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Nowadays, one can observe significant, and, more importantly, constant shifts in numerous areas of consumer behaviour, especially those related to purchase processes and buyers’ attitudes toward shopping. With the grow of societies’ wealth and development levels, shopping becomes more a part of a lifestyle and a way of spending time, than a means of satisfying vital, elementary needs. Such situation resulted in tangible change in the role and the strategy of retail places and malls, and directly leaded to the concepts like leisure shopping.The purpose of this paper is to analyse the possible reasons for visiting shopping centres and malls as well as selected attitudes towards shopping. Such analysis made it possible to assess the significance and relevance of different objectives of the visit as well as to evaluate the existence and the size of the continuum between two approaches towards shopping, defined as: (a) strictly pragmatic, and (b) leisure and social experience. The study was conducted on the quota sample of 1375 polish consumers, who had visited a shopping centre in the recent months.The obtained results clearly show that, contrary to common belief, one cannot assume the existence of the consumers’ inclination towards one of abovementioned approaches, although some correlation with age and gender has been observed. Moreover, the adaptation of clustering methods (expectation-maximisation algorithm) made it possible to prove the existence of different, yet internally coherent groups of consumers, displaying different combinations of the perceived significance of evaluated reasons and objectives of the visit. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated detailed reasons and objectives of visiting shopping centers. Moreover, it presents the differences in the structure of aforementioned objectives in different types of consumers. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 10-2014 Issue: 10
Cumulative Average Abnormal Return and Semistrong Form Efficiency Testing in Indonesian Equity Market over Restructuring Issue
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability
Efficient market hypothesis is important in finance. Investors will expect superior gains from their investment strategies with respect to the risk profile. Event study is an approach to assess the impact of the information on the stock prices. If the market is efficient, the price of securities will be adjusted quickly to the announcement day. The objective of this study is to test the efficiency of Indonesian Stock Market in semi-strong form with respect to 19 recent merger announcements since year 2000. In order to analyze the effect of the announcement, Event Study Methodology is conducted by calculating the Abnormal Returns (AR) of each stock, Average Abnormal Returns (AAR), and Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) 30 days prior to the merger announcement and 30 days after the merger announcement (event window). To calculate the Abnormal Return, market model is employed by regressing the daily stock return with the corresponding market return on the estimation period. Parametric and non-parametric test on the AAR is used to test for efficiency. The findings from this research is that Indonesian stock market is efficient in semi-strong form in the case of merger announcements. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the efficiency of Indonesian stock market in semi-strong form in the case of successful merger announcements. Event study is conducted to analyze the efficiency which uses the market model approach to calculate the abnormal return in the determined timeframe. Both, parametric and non-parametric test are being used to test for market efficiency. Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 9
Effective Tax Administration and Institutionalization of Accounting Systems in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises: Evidence from Nigeria
The study investigated the role of effective tax administration in institutionalizing accounting systems in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria against the backdrop of the prevalence of poor accounting systems in this sector. Data was obtained from SME operators and staff of the internal revenue agencies like the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and State Boards of Internal Revenue (SBIRs) as applicable in Nigeria. The econometric e-view was used to analyze the data so obtained, and it was observed that the lack of an effective tax administrative system which undermines the collection of profit tax from the operators of this sector accounts to a large extent for the non institutionalization of accounting systems SMEs in Nigeria. The study also identified several variables that militate against the establishment of an effective tax administrative system in the country. Accordingly the study advocated the need to build strong institutions, enact appropriate laws and implement stiffer penalties for defaulters. This should be predicated on the basis of an enhanced citizens’ confidence in the government and its institutions, which can be attained through the enthronement of fiscal transparency and accountability framework and good governance that has the capacity for building trust thereby enhancing voluntary compliance with tax laws. Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes to the existing literature accounting systems of SMEs. This study used new estimation methodology via econometric e-view analyses and SPSS. This study is one of very few studies which have examined the hypothesized relationship and primarily contributes to addressing challenges of financial management by SMEs in developing countries. Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2
