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The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between reaction time and deception type and investigate the effect of deception type on reaction time during smash in Badminton. Sex Badminton players are high level athletes in the world participated in the last Olympic championship "London 2012", (mass 69.17±6.31 kg, length 178.00±0.06 cm. Reaction time is defined as the period of time that elapses between offensive player stroke the shuttle and opponent player move to shuttle direction. Smashes were analyzed of the last six matches in Olympic championship London 2012, two matches in Quarter-finals, two matches of Semi-finals, Bronze Medal Match and Gold Medal Match. Dartfish v.7 software motion analysis used to analysis 230 smashes and for the statistical analysis of the data the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used. The complex deception is more difficult types of deception for the opponents as the player use more than a tool during the striking and then the degree of difficulty followed by arm deception, while the performance of the smashes without deception gives a greater opportunity for an opponent to anticipate the strike and then stopped, and this means that the increase the degree of difficulty of deception increased the time of reaction necessary to repel the strike, thereby increasing the opportunity to make the point, therefore must specify a part in the content of the training programs for the smashes combined with different types of deception. Contribution/ Originality
This study uses new estimation methodology to determine the reaction time for different deception types during smash in badminton. This methodology depended to use motion analysis software to determine the reaction time during a real situation in the match. These data may be important for badminton’s coaches to smash performance training. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 3
Acute Renal Failure, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Changes in Three Cases with Ileostomy
Ileostomy is a standard surgical procedure performed in order to protect the anastomosis and reduce the complication risk in colorectal surgery. Dehydration is one of the most important complications of ileostomy and dehydration-induced renal failure. We present three ileostomy cases that had undergone bowel resection for small bowel perforation, two of which due to mesenteric ischemia, and the other one due to a gunshot injury, all three developing acute renal failure. As ileostomy patients carry the risk of life-threatening renal failure and electrolyte and acid-base changes due to dehydration, clinicians should follow-up these patients closely considering the possible complications of ileostomy. Contribution/ Originality
Climate change has manifested to largely affect the most vulnerable areas in developing countries. Semi-Arid areas are among the most vulnerable. To lessen the impact, different areas are trying to adapt to the changing climate. The adaptation is, however, relative to specific areas’ social-economic and physical set up. It is against this fact that semi-arid areas also have their own technologies and strategies to adapt to climate change. Therefore, the study was carried out at Chololo village in Dodoma Municipality, which is a semi-arid area, to analyze Climate Change Adaptation Technologies in Semi-Arid Areas. A total of 110 respondents were interviewed. Majority of the households (92.5%) were reported to depend on agriculture as the main stay of their economy. The major findings of the study revealed that adaptation to climate change is more on the use of natural resources and livelihood at large. Therefore, there are adaptation strategies in Agriculture, Energy, Water, Livestock and Economic technologies. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents adaptation mechanisms employed by people living in semi arid areas against climate change impacts on their livelihoods. Communities in semi arid Tanzania and particularly in Dodoma are agro-pastoral and therefore highly vulnerable to climate change impacts as their livelihood depends solely on nature. Economics » Journal of Challenges » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
Equity Implications of the Universal Primary Education Funding Mechanisms in Uganda
The study sought to establish whether or not the way Universal Primary Education (UPE) is funded in Uganda is equitable among the different socioeconomic groups, gender, religions and disability. This was based on the view that if the expenditure on education is to benefit the entire society, it must be equitably distributed. Furthermore, specific groups have special requirements that need specific attention. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and was majorly qualitative. Key stakeholders interviewed included officials at the Ministry of Education and Sports headquarters, District Education Officials, head teachers, teachers, parents, pupils, and opinion leaders in ten (10) districts in Uganda. The study findings revealed that although some elements of equity were evident, there were no deliberate efforts by the financiers of the UPE program to ensure equity. The study also revealed measures like increased funding, sensitization of key stakeholders, linkages between sectors and needs assessment for appropriate intervention in order to ensure equity in funding. The study recommended that the Government of Uganda and other stakeholders must put in place deliberate provisions to ensure equitable funding of the UPE program.NB: The national currency in Uganda is the Uganda Shilling (Shs.) and the exchange rate at the time of conducting the study was 1US$ = 2,650 Shs. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is the finding that although Universal Primary Education in Uganda is public funded it is not equitably distributed among identified groups like the male versus females, the rich and the poor, various religious groups; and funding bodies have not taken deliberate steps to ensure equity. Business & Management » Review of Knowledge Economy » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
