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability
Sustainability issues in supply chain management have been at the front of research and practice owing to concerns about natural resources exhaustion, pollution levels etc. emanating from business activities. Pressures from external entities like government agencies, consumer movements, and NGOs, are driving firms to implement sustainable practices internally and across their supply chains. This study sought to assess how sustainability performance in supply chains can be enhanced through collaboration and power. A total of 104 construction and Manufacturing firms drawn from the Ashanti and Greater Accra regions of Ghana were used in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from top management members in the respondent organizations. Regression models were employed to test the relationship among the variables. The findings reveal that the quest to avoid sanctions from regulatory bodies, bad publicity in the media and conflict with local communities are the main drivers of sustainability among the firms in the study population. Other external pressures such as NGOs and consumer movements were found to have little effect on the firms in the study. Also, external pressures have significant effect on collaboration and sustainability performance, and that collaboration mediates the relationship between external pressures and sustainability performance. The author calls for a rise in consumer movements to increase the pressure on firms to adopt sustainable practices. Also, regulators must adopt a supply chain approach to enforcing environmental and social laws on firms by charging the powerful, visible firms to take charge of their supply chains. Contribution/ Originality
This paper provides a new perspective to the issue of sustainability in global supply chain operations. The study explores the interaction between power and collaboration for achieving sustainability in supply chains. This provides insight to powerful firms in supply chains on how to carry across sustainability initiatives. Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 04-2019 Issue: 4
Does External Borrowing Affect Economic Growth? A Revisit of the Age-Long Debate for Nigeria
Given the recent phenomenon of government at all levels in Nigeria resorting to external loans to finance their annual budget deficits, the study then examined the implications of the external borrowing on the economic growth in Nigeria, using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag co-integration (ARDL) approach. Times series data spanning from 1987 to 2018 were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria and Debt Management Office. Corroborating some existing empirical evidence, the study finds a significant and positive effect of external debt stock on the economic growth in Nigeria, which is represented by gross domestic product growth rate (GDPRATE), and debt servicing impacts negatively on the economic growth both at the short run and the long run. The value of ECM-1 is -0.32281 indicating that the speed of adjustment from the short-run to the long run takes 32.28% and this is significant at 1%. The governments should channel these external loans in the value added sectors of the economy in order to boost employment, output, sustainable and collective growth of the economy. It therefore advises various organs of the government in charge of fiscal policy and policy implementation to beam their searchlights and oversights on the proper utilization of these loans to avoid diversion, misappropriation and non-implementation of vital projects. Contribution/ Originality
This is one of the few studies that actually adopted the scholarly evidences in the model of debt overhang in the theory of Krugman (1988); Sachs (1988); Elbadawi et al. (1997) and Chowdhury (2001); however, only a few scholars have used ARDL technique despite its robustness in ascertaining the long run and short-run of its estimated parameters (Pesaran and Shin, 1999; Pesaran et al., 2001). Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Growth and Yield Response of Shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) Varieties to Intra-Row Spacing in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Current Research in Agricultural Sciences
Shallot is an important crop as a condiment as well as a source of income for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is constrained by a number of factors among which inappropriate plant spacing and lack of improved varieties are the bottlenecks of its productivity in the study area. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Densa, Eastern Amhara, and Ethiopia to evaluate the growth and yield response of shallot varieties to intra-row spacing. The treatments consisted of four intra-row spacings (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) and three shallot varieties (Dz-sht-157-1B, Dz-sht-91-2B, and Yheras). These were laid out in randomized complete block design replicated three times. Data on growth and yield parameters were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results indicated that varying intra-row spacings from 5 to 20 cm increased significantly (P <0.01) all yield characters assessed in all the traits except cured bulb yield (t ha-1) which decreased as a result of increasing intra-row spacing from 5 to 20 cm. Highest total bulb yield (26.20 t ha-1) and marketable bulb yields (25.24 t ha-1) were recorded at the closest intra-row spacing (5 cm). Dz-sht-157-1B variety was superior in terms of leaf number per plant (35.82), average bulb weight (69.08 g), marketable yield (24.46 t ha-1) and total bulb yield (25.17 t ha-1). Hence, based on the result, Dz-sht-91-2B grown at 10 cm intra-row spacing should be adopted by farmers in study area. However, further investigations on multiplications and over years should be made to come up with complete recommendations. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by conducting a field experiment at Densa, Eastern Amhara, and Ethiopia to evaluate the growth and yield response of shallot varieties to intra-row spacing. Agricultural Sciences » Current Research in Agricultural Sciences » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Vegetable Farmers Knowledge and Safety Practices towards Pesticides: Results from Field Observation in Southeastern DR Congo