Action research is a systematic activity implemented by educators in improving the teaching and learning process. However, its implementation is time consuming. As a result, most educators are not able to conduct action research, even though it is often recommended by the administration. The failure in implementation is mostly due to time constraints, educators’ workload, and also the lack of skills and knowledge of action research itself. This paper will discuss a method that educators can apply to action research, known as coaching. Coaching will be discussed using Kolb’s Model as a model for action research. The flow of action research implementation will also be discussed in detail. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature by providing a detailed overview of how coaching method is implemented in action research using the Kolb Cycle Model, an action research cycle which comprises four phases: Review, Learn, Apply and Do. Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 3
The Association Between Corporate Risk Disclosure and Firm Performance in Emerging Country – The Case of Egypt
The aim of this paper is to investigate the association between corporate risk disclosure and firm performance (ROA, ROE, and ESP), Using SPSS statistical, results show that there is an insignificant association between liquidity risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, exchange rate and firm profitability.This study is restricted to examine one year annual report 2013, exclude financial sector due to their specific law and rules and sample size on the other hand, this research paper is limited to investigating the association between risk disclosure mainly financial risk, liquidity risk and profitability. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to literature in many reasons:
Firstly, in line with Mousa at al 2013, Vandemelle 2009 documents that there is a negative relationship between corporate risk disclosure and profitability
Secondly, this paper is one of very few studies which investigate the determinants of corporate risk disclosure in an Arab country (Egypt)
Thirdly, this study use EPS for measure profitability
Finally, this study encourages accounting setters to improve risk disclosure practice which could affect decisions making
This study investigated the moderating effect of demographic factors (age, gender, education level, tenure, and job level) on the relationship between monetary motivation and employees’ job performance at oil and gas offshore production facilities in Malaysia. The outcomes of this study provide useful insight that could influence company’s performance management, resourcing and talent management strategies and policies. Data were collected using self-administered survey questionnaire from 341 employees at oil and gas offshore production facilities of selected companies in Malaysia. Convenience sampling method was used. Quantitative data analyses, which included descriptive, reliability, and inferential analyses were performed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution 21. At the .05 level, the results of the General Linear Model univariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant moderating effect of tenure and job level on the relationship between monetary motivation and employees’ job performance while gender did not show any significant moderating effect. Age and education level showed weak moderating effect. Employees with tenure of 31 years or more reported significantly higher job performance level compare to their younger counterparts with tenure of 10 years or less. Managers and supervisors scored significantly higher job performance level than technicians. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the moderating effect of demographic factors (age, gender, education level, tenure, and job level) on the relationship between monetary motivation and employee’s job performance in oil and gas industry in Malaysia. Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 3
The Impact of Rice Production, Consumption and Importation in Nigeria: The Political Economy Perspectives
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy
Nigeria’s population is estimated at 174, 507,539 with the annual growth rate of 2.54%. The country is endowed with enormous mineral and natural resources with vast land adjudged to be the most fertile and suitable for agriculture. Rice demand and consumption is high among its people irrespective of their region or culture. This paper attempts to investigate the level of the country’s production, consumption and importation of rice, with a view to establishing its impact on its economy and development. The methods adopted for obtaining data for the study were purely empirical and secondary. It was found amongst others that; while the level of production of rice is low, the consumption is high and its importation is highly inelastic. It was recommended that, deliberate attempts must be made by government in terms of policy to improve its agricultural base particularly in rice production not only as a substitute for its importation and domestic use, but export as well. This will go a long way in increasing foreign earnings, which can be replicated, and serve to complement the country’s economic growth and development. Contribution/ Originality
i.This study contributes to the existing literatures on rice production and consumption in Nigeria on its development.
ii.It also contributes in unveiling the lopsidedness in Nigeria’s level of rice production with its domestic consumption and the high level of her dependency on rice importation as against export.
