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Listing 12 - 20 of 2751 results.

Development of Solar Energy in Sabah Malaysia: The Case of Trudgill’s Perception

Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research

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Abstract
Solar energy in Malaysia was first introduced as one of the five fuels in electricity generation through the Fifth Fuel Policy in 2001. However, the current real harnessing of available solar sources is still below its actual potential. This study examined the non-technical barriers towards solar energy implementation in Sabah located on the Borneo Island on eastern part of Malaysia. Following the theoretical framework, the proposed non-technical barriers are agreement, knowledge, technological, economic, social and political. The results of the study showed that awareness and economics are among the two significant barriers in solar energy implementation in Sabah. This necessitates more appropriate energy and financial policies to help public acceptance of solar energy sources for electricity generation in the region. 
Contribution/ Originality


Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2

Professor: The Animal Planet Optimization

Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Review of Environment and Earth Sciences

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Abstract
This paper is dedicated to everyone who is interested in making this planet a better place to live. In the past, researchers have explored behavior of several animals separately. But there is scope to explore in the direction where various artificial animals together solve the optimization problem.  In this paper, Satish Gajawada  proposed The AnimalPlanet Optimization. The concept of this paper is to imitate all the animals on this planet. The idea is to solve the optimization problem where all the artificial animals together solve the problem.
Contribution/ Originality
In this paper an attempt has been made to design an optimization algorithm based on several animals. Although in literature, animals are imitated separately to create optimization algorithms but there is lot of scope to explore in direction where several animals are imitated together in single optimization algorithm. One such algorithm has been designed in this paper.

Energy & Environmental Sciences » Review of Environment and Earth Sciences » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1

Cross-Cultural Leadership Intelligence: Recommendations for Kenya

Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
All leaders can improve their cultural intelligence (CQ) and every country can modify cultural norms toward advancing economically.  CQ enables more effective cross-cultural leadership in the global economy.  Based on analysis of the literature, experiences and survey results, our CQ recommendations start with self-assessment as key to successful cross-cultural interactions.  In cross-cultural situations one must start by slowing down in order to develop more keen abilities to reflect on behaviors in order to generalize from what one discovers.  Mental model development and flexibility, psychological hardness, curiosity, strategic thinking, and motivation all direct enhanced leadership across cultures.  Aspiring cross-cultural leaders need guidelines for improvement. To meet these needs this paper builds on multiple-intelligence, leadership and crossing cultures research in order to propose useful global leadership models.  The paper’s original contributions are: 1) guidelines for enhancing and selecting cross-cultural leaders; and, 2) “starting” point-example precepts for boosting economic development in Kenya.  
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4

Improved Performance Through Empowerment of Small Industry

Research Article
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Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
This research is intended to study how does the implementation of education and training, government assistance, business partnership, and government regulation effect business ability and business success? The sample of this research 174 small business units in east java province and selected by using stratified cluster sampling technique. Applying structural equation modeling analysis, the research findings are as follow. First, education and training with indicator charisma an instructor, instructor team cooperation, accuracy of method teach, motivation follow,according to its items have an effect on positive tobusiness ability but have not an effect to success of small business with indicator production efficiency and production extension. Second, government assistancewith indicator, technical assistance, guidance, management, financial and tuitionhaving an effect on positive  toability and success of small. Third, business partnershipwith indicator, trade cooperation, network, contract sub, technological cooperation and vendorhave an effect on positive tobusiness ability with indicator attitude, emotional intelligence, skill and knowledge  but have not an effect to success of small business. Fourth, regulation of governmentwith indicator, quota, tariff, licensing and market information have an effect on positive tobusiness ability with indicator attitude, emotional intelligence, skill and knowledge but have not an effect to success of small business with indicator production efficiency and production extension. Fifth, business ability have an effect to success of small business.From the finding 1 to 5, the researcher conclude that, to increase small business successis needed five variables observed (education and training, assistance, partnership, and regulation and business ability) and to increase business abilityis needed of the four variables observed (education and training, assistance, partnership, and regulation).
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4

Challenges of Human Rights Abuses in Nigerian Democratic Governance – Which Way Forward ?

Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was unanimously adopted and proclaimed by the United Nations through the General Assembly Resolution 217A(111) on the 10th of December, 1948. Since its declaration, it has become fashionable for most countries of the world (Nigeria inclusive) to entrench the catalogue of rights in their national constitutions. Regrettably, in Nigeria and indeed in Africa, people are usually subjected to physical and mental torture. The case of accidental discharges, domestic violence, detention without trial, kidnappings, and police brutality are common occurrences. In short, the Nigerian experience has shown the level at which peoples’ integrity and dignity are not respected and protected in the society. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines the challenges of human rights abuses in Nigeria. It also explores some conceptual clarifications and further examines various threats to human rights in Nigerian society. The paper concludes by recommending among others, the strengthening of independence of the judiciary, press freedom, democratic rules/principles, human rights education and public vigilance to curtail human rights abuses and promote good governance in Nigeria.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 05-2014 Issue: 5

Metered and Unmetered Billing: How Asymmetric are the Phcn Bills?