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Current Research in Agricultural Sciences
Plant protection products can cause serious health issues especially for farmers who are exposed to all steps of their use. We used field observation to assess farmers’ knowledge of pesticides as well as their behavior while preparing mixtures, spraying and rinsing equipment used. Results showed that most of the farmers (97.6%) used pesticides (organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides) and reported having both positive and negative perception of pesticides apprehended respectively in terms of benefits (improve crop quality) and hazards (source of diseases, poison for human). Farmers’ knowledge of meteorological parameters and personal protective equipment for successful and safe use of pesticides was still limited. Farmers observed (98%) did not wear personal protective equipment (gloves, mask, coverall) during all steps of pesticide use (mixing, spraying, rinsing equipment). Hygienic practices were also very poor since 100% of farmers monitored could not change the clothes worn during the crop treatment. Furthermore, 88% of the farmers observed did not wash hands, feet and legs immediately after pesticide application whereas those parts of the body were particularly exposed during the treatment. This study provides reliable evidence related to the hazardous use of pesticides in Lubumbashi. A program of awareness and information will help to relieve farmers from pesticides health risks. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated the misuse of pesticides in Lubumbashi. Results highlighted poor handling practices of pesticides by farmers and limited knowledge of protective equipment and weather conditions while using plant protection products. Agricultural Sciences » Current Research in Agricultural Sciences » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
What are the Contextual Influences of Bank Criminality in Osun East Senatorial District?
The threats posed by bank criminality to nation building are such that an emerging nation such as Nigeria must not overlook. In spite of its negative implications, previous studies addressing the menace have either adopted the descriptive approach or focused majorly on reoccurrence of armed robbery during the festive periods. Also, there is a dearth of studies that employed the mix-methods approach and adopted the tripartite analysis technique to examine the causal effect association between bank criminality and its predictors. This study addresses these limitations by asking this question; what are the contextual influences of the various forms of bank criminality in Osun East Senatorial District? The outcome variable of the study was bank criminality, and the explanatory variables were contextual influences and broadly categorised into security mechanisms and human induced factors. Stata version 14 was employed in quantitative data analysis while the qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Results showed that security mechanisms (X2=17.502; p<0.001; X2=8.467; p<0.037; X2=11.09; p<0.004; X2=7.876; p<0.049; X2=16.233 p<0.001; X2=10.954; p<0.01) and human induced factors(ß = -0.226; t= -4.44; p<0.000; ß = 0.173; t=2.52; p<0.015; ß = 0.147; t=3.87; p<0.007; ß = -0.136; t= -2.56; p<0.013; ß = -0.206; t= -3.53; p<0.001) were predictors of bank criminality The study conclude that bank human induced factors, that is, bank employees’ efficiency and security mechanism functionality are indispensable to curtailing various forms of bank criminalities. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature by investigating the contextual predictors of bank criminality beyond the conventional approach; it documents the influences of human induced factors and security mechanisms on bank criminality, as such document provides insights to preventing banks and their customers from losing funds and vital information to criminals. Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Determinant of MSMEs Performance and its Impact on Province GRDP in Indonesia
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the simultaneous and partial influence of soybean price, consumption of tofu tempeh, the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar, and interest rates factors on MSMEs income, (2) dominant factors on tofu tempeh MSMEs income and (3) the effect of tofu tempeh MSMEs income on the Province GRDP. This research is a quantitative study with a purposive method of determining research areas and a quarterly time series secondary data analysis method from 2009-2019 using OLS Multiple Regression. The analysis shows that all variables simultaneously have a significant effect on MSME income. Partially, the variables that have a significant positive effect on the income of tofu tempeh MSME are soybean prices, consumption of tofu tempeh and the exchange rate, while interest rates have a negative effect. The coefficient of determination of 96% with the magnitude of the determinant partially from the largest in the sequence is the consumption of tofu tempeh, soybean prices, exchange rates, and interest rates, there is no dominant factor. MSMEs income proxy with recursive income has a significant positive effect on Provincial GRDP with a determinant coefficient of 55%. The research findings are that MSMEs are resistant to fluctuations in exchange rates and contribute greatly to the GDRP. Contribution/ Originality