Process Parametrs Affecting the Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis and Electrolyser Characteristic
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research
The hydrogen production by solar electrolysis depends on the distance between the electrode and the test tube. In fact, the height (h = 3cm) was the best taken as a parameter while relying on the rate of production as a measure of effectiveness. Raising the temperature increases the input electrolyzer voltage, which results in a temperature rise electrolyte to a value of 8.2V at 100 °C. Sunshine is strongly influenced the hydrogen production where changes from one site to another. The effects of the salinity degrees is investigated, which displayed a decrease of the hydrogen flow for the salt masses included between 50 and 130 g/l. Additionally, the current density was higher in acid-base environment, and lower in neutral for pH values around 6.4 and 8.4. Moreover, the hydrogen flow was higher for the electrolyte based margin. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents summarizes the influence of key process parameters on electrolysis hydrogen production. The obtained information can also be used to design and operate the step processes for electrolysis production only. As result, hydrogen yields obtained in this study are improved. Additionally, this paper provides an insight to these parameters in regards to minimize the energy loss of the water electrolysis process. Engineering » International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research » Month: 01-2015 Issue: 1
Hot Water Enhanced Germination of Leucaena Leucocephala Seeds in Light and Dark Conditions
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Current Research in Agricultural Sciences
Leucaena leucocephala has a great potential in crop and livestock production. However, the plant is difficult to propagate from both seeds and stem cuttings Scarification treatment has the prospective of enhancing seed germination. Chemicals and water have been used for seed scarification. This study evaluated the effectiveness of hot and boiling water in enhancing the germination of Leucaena leucocephala seed. Information on the condition (light or dark) at which Leucaeana seeds germinate better is also provided. The seeds were immersed in hot water and boiling water for 1, 2, 3, and 4 minutes respectively. At twenty-one days after the set-up of the experiment, untreated L. leucocephala seeds had 0 % and 13.3 % germinations under light and dark conditions respectively.; seeds immersed in boiling water for 1- 4 minutes did not germinate irrespective of the condition of germination while all the seeds immersed in hot water for one to three minutes had total (100%) germination; delaying the period of immersing the seeds in hot water to four minutes resulted in significantly less percentage germination than the aforementioned ones immersed in hot water for one to three minutes but had significantly greater germination than the untreated seeds. Dark and light conditions resulted in similar percentage seed germination outcome. Immersing Leucaena leucocephala seeds for one minute is recommended. Planting seeds in dark condition is recommended since continuous light provided no additional germination outcome, in spite of the additional cost of providing continuous light in the growth of seeds under light condition. Contribution/ Originality
The life insurance industry in India is and has been growing at a rapid rate since opening up of the sector in 2000. The size of the country, an assorted set of people pooled with problems of connectivity in rural areas, makes insurance selling in India a very difficult task. Life insurance companies require vast circulation strength and incredible human resource to come out to such a huge customer base. This delivery will undergo a sea transformation as various insurance companies are trying to bring insurance products into the lives of the common man by making them available at the most critical financial point, the local bank branch, through Bancassurance. Simply put, bancassurance is the method through which insurance products are sold to customers at their local banks. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature by looking at insurance product when get sold at critical financial point i.e bank. It highlights the potential growth of bancassurance in India with vast population and only small percent market of insurance is tapped so far. This paper will find the motivation of banks to sell insurance products through their own channels. Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4
Awareness and Perception of Muslim Consumers on Halal Cosmetics and Personal Care Products
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