Research Article
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Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
This study provides evidence on the existence of asymmetries in the metering of electricity by the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) between January 2005 and November, 2013.Using Chiappori-Salanie correlation statistics and data from the response of 720 electricity consumers and 524 PHCN bills within the Benin Electricity Distribution Company, the study observed that the electricity bills were asymmetric. The asymmetries were observed for both the metered and unmetered consumers over the period. For the metered consumers, the asymmetry was more prevalent for the analogue than the prepaid meter users. The asymmetry existed mainly through procurement of meter in the case of the prepaid meter users. The study argues that estimated billings by the PHCN give room for asymmetry and overprices energy consumptions. The study suggests a prepaid metering of all electricity consumers in Nigeria.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 05-2014 Issue: 5

An Inventory Model with Lost Sale is Time Dependent

Research Report
Author(s):
Journal: The Economics and Finance Letters

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Abstract
In this paper, we shall construct an inventory model with partially backlogged shortage and Poisson demand. In the shortage period, we assume that lost sale is dependent on the length of waiting time. Under these assumptions, we find the optimal planning and shortage periods such that the expected profit per unit time is maximized. Also, we can estimate the optimal expected backordered quantity and the expected order quantity.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4

Long-Run Relationships and Causality Tests Between Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in India

Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: The Economics and Finance Letters

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Abstract
Economists recognize that the public expenditure has an impact on economic growth. The rising level of military spending over other classes of public expenditure like economic and social services has raised a serious concern among scholars and have been at the core of recent development literature and thinking.   In this study, we focus on to reexamine the effects of military spending on economic growth in India using annual data from the period of 1980 to 2011. The analysis is carried out within a multivariate setting that includes real GDP, real government military expenditure, population and real export.. In this paper, the autoregressive distributive lags (ARDL) cointegration approach is used to reexamine the long-run relationships among the variables. We then employ the Granger causality test to identify the direction of causality. The results for ARDL tests indicate that there is a significant relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in the short run, while the long run results suggest otherwise. While the estimated granger causality outcomes, revealed a unidirectional relationship between GDP and military spending.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4

The Consent Process in Clinical Research: An Insight into Developing Countries

Research Article
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Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
Informed consent is an integral part of Research Ethics. A transparent consent is vital to safeguard the rights of research participants. However, the recommendations for obtaining consent differ according to cultural context. This paper has discussed some of the disputed aspects of informed consent and has proposed some recommendations. Finally, it is concluded that a relational autonomy model is an appropriate choice to obtain a culturally relevant consent in developing countries rather than a formal written consent.
Contribution/ Originality


Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 3

Comparing and Contrasting the Concept of the Intellect between Classical Muslim Philosophers with Modern Cognitive Psychologists: A Definitional Reflection

Research Article
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Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
The concept of the intellect greatly attracted Classical Muslim Philosophers and still attracts the attention of the Modern Cognitive Psychologists as well. A lot of scientific as well as non-scientific studies and researches have been carried out; unfortunately, this concept is still one of the most misunderstood concepts of human nature. The study presented and analyzed the opinions of the two groups, emphasizing their definition and understanding of what the intellect is, and what it entails, this culminated into a critical analysis of its relationship to knowledge production and acquisition. This is a qualitative study and it utilized textual analysis methodology. The study noted sharp differences in the definition and understanding of the intellect between Classical Muslim Philosophers whose understanding was mainly based on the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet,  (pbuh) while Modern Cognitive Psychologists understanding was mainly based on personal opinions, observations and reasoning. The study views that this concept will continue to be misunderstood and vaguely defined since it is abstract in nature, a better and a sound understanding can be reached through authentic revealed knowledge. 
Contribution/ Originality


Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 3

French Students of Maghreb Background and Entrepreneurship

Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management

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Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze the theoretical motivations for entrepreneurship among French students of Maghreb background (hereafter FSMB). Indeed, there are two opposing logics: the entrepreneurial logic, and the social integration one. Is entrepreneurship still seen as a last chance for these young studentswho are stigmatized (Goffman, 1975) and socially labeled (Becker, 1985), and who remain very often unemployed after graduation? Or does it fit in the context of the ambitious individual who wants to find a place of one’s own in an increasingly competitive social environment. This study also addresses the question of ethnic entrepreneurship by analyzing the specificity of the potential corporate projects of the French students of North African origins.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 07-2014 Issue: 7

Reminiscing Stock Splits Announcement: A Malaysian Case

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Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management