The papers primary contribution is finding that MSMEs are resistant to macroeconomic determinants of fluctuations. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 01-2020 Issue: 1
Impact of Co-Teaching Approach in Inclusive Education Settings on the Development of Reading Skills
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
This study was conducted on three students with special education needs and their 16 non-disabled classmates in the 2nd year of an elementary school in Cyprus where inclusive education is offered to them and their parents. In the mentioned inclusive education setting, student and parent opinions with regard to the effectiveness of reading comprehension applications based on a one teacher one assistant model, which is a co-teaching model, conducted by the classroom teacher and special education teacher, have been evaluated. For this purpose, opinions have been obtained from students during the application that consisted of 14 sessions between October 2017 and January 2018 and from parents after the applications with regard to the effectiveness of the co-teaching practice using semi-structured interview forms. When the research findings were evaluated, it was seen that the students felt happy, successful and academically prepared during the co-teaching practices, they found the materials used by their teachers interesting, they were willing to attend the class, and were pleased to be in the school / classroom environment. When the findings of the parents' opinions were evaluated, the parents stated that they had some concerns prior to the co-teaching practices were implemented. However, they stated that the variety of materials and homework used during the practices and seeing their child's academic progress made parents feel at ease with the new approach. The parents also stated that the reading skills of their children had improved, their willingness to read had improved and their writing skills had improved as well. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature in terms of reflecting on the perspectives of both parents and students on the effectiveness of co-teaching. It is assumed that not only children with special needs but also children with normal development will benefit from co-teaching. In particular, it is believed that families, who are key stakeholders in special education, will develop increased awareness regarding the actions they can take to support the development of their children. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 01-2020 Issue: 1
Examining the Impact Records Keeping, Information Sharing and Partner Relations on Procurement Performance in Firms
Research Report
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences
This study examines the extent to which information sharing, records keeping and partner relations influence firm performance via the creation of an efficient procurement system. A survey of 142 firms in the Ashanti region of Ghana, selected using the convenience sampling technique is used in the study. The study adopted a quantitative approach, with a structured questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. An examination of the relationship among the variables reveal that procurement efficiency partially mediates the relationship between each of the three procurement related practices and firm performance. The implication of these findings for practice is that a focus on collaboration, not competition must be the aim of procurement. In modern times, firms must move beyond adversarial relations and focus on creative collaborative, long term relationship with selected suppliers. The study proposes that records keeping and audit of the process must be accorded as much importance as tender evaluation and contract management. The findings further imply that Suppliers are an extension of the focal firm and must be viewed as such. Excessive use of power leaves the weaker party aggrieved and willing to resort to unethical practices, which may include supply of low quality materials or creation of artificial shortages. Contribution/ Originality
The study extends procurement literature beyond the sourcing process and advances scholarly knowledge on the interaction between these processes and procurement performance. It demonstrates the relevance of streamlining the procurement process via a close monitoring and evaluation of all auxiliary functions to the sourcing process. Social Sciences » International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 1
Exploitation of Solar Energy between the German Leadership and the Reality of the Algerian Experience: Analytical Study During the Period (2000-2017)
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research