Muslim populations increasing throughout the world, the awareness on consuming Halal also goes in the same parallel trend. Halal now extends to other areas other than food, such as cosmetics, personal care products, toiletries, fragrance, and skincare products. Malaysia has developed Malaysian Standard MS 2200: Part 1: 2008 as guidelines for Halal cosmetics and personal care industry. Thus, this research paper aims to identify the factors that influence the awareness and perception of Muslim consumers on Halal cosmetics and personal care products. The research also aims to confirm whether the identified variables are significant to the awareness and perception of Muslim consumers on Halal cosmetics and personal care products. The sample of the research consisted of 236 government servants in the state of Selangor. The data are collected through questionnaire and analysed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis such as correlation and multiple regression analysis. The result of the study revealed that the three factors; Advertising (X1), Knowledge (X2) and Attitude (X3) which all are significant. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the awareness and perception of Muslim consumers on Halal cosmetics and personal care products. A lot of studies have been done on Halal food and its related industries including Islamic finances, but less on non-food. Halal cosmetics and personal care products are currently in attention and demand from the consumers and producers as well. Thus, this study intends to investigate the factors that influence the awareness and perception of Muslim consumer on Halal cosmetics and personal care products. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 01-2015 Issue: 1
Single Crystal Growth of Coumarin Dyes and Study of Their Electrical Conductivity
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research
Three coumarin derivatives i.e., 7-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (umbelliferone) 3a, 4-methyl umbelliferone (C-4), 3b and 7-amino-4-methyl-benzopyran-2-one (C-120), 3c were synthesised by both conventional and microwave assisted synthetic methods and characterized. The pure compounds were initially grown into seeds (minute crystals having potential to grow into large crystals) and developed into single crystals using solution growth technique in a cryostat under careful monitoring. The desired single crystals were isolated and studied for their electrical conductivity properties by two terminal method. The results are promising and these pure organic compounds (coumarins) can act as promising semi-conductors. Contribution/ Originality
The aquaculture industry has made a great contribution towards economic development of Malaysia. However, the large volume of water consumption and the wastewater discharged into the water source caused a significant environmental problem that must be controlled properly. For instance, aquaculture waste may decrease dissolved oxygen level and load high nutrient and inorganic contaminants which subsequently would cause water deterioration. Thus, to ensure the effectiveness of aquaculture practices, the suitable wastewater management approach should be acquainted. Phytoremediation, which are the application of plant-based technologies, are beginning to be accepted to examine the problems and provide sustainable solutions for this issue. Therefore, this research aims to explore ecological approach by developing phytoremediation model system in order to remediate inorganic pollutants produced by aquaculture pond. In this paper, the efficiency of potential aquatic plants which are Glossostigma elatinoides and Hemianthus callitrichoides to sequester cadmium and copper were investigated. To achieve this, phytoremediation model system was developed using two selected species for three different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). This model system was run over three different periods of time, which are week 1, week 2, and week 3. The findings of this research suggested that the capability to sequester different concentration of heavy metals for certain periods of time were varied between different species. The results indicated that Glossostigma elatinoides was a good phytoremediator for Cd whereas Hemianthus callitrichoides was a good phytoremediator for Cu. The expected outcome of this research is to introduce cost- effective and eco-friendly technology to cater environmental pollution. Hence, having the thorough study on the effectiveness of this technology might contribute towards sustainable aquaculture practices in terms of ecological, economical, and social benefits. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that the capability of plant to sequester various concentrations of heavy metals for certain periods of time was varied between different species. Thus, having the thorough study on the effectiveness of phytoremediation might contribute towards sustainable aquaculture practices in terms of ecological, economical, and social benefits. Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
The Phenomenon of Money Politics and Nigeria’s Democratization: An Exploration of the Fourth Republic