Good governance has always been an important issue in global development. Most third world countries have been identified by the World Bank as chronically groaning under the spell of under-development, rooted in corruption and bad leadership. Many ad-hoc solutions embarked upon by various International Organisations have proved insignificant in most African countries. The pseudo-development approaches based on the replication of western mode of development to the developing world have aroused suspicion that the mode of development in the West cannot be used as a basis for engineering growth in other parts of the world, particularly Nigeria. Many studies are conducted in Nigeria to explain how good governance leads to development and poverty alleviation, yet sufficient breakthrough is not achieved. There is need to explore why it is difficult for Nigeria to translate its economic development to enrich its people. This article examines the loopholes in the development priorities of various governments in Nigeria. It is timely based on the recent IMF statistics that Nigeria is now the largest economy in Africa. It examines the impact of development and good governance on poverty alleviation in Nigeria; seeking to explore the potency and place of good governance in poverty alleviation in the largest country in Africa. Relevant literatures were reviewed to closely examine the gap, which ultimately provides rationale for conducting the research. The study, based on the established rapport between good governance, development and poverty, examines the relevance to the Nigeria case. It is therefore premised on the conviction that the three concepts are inevitably intertwined and thus if properly integrated can be employed in studying Nigerian situation and used in the alleviation of poverty. Contribution/ Originality
The primary contribution of this paper is finding that discussions on good governance, rural development and poverty management are relevant to Nigeria as the most recently ascertained ‘the largest economy in Africa’; contributing in the existing literature on good governance, rural development and poverty alleviation as applied mostly on Nigeria. Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 08-2014 Issue: 4
Some Modified Linear Regression Type Ratio Estimators for Estimation of Population Mean Using Known Parameters of an Auxiliary Variable
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Journal of Building Construction, Planning and Materials Research
The present paper deals with modified linear regression type ratio estimators for estimation of population mean of the study variable when the Kurtosis, Skewness, population correlation coefficient and quartiles of the auxiliary variable are known. The bias and the mean squared error of the proposed estimators are derived and are compared with that of simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) sample mean, the usual ratio estimator and the existing modified linear regression type ratio estimators. As a result, we have derived the conditions for which the proposed estimators perform better than the other existing estimators. Further the performance of the proposed estimators with that of the existing estimators are assessed for a natural population. From the numerical study it is observed that the proposed modified ratio estimators perform better than the existing estimators. Contribution/ Originality
Dentigerous cyst is an epithelial-lined developmental crater that encloses the crown of an unerupted tooth at the cementoenamel junction. Bilateral or multiple dentigerous cysts are often associated with few syndromes. Even though dentigerous cysts are common developmental cysts, bilateral occurrence of dentigerous cysts are extremely uncommon and to date, only 22 cases have been reported in literature till 2011. In English based language literature review, we only found nine reports of non-syndromic bilateral dentigerous cyst associated with mandibular third molars. The present article report a case of bilateral non-syndromic, dentigerous cysts associated with inverted mandibular third molars in a 25 years old male patient with brief review of literature. Contribution/ Originality
The paper contributes about the rare entity which is associated with various syndromes and systemic disorders, so careful examination and proper diagnosis is useful to rule out various systemic disorders & syndromes Medical Sciences » Journal of Diagnostics » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1
Anthropometric Parameters as Predictors of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Central Indian Children 5-15 Years