This study aims to reveal the reality of the Algerian experience in the exploitation of solar energy, considering that Algeria is a large country in terms of space and climate capabilities that allow it to attract this kind of renewable energies. The study also observes the German experience in this field in order to benefit from it; thus, it relied upon the analytical descriptive approach. The results of the study showed the limited exploitation of this type of energy in Algeria. Despite the gradual improvement in the use of solar energy, mainly since 2015, this improvement is not as expected as it recorded an output of 244.1 MW in 2016, and the output did not exceed 400 MW until the end of 2017. This is despite the tendency of Algeria in activating and assimilating solar energy and developing its exploitation as an alternative energy for fossil energy, which comes as a priority within the National Renewable Energy Program 2015-2030. The results of the study also showed the high level achieved by Germany in the exploitation of solar energy despite the obstacles encountered where the country is cloudy. Germany’s solar power capacity reached 40988 MW in 2016 after it was within 114 MW in 2000. This would not have been achieved in Germany in the absence of the promotion of investment in renewable solar energy and consumption, where the growth rate of solar energy consumption reached about 9% in 2016, but in Algeria remains very modest, as less than 0.05%. Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution is giving a clear vision about the possibility of strengthening the partnership between Germany's technical development as the largest generator of electric energy from sunlight in the world, and Algeria's abundant potential as the largest solar energy reservoir in the world. Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
College English Teachers in China: Developments, Crisis and Solutions
This research investigates whether the employment of College English teachers (CETs) is threatened in China. In order to explore this issue, the study traced the evolution of College English (CE) and the past and present status of CETs, analyzing various causes for change in the status of CETs that also lead to the issue of surplus CETs. The threats to CETs identified include the changing patterns in English learning and teaching, amendment in the language policy and the absence of a justification of CE as a course at tertiary level. The study proposed a few possible solutions to tackle the issue of surplus CETs. It concluded that a successful transfer of ‘surplus labors’ in CET not only depends on the implementation of top-down scheme scientifically designed for teacher training, but also relies on the CETs’ professional commitment to seizing every opportunity of upgrading their personal, technical and pedagogical competencies. Although the potential problems and challenges facing CETs are discussed in Chinese contexts, they may have implications for other similar educational contexts where English is taught as a foreign language. Contribution/ Originality
This paper is one of the pioneering studies to examine the evolution of College English and the status of College English Teachers in China. It is also among the first studies to investigate and suggest possible solutions for the latent threats posed to the employment of College English Teachers in post-College English era. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 12-2019 Issue: 4
Do Entrepreneurial Education and Training Impact on Entrepreneurial Skills-Based Ecopreneurship?
This paper examines the effect of entrepreneurship education and training on entrepreneurial skills of ecopreneurship students at public vocational secondary schools. This study applied a quantitative research method using analysis regression model to examine the relationship between variables. The population of the study was students in the second grade of vocational school in Jakarta, and the sample was about 200 students gathered using purposive random sampling. The data was taken using a questionnaire following a Likert scale. The findings showed that there is a correlation between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial skills. Entrepreneurship training positively affects entrepreneurial skills. Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship training have an influence on entrepreneurial skills based on students’. Based on these findings, schools are expected to improve the quality of learning through more innovative entrepreneurial materials oriented towards ecopreneurship to enhance students’ entrepreneurial mindset. In addition, schools are expected to hire experienced training mentors in the field of environment-based entrepreneurship so that the training will be of a higher standard. Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution is finding that education, entrepreneurship training lead to entrepreneurship skills-based ecopreneurship. This research can also be used for stakeholders to improve entrepreneurship education at senior high schools. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 12-2019 Issue: 4
Corporate Criminal Liability in the Collapse of Bank Century in Indonesia
This research aims to determine the form of criminal responsibility corporate banking should bear, having particular reference to the case of the Bank Century. It also seeks to understand the form of legal proceedings used against victims of banking crime in that case. The concept of corporate criminal liability is well established, and can apply both to the corporation and/or the board of directors. However, in the Bank Century case difficulties in conducting the prosecution arose because criminal sanctions against corporations were not included in Law no. 10 of 1998 which regulates banking. Secondly, the form of legal protection for the victims consists of two forms: preventative; and repressive. Indonesian regulators remain reluctant to recognize corporate criminal liability. Cultural change among regulators is required to ensure corporations in the banking sector are subject to criminal prosecution where appropriate. Contribution/ Originality