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Abstract
This study attempts to understands and verify the effects of stock splits on the abnormal returns of announcing companies share prices using Market Adjusted Returns (MAR) Model. Test findings reveal splits announcements in Malaysia result in positive but insignificant abnormal returns. Additional OLS test was carry out to examine the relationship between companies’ cumulative abnormal returns (CAAR) and prior dividend yield (PDY). Result from uni-variate regression analysis shows there is minimal but significant positive relationship between CAAR and PDY.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 07-2014 Issue: 7

Teachers Characteristics and Students’ Performance Level in Senior Secondary School Financial Accounting

Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Journal of Empirical Studies

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship that exists between teachers’ characteristics (qualification, years of experience) and students’ performance level in Senior Secondary School Financial Accounting. In doing this, the study investigated selected teachers characteristics and students performance level in Senior Secondary School Financial Accounting using correlation research design. The study was limited to Senior Secondary Schools in Ondo State.  A total of 200 students were selected through purposive sampling technique to participate in the study. Two research questions were raised and answered. Two validated instruments titled; Teachers Qualification and Experience Questionnaire (TQEQ) and Financial Accounting Achievement Test (FAAT) were used for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was the major statistical tool employed for data analysis. Findings revealed that a positive relationship exists between teachers’ characteristics (Qualification and Experience) and performance level of the students in Financial Accounting. It is recommended among others that capacity development scheme should be put in place for teachers with the aim of enhancing their efficiency and improving students’ performance.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2

Game Analysis on Influence Mechanism of Equity Incentive on R&D Investments

Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Review of Knowledge Economy

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Abstract
A game model between shareholders and manager is built to analyze influence mechanism of equity incentive on R&D investments based on principal-agent theory. Research shows that there are inverted U-shaped relationships between equity incentive and R&D investments, the modest equity should be gave for stimulate manager.
Contribution/ Originality
The paper offers a powerful model and an innovative way for researchers to analyze influence mechanism of equity incentive on R&D investments and understand the embedded relationships between shareholders and manager.

Business & Management » Review of Knowledge Economy » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1

Marketing Destination Zimbabwe During and Post the 2000-2008 Political and Economic Crises

Research Article
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Journal: Journal of Tourism Management Research

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Abstract
Consequences of political and economic crises on tourist destinations are profound and inescapable. This paper discusses the 2000-2008 political and economic crisis issue in Zimbabwe in relation to the tourism industry. The 2000-2008 political and economic environment was characterised by political stand- off among the three major political parties, heightened negative publicity, shortages of basic commodities, hyperinflation and isolation of Zimbabwe by the international community. During the height of this crisis, international visitors declined sharply and hotels reported a one digit occupancy figure triggering a tourism crisis. This paper has some significance, as the tourism industry was greatly affected by the political and economic instability. Yet the overall marketing and promotional strategies adopted by stakeholders during and post the crisis to put the tourism industry on the recovery path have been rather minimal. The study used secondary sources of data and netnography to collect data. The article argues that tourist destinations that are prone to political and economic instabilities should be pro-active and device novel marketing strategies to reassure prospective tourists of the safety of the destination. The study revealed that destination Zimbabwe re-engaged with the western markets, courted the Asian market, bid to host high profile events and sought destination endorsement as a cocktail of practical marketing strategies to revive the tourism sector. Recommendations include collaborative marketing campaigns fronted by political leaders, activation of tourism police service and partnering with embassies to ensure visitor`s safety. Future research is suggested at micro level and industry sub-sector level like hotels and tour operators on how they individually market their products during a crisis period.
Contribution/ Originality


Business & Management » Journal of Tourism Management Research » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1

The Sustainable Livelihoods Index: A Tool To Assess the Ability and Preparedness of the Rural Poor in Receiving Entrepreneurial Project

Research Article
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Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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This paper describes the Sustainable Livelihoods Index (SLI) as a useful tool in assessing the livelihood elements of the rural poor households. Income data alone may not fully reflect the suitability of the hardcore poor in receiving government assistance in the form of entrepreneurial projects. In this case rendered projects do not take into account the ability and preparedness of the poor in receiving the projects. The main objective of this study is to measure comprehensively all the livelihood elements of the rural poor households through developing a Sustainable Livelihood Index (SLI). This index was based on Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) framework. A total of 22 livelihood assets and outcomes indicators were identified from the data set and broadly grouped into five groups of assets namely human, physical, natural, social, financial assets and 2 groups of livelihoods outcomes which are food security and health status. Then, an aggregate SLI for each household was constructed by averaging all the seven groups of livelihood assets and outcomes indices with an equal weight. Overall, about 73% of considered households were attained an SLI below than 0.5, with a mean of 0.47. With regard to household income that has been used as a poverty measurement, the study found that the Sustainable Livelihood Index (SLI) was moved in tandem with the total of household income. There are 90.91% of the households in hardcore poor group were obtained SLI below 0.5 indicating that households with a low income will also have a low SLI. Although income and SLI were moved in the same direction, this paper suggests the use of SLI as a more analytically rigorous tool to assess the ability and preparedness of the rural poor than the regular use of household income level alone.  Besides it may help the local authorities to broaden their scope in a manageable way as to ensure the sustainability of a given project.  
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 6