The development of pulmonary function and growth of physical parameters are concurrent in children. Hence, measurement of lung function is essential for evaluation of physical development of children and adolescent with respiratory disease. A cross sectional study was conducted on 200 primary, middle and high school children of 5-15 years. Their anthropometric parameters and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were recorded and multiple regression equations for predicting PEFR from anthropometric variables were derived. Highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) was observed between all the anthropometric and pulmonary parameters. Significantly high R2 values were found when age, height, weight, chest circumference, BSA and arm span were used as independent variables in the regression analysis. Thus, this study establishes reference standards for predicting PEFR in normal healthy children residing in Central India. Contribution/ Originality
Saliva, a biologic fluid, recently has been a boon in the field of diagnostic science, as the presence of viable biomarkers in saliva elaborate its applications in multiplexed assays, disease diagnosis, clinical monitoring and for clinical decisions of patient care. Application of saliva in diagnosis is undeniable as ease in sample collection and conventional procedure. This article provides emerging evidence to provide an overview of salivary diagnostics in various fields of diagnosis and affirm its application as diagnostic Bio-Fluid. Contribution/ Originality
This article documents a comprehensive overview of diagnostic application of noble bio-fluid i.e. saliva. It encompasses the information on utilization of saliva in myriad of diagnostic field, with advantages of being conventional and convenient, as per inclusion of recent literature. Medical Sciences » Journal of Diagnostics » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1
Retrospective Study on Outcome of In-Patient Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Jimma University Specialized Hospital from September 2011-September 2012
Background: Malnutrition often affects young children and contributes to more than 60% of deaths in children in developing countries. Aggressive hospital based management of sever acute malnutrition is recommended to meet the acceptable standards regarding outcome of the treatment. This study aimed to assess the treatment outcome of severely malnourished children treated in Jimma university specialized hospital (JUSH).Methods: Retrospective reviews of charts of severely malnourished children admitted at JUSH from September 2011 to September 2012 were made. In this study, a total of 173 cards were selected using systematic sampling technique. The numbers of discharges cured, defaulted, and average length of stay in days (d) were reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify and control potential confounders. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Of 173 cases of malnutrition, 53.2% (92) had kwashiorkor and 30% (52) were Marasmic cases. Of the total, 87% (152) were cured while 5.8% (10) had died. The average length of stay was around 21 days. The study revealed significant association between age distribution and type and outcome of malnutrition. Association is also evident between presence of associated medical illness and duration of stay (p < 0.05).Conclusion and recommendation: In conclusion, the overall recovery, defaulter and mortality rates were within the acceptable range of sphere standards. Thus, the in-patient program was effective. However, more should be done to improve treatment outcome along with duration of stay by working aggressively on management of medical associated problems. Contribution/ Originality
CM conceived and designed the study. He also wrote the paper. MT. MM and AD contributed in the conduct and analysis of the study. All of the authors have read and approved the manuscript. Medical Sciences » Journal of Diagnostics » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1
Urban Area - Review of Protective Forest Management
Protective forests are areas, primarily used for wood production in the past, where forests gradually attain different roles based on its purpose and management plan. Forests are significant factors in karst management where over time devastated forest areas have been cultivated with conifers.One of those areas is camp (N 43°55’, E 15°30’) in small coastal city- Pakoštane, where we’ve conducted our research. It is almost a century old Aleppo pine culture which spreads over 25 hectare, on limestone based brown and red soil with more than 45 % stony surface. Holm oak forest is community (Orno – Quercetum ilicis H-ić 1957.) with mostly dense canopy, normal density and no silvicultural work in past few decades. The forest has following structure- number of trees: Aleppo pine 346/ha, Holm oak 261/ha, evergreen deciduous bushes (< 2,5m height) 1047/ha or in total 1654/ha; - basal area: Aleppo pine 26,47 m2/ha, Holm oak 3,23 m2/ha, evergreen deciduous bushes 4,33 m2/ha or in total 34,03 m2/ha. In contrast to normal ecological-management type (EMT) III-L-10 [1] significant differences have been detected. Absence of necessary silvicultural interventions is visible considering relevant indications of present state: average crown transparency “2”, short and thin canopy, great number of deadwood: Aleppo pine 432/ha and Holm oak 148/ha, appearance of fungus fruiting body on 60 trees/ha, construction work mechanical damage of both trunk and root system 140 trees/ha and lastly Aleppo pine tree marking conducted by non-professional forester- resulted in wrong selection of trees that are meant to be fallen in future maintenance period.Natural forest degradation that is taking place in this woodland, due to anthropological influence on stand, unfortunately led the forest of this auto-camp in troublesome state. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to urban forestry- arboriculture, as urban park research on protective forests management and user safety in private parks. It contributes in the existing literature on urban park-protective forest, governance and as a current practice review it points out the ongoing problems and malpractice occurring in urban forestry. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Forests » Month: 03-2014 Issue: 1
Soil Respiration, Microbial Biomass and Ratios (Metabolic Quotient and Mbc/Toc) As Quality Soil Indicators in Burnt and Unburnt Aleppo Pine Forest Soils
Wildfires affecting forest ecosystems and post-fire silvicultural treatments may cause relevant changes in soil properties. Soil plays an important role in the fertility and stability of the forest ecosystem [1] as it highlights the microorganisms that accomplish reactions to release soil nutrients for vegetation development [2]. Wildfires and post-fire silvicultural treatments may cause relevant changes in forest and soil properties [3, 4]. Fire may alter physical-chemical soil properties (i.e., soil organic matter content and its structure, hydrophobicity, pH and nutrient cycles) [5], microbiological and biochemical soil properties (i.e., microbial biomass, microbial activity, soil enzymes activities) [5]. Long-term studies into soil quality, or which evaluate soil recovery capacity after forest fires or post-fire silvicultural treatments, are scarce. To evaluate soil quality, the use of a general character parameter like soil respiration is commonly used [6, 7]. This study aimed to investigate soil respiration, microbial biomass and ratios (metabolic and MBC / TOC) in burnt and unburnt soils of an Aleppo pine forest ecosystem affected by a wildfire event 17 years ago. It is noteworthy that we define recovery as a scenario which returns to the same activity levels before wildfire perturbation. Our results demonstrated that 17 years after the fire event occurrence, the quality of the burnt soils reached the undisturbed soil levels. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated long-term recovery of the burnt Mediterranean soils, in dry and semiarid climates, and the paper’s primary contribution is finding that forest management must be taking into account soil parameters to achieve good adaptive procedural guidelines. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Forests » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2
Effect of Different Concentrations of Vermicompost (Biohumus) On the Root Collar Diameter and Height Growth in the Seedlings of Anatolian Black Pine
In the present study, effect of vermicompost, a product of Biohumus®, on the root collar diameter and height growth of 1+0 aged seedlings of Anatolian black pine growing in Bartin-Turkey was investigated. Seedlings were treated with three different concentrations of vermicompost solution from seed dibbling. Statistical comparison of morphologic data for treatments was performed using ANOVA test while the treatments were categorised using Duncan test.Compared to control, mean root collar diameter growth was found to be about 25% higher in seedlings in V1 treatment type (Vermicompost of 1:1000) and nearly 26% more in V2 and V3 treatment type while height growth was 13% more in V1 treatment and 20% in V2 and V3 treatment.Findings of the study were thought that Vermicompost can be used to obtain quality black pine seedlings in nurseries by developing root collar and plant height. Contribution/ Originality
This study is important in terms detect the effect on forest tree seedling production of vermicompost fertilizer. Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Forests » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2
Serum Rankl/Osteoprotegerin Complex and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Chronic Heart Failure