This is one of very few studies to have investigated corporate criminal liability as a legal subject. The academic debate over Bank Century has been minimal to date, and this research seeks to remediate that situation. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1
Innovations Dissemination Approaches among Government Co-Operative Supporting Organisations in Tanzania
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy
Efficient governments do encourage, support and promote innovations. Such realisation has necessitated some governments to establish strategic organisations to facilitate some of its innovation mandates. Some innovations have been developed by government co-operative supporting organisations (GCSOs) in Tanzania but only a few have been disseminated to end users. This has prompted questioning of the appropriateness of the innovations dissemination approaches used by such GCSOs. Research Method: The case study research design was used whereby five cases were picked. Primary data were collected using key informants’ (KIs) interviews, focus groups discussion (FGDs) and documentary review. A qualitative research approach was adopted. Data were analysed using content analysis. The Atlas.ti computer software facilitated analysis of the data. The results show that albeit the existence of several innovations dissemination approaches, there were no mechanisms to institutionalise the effective ones. Concurrently, the approaches applied largely left out the primary co-operative societies (PCSos) treating them as submissive receivers of innovations. Moreover, numerous setbacks including perceived unwillingness by GCSOs executives to prioritise and allocate available resources for innovations, inadequate incentives and resources deficit were constraining inclusive innovations dissemination efforts. The study covered GCSOs only as they have been receiving direct government resources to support among other things innovation activities unlike other member-based and private organisations operating in Tanzania. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents on the importance of inclusive innovations dissemination approaches among GCSOs and the need for its successful intervention and implementation to enable more innovations dissemination to end users (PCSos). Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Development of Learning Videos for Junior High School Math Subject to Enhance Mathematical Reasoning
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
This study aimed to develop Mathematics learning media in the form of learning videos in order to enhance the reasoning abilities of students of Mathematics Education Study Program.. This study used the development model to construct products in the form of learning videos on topics like Surface Area of Cuboid, Cube, Prism and Pyramid. To achieve this purpose, the ADDIE, Analyse, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation, development model was used, In this study; the steps conducted only reached the Development stage. Based on the validation of media experts, the percentage of the feasibility of learning media obtained was 95.15%. After being converted into a scale conversion table the percentage of the achievement level of 95.15% was in very good criteria. This proved that the learning video on the material surface area of the Cuboid, Cube, Prism and Pyramid were feasible to be applied in learning. Then, it was validated by material experts and based on expert validation, in terms of media aspects, material substance aspects, and learning design aspects which was scored at 90.86%. After being converted to a percentage scale conversion table the level of achievement of 90.86% was again in very good criteria. This led to conclude that the learning videos of the material surface area of Cuboid, Cube, Prism and Pyramid were feasible to be applied in research by making improvements in the order of material delivery. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature related to the development of instructional media such as learning videos as Mathematics learning media to enhance the reasoning abilities of students of Mathematics Education Study Program at Universitas PGRI, Semarang. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 01-2020 Issue: 1
The Effectiveness of the Production of Healthy Rice in Comparison with other Rice Varieties in the Upper Northern Region of Thailand
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy
The objective of this study is to examine the efficiency of the production of healthy rice and that of other varieties grown in the upper northern region, by using Meta-Frontier approach in analyzing the rice production efficiency. This study focuses on rice production of farmers by comparing between healthy rice growers and farmers of other rice varieties about 300 and 900 sampling respectively, in the areas of Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai and Phayao. In analyzing the efficiency used one variable of the output, the quantity of rice products and five input variables namely quantity of seeds, cost of soil nourishment fertilizer, cost of weeding, cost of labor in production, and cost of labor for harvesting. The study found that there were more variables for analyzing the efficiency of other rice varieties of rice than those of the healthy rice. Plus, general rice growers had higher production efficiency than healthy rice farmers (0.9439> 0.8604). However, it seems that they should reduce more production factors, particularly labor in production and that in harvesting. Meanwhile, the overall economy of scale had increased while that of each group appeared to be unchanged. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have examined the efficiency of the production of healthy rice and that of other varieties grown in the upper northern region, by using Meta-Frontier approach in analyzing the rice production efficiency. Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