Fiscal Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Citizens View

Research Article
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Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
This study intends to corroborate the positive theoretical relationship between fiscal decentralization and poverty reduction (Crook and Manor, 1998; Moore and Putzel, 1999; World Bank, 2001) base on non-monetary measurement. A qualitative research method was applied for the study. Focus group discussions was conducted using one-hundred and thirty (130) stakeholders in the community divided into five (5) area councils. The study revealed participants clear understanding of poverty. There was however, a limited support from the findings on the theoretical construct on the positive relation between fiscal decentralization and poverty reduction using non-monetary measurement. It was therefore recommended authorities must tackle both economic and social dimensions in any policy definition in order to achieve success at poverty reduction.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 6

Investigate of Mechanical Fuse in Cardan Shaft Using FEM

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Journal: Review of Information Engineering and Applications

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Abstract
A Cardan shaft is a mechanical component for transmitting torque and rotation, usually used to connect drive shaft to driven shaft that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between them. If overload is applied to cardan shaft, failure can occur in each part of the cardan shaft and maybe some irreparable damage occur to the cardan shaft. Thus it is important to investigate the existence of mechanical fuse in cardan shaft, and this subjcet is analyzed by Abaqus software and the results are illustrated that the cross shaft of an standard cardan shaft, fails first and is the best part as a mechanical fuse.
Contribution/ Originality


Computer Sciences » Review of Information Engineering and Applications » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1

Micro Biostratigraphy and Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Permian Dalan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)

Research Article
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Journal: International Journal of Geography and Geology

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Abstract
The objective of the present study is to perform Microbiostratigraphy and Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Permian Dalan Formation at a Well (Well 1) in the Zagros Basin. The Upper Permian Dalan Formation contains vast gas reservoirs in the southwest Iran and is composed of three Members: The Lower Dalan Member corresponds to Wordian to Capitanian; the Nar Member is latest Capitanian and the Upper Dalan Member corresponds to Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian. Lower and Upper Dalan Members include mainly limestone, dolomitic limestone and Nar member mostly consists of anhydrite and thin interlayer of dolomite. The biostratigraphic study allows individualizing Foraminifers from the Wordian to the Changhsingian (Middle to Late Permian). Based on the stratigraphic distributions of the Biostratigraphically significant fauna and flora the following 7 biozones and age determinations are proposed in the Upper Permian Dalan Formation: 7. Paraglobivalvulinoides septulifera zone (Changhsingian)6. Paradagmarita zone (Changhsingian)5. Rectostipulina zone (Wuchiapingian)4. Shanita zone (Capitanian)3. Paraglobivalvulina zone (Capitanian)2. Globivalvulina zone (Wordian)1. Eoverbeekina zone (Wordian)
Contribution/ Originality


Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Geography and Geology » Month: 03-2014 Issue: 3

Storage Stability of Intermediate Moisture Cauliflower Brassica Oleracea, Var, Botrytis Cabbage Brassica Oleracea, Var, Capitata Using Radiation as Hurdle Technology

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Journal: Journal of Food Technology Research

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Abstract
Processing conditions were established for developing shelf stable ‘intermediate moisture’ (IM) cabbage and cauliflower. The new protocols were based on the hurdle technology (HT) - a mild heat treatment, addition of 1% Potassium meta bi sulphite as antimicrobial agent, partial dehydration to lower water activity (aw ) using two methods - Infrared drying (IR) and Tray drying (TD). The IM vegetables prepared were packed in 400 gauge polyethylene covers and treated with low doses of gamma radiation as major hurdle technologyand observed for shelf life stability at ambient conditions (30oC and 65% RH). The physical, chemical and pathological stability were monitored during storage. Infra-red dried (IR) vegetables treated with gamma radiation at 0.75-1.0 kGyyielded a product with improved rehydration potential, appearance and maximum nutrient retention up to 43.1%-44.6 % of vitamin C with maximum shelf life of 5 to 7 months.No significant changes   were noticed in scores for color, taste, flavor, texture and overall acceptability during storage period. The growth of microbes were controlled throughout the study resulting in shelf stable IM vegetables.Among the four treatments studied, infrared dried with radiation dose of  0.75 kGy for cauliflower and1.0 kGy for cabbage  was found to be best in obtaining high quality IM products with optimum sensory, microbial, nutritional quality and storability.
Contribution/ Originality


Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1