The objectiveof this study was to assess an interrelationship serum RANKL/OPG complex with counts of circulating pro-angiogenic endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) labeled as CD14+CD309+, and CD14+CD309+Tie2+ in patients with ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods: The study retrospectively evolved 153 patients (86 males) aged 48 to 62 years with exiting proven stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Systolic or diastolic CHF was defined among 109 (71.2%) patients. Twenty five 25 individuals were included in the control group. Circulating RANKL (sRANKL) and OPG were measured by high-sensitive ELISA kit at baseline. EPC populations were labeled by flow cytofluorimetry per High-Definition Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter methodology.Results: Numerous of EPCs with phenotypes of CD14+CD309+ and CD14+CD309+Tie2+ were significantly lower in CAD patients when compared with healthy subjects. The trend to significant decrease of EPC numerous depending presence of CHF was found. The sRANKLlevel, OPG level, and sRANKL / OPG ratio were significantly higher in CHF subjects as compared to those without CHF (P=0.001). On multivariate analysis, CHF, sRANKL/OPG ratio, OPG, and NT-pro-BNP remained as independent predictors of decreased EPCs with phenotypes of CD14+CD309+ and CD14+CD309+Tie2+. When sRANKL/OPG ratio was added to the standard predictive model (CHF) improved relative integrated discrimination indices by 12.5% for CD14+CD309+ depletion, as well as by 17.3% for CD14+CD309+Tie2+depletion were found. Conclusion: We found that sRANKL/OPG ratio remained statistically significant predictor for depletion of pro-angiogenicEPCsin CAD patients. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that inflammatory cytokines, such as components of RANKL/OPG complex, areable to negatively modulate the level of circulating pro-angiogenicendothelial progenitor cells labeled as CD14+CD309+, and CD14+CD309+Tie2+ and thereby reduce a reparative potency of vasculature in heart failure patients. Medical Sciences » Journal of Diagnostics » Month: 12-2014 Issue: 2
Chromium Complex Pre-Catalysts in Ethylene Oligomerization/Polymerization
Recent progress of chromium complex pre-catalysts in ethylene oligomerization and polymerization is reviewed herein. As well as the well-established trimerization of ethylene by chromium catalytic systems, such pre-catalysts have more generally been explored for ethylene oligomerization. Furthermore, chromium complex pre-catalysts have been found to exhibit high activity during ethylene polymerization. The catalytic activities can be influenced by the nature of ligands present, which can provide useful knowledge in determining structure-activity relationships. This review provides collective references concerned with the design of complex pre-catalysts with a view to ethylene reactivity. Contribution/ Originality
Ab initio density functional theory (DFT) has been used to investigate the thermal properties of the CuBr0.5Cl0.5 alloys over a wide range of temperature. Using the quasiharmonic approximation (QHA) for the some physical quantities of interest such as heat capacity at constant volume and entropy are calculated and discussed. The theoretical results show good agreement with the available experimental data for CuBr and CuCl. The present results show that symmetric and asymmetric structure of CuBr0.5Cl0.5 have a good agreement with the calculatingly value for heat capacity. Contribution/ Originality
An analytical study is carried out for an unsteady MHD two dimensional free convection flow of a viscous, incompressible, radiating, chemically reacting and radiation absorbing Kuvshinski fluid through a porous medium past a semi-infinite vertical plate. The dimensionless equations governing the flow are solved by simple perturbation technique. The expressions for velocity, temperature and concentration are derived. The influence of various material parameters on flow quantities are studied and discussed with the help of graphs. The expressions for Skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also derived and discussed numerically. Temperature increases with an increase in radiation parameter and radiation absorption parameter where as it decreases with an increase in Prandtl number. Concentration is observed to be decreased when chemical reaction parameter and Schmidt number increase. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature of Newtonian fluids. Most of the practical problems involve non-Newtonian fluids type. This study uses new estimation methodology of analyzing the heat transfer characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid. This study originates new formula of solving nonlinear governing equations using perturbation method. This study is one of very few studies which have investigated on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a well-known non-Newtonian fluid Kuvshinski fluid in the presence of uniform magnetic field. The paper’s primary contribution is finding that effects of various physical parameters on the flow quantities. This study documents a well-known non Newtonian fluid namely Kuvshinski fluid in the presence of thermal radiation, radiation absorption and chemical reaction of first order. Engineering » Review of Advances in Physics Theories and Applications » Month: 12-2014 Issue: 2
Abstract