An Agnostic Analysis of Exchange Rate Movement in Ghana
Based on quarterly data for the period 2006:3-2018:4, the effect of exchange movement on a set of price indices in Ghana is examined via a Bayesian Vector Autoregressive model. Using normal inverted-Wishart priors, the posterior estimates are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo draws via a sign restriction algorithm. Findings showed that the response of consumer prices (CPI), producer prices (PPI) and non-food prices (NFP) to exchange rate shocks is low and incomplete. Furthermore, the forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) indicated that CPI is most responsive to exchange rate impulses than NFP and PPI. In addition, inflationary pressures in Ghana emanated from exchange rate sources other than monetary sources. The paper recommends “pricing in local currency” as a deliberate policy to insulate domestic prices from volatilities in the exchange rate. Contribution/ Originality
This study used a new estimation methodology to examine the effect of exchange rate dynamics on prices in Ghana. Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1
The Effect of Nasal Breathing Versus Oral and Oronasal Breathing During Exercise: A Review
Historically, exercise physiologists believed that humans produce the greatest physical work by breathing orally. Recently, however, authors from the fields of medicine, health and exercise have described the potential benefits of limiting breathing to the nasal airway during exercise, but actual effects have been infrequently examined in the literature. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of nasal breathing as compared to oral and oronasal breathing during exercise from the available peer reviewed literature. Studies were identified using six search terms in Google Scholar. All related descriptive studies were included as were experimental studies with the following three criteria: a repeated measures design, randomization of condition order, and valid measurement techniques. The search results yielded a total of 30 published articles as of August, 2019, and both descriptive (n=7) and experimental studies (n=23) were reviewed for the effects of nasal breathing on exercise. The evidence suggests that exclusively nasal breathing is feasible for most people at moderate levels of aerobic exercise without specific adaptation, and that this breathing approach may also be achieved during heavy and maximal levels of aerobic exercise following a sustained period of use. Benefits of nasal breathing include a reduction in exercise induced bronchoconstriction, improved ventilatory efficiency, and lower physiological economy for a given level or work. The use of nasal dilation devices can increase the work intensity achieved during exercise while breathing nasally. Further research on the effects of nasal breathing during exercise is needed. Contribution/ Originality
The paper contributes the first logical analysis of the scientific literature addressing the use of nasal versus oral or oronasal breathing during exercise. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1
Perceived Poverty and Alleviation Efforts of Kogi State Community and Social Development Agencies in Kogi State: An Empirical Investigation
This study investigated the perceived poverty and alleviation efforts of Kogi State Community and Social Development Agencies in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. The survey was conducted on selected rural areas of Kogi State. Snowball sampling method (which involves referral of respondents) was used, and the total of 300 respondents was surveyed. The sampling procedure adopted for the study was simple random sampling. Data were analysed in tables using percentage and Ordered Probit Regression. Findings show that poor rural roads and inaccessible water supply significantly and negatively affect the socio-economic development of Kogi State; and that massive rural-urban drift and conducive educational environment created by private schools have positively contributed to the socio-economic development of Kogi State. Findings further show that coordinated management, commitment and discipline on the part of the members of the agencies have significant negative effect on the efforts towards poverty reduction in Kogi State; and that over-politicization, regular payment and monitoring logistics are seen to have significant positive effect on the efforts towards poverty reduction in Kogi State. The study recommended that the government and economic stakeholders should pay more attention to poor rural roads and inaccessible water supply as they significantly affect the socio-economic development of Kogi State. Also, the government should intervene in the procurement of alternative source of power supply and encourage increased number of private schools to complement effort on the socio-economic development process of Kogi State. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes to existing literature by investigating the perceived poverty and alleviation efforts of Kogi State Community and Social Development Agencies in Kogi State, Nigeria. Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 06-2019 Issue: 2
Abstract