It is an established fact that money politics is a global phenomenon, its trend in Nigeria’s electoral system is worrisome. Buying and selling of votes has become an accepted norm in Nigeria’s political arrangement and which threatens her readiness to embrace democratic virtues. Vying for political posts is left for rich individuals due to the huge amount of money involved in preparation for elective offices. Though the electoral act regulates political finance, its application is not obtainable. The electoral body that is responsible for monitoring and regulating expenses of candidates has not been vibrant in such obligation. This makes it imperative in this study to explore the ugly phenomenon of money politics in Nigeria’s democracy via its implication for sustainable development. The paper infers that until Nigerians move from politics of money and adopt politics of ideology and creativity, advancement of the country’s democracy might be a mirage. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature and also enhances knowledge advancement to the understanding of money and politics. Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 01-2015 Issue: 1
Review on Preparation and Description of Some First Series Divalent Transition Metal Complexes with Novel Schiff’s Base Ligands
Schiff’s bases are flexible ligands which are synthesized from the condensation of primary amines with carbonyl groups such as aldehydes and ketones. These compounds are very important in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields because of their wide spectrum of biological activities. Most of them exhibit biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal as well as antitumor activity. Metal complexes of the Schiff’s base ligands are generally prepared by treating metal salts with Schiff’s base ligands under appropriate experimental circumstances. Transition metal complexes derived from the Schiff’s base ligands with biological activity have been widely studied. This review summarizes the synthesis, biological activities and catalytic activities of Schiff base ligands and their transition metal complexes. Contribution/ Originality
Different desulphurization methods for scrap lead paste have been introduced. At this stage, the major methods are pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. The first one is the general used method to recovery scrap lead acid batteries. It shows faster reaction speed, great handing capacity, higher production efficiency and well adapt for raw material, but products secondary pollutants of lead dust and sulfur dioxide on these processes. The second one shows favorable environmental benefit for lower pollution, higher controllability, greater security and higher metal recovery rate, but it exists the problem of higher requirement for production equipment, higher energy consumption and longer technological processes. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is introducing the major desulphurization methods for scrap lead paste. Chemistry & Materials Sciences » International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 3
Marketing Location as a Key Determinant for Inflow of Direct Investments into Bosnia and Herzegovina
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability
The analysis of realized investments of individual regions and sub-regions opens up a question of relevant factors upon which foreign investors make decisions about investments into a certain location. Therefore, the objective of this paper is the theoretical elaboration of starting factors and determinants of foreign capital attractions, as well as, the observation of effects of marketing location on investment realisation. Identification of key motives, as well as the determination of the level of their significance in realisation of foreign investments into Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter B&H), is necessary in order to define the effect of incentive measures for investment realisation. The results, presented in this paper, are gathered through primary research of companies formed by realisation of foreign investments into B&H (written structured survey). The data has been gathered on basis of a simple random sample made up of 30 surveyed, that is, 30 companies from B&H territory that occurred as a result of the realisation of foreign direct investments (hereinafter FDI) in our country. The research results show that B&H, regardless of its unstable political situation, poor investment climate, complex government structure, has an exceptional potential for the increase of FDI inflow, and that it is still attractive to foreign investors due to its technical-technological know-how, its natural resources, as well as is qualified and educated labour force. Contribution/ Originality
From the theoretical aspect, the contribution of this paper is seen in the apostrophization of the role of foreign investments in economic growth of a country, and in the influence of marketing location on process of attraction of foreign capital. From the applicative aspect, the key contribution is in the systematization of key motives of realization of foreign investments into B&H, and in emphasis of the role of the institutional network of promoters and their activities in the attraction of foreign direct investments into B&H. Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 10-2014 Issue: 10
Reliability of the Turning Point Core Trainer as a Measure of Shoulder Hip Separation Angle, Shoulder Angular Velocity, and Hip Angular Velocity During Volleyball Spiking Actions
Separation of the shoulders and hips is an important contributor for rotational sports such as baseball and golf. Most recent has utilized Motion Capture technology. A new instrument has been developed as a tool to measure separation angle and can also be used to train the core musculature. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the reliability of shoulder hip separation angle (SHSA), shoulder angular velocity (SAV), and hip angular velocity (HAV) as measured using the Turning Point Core Trainer (TP) during volleyball spiking actions. Voluntary participants included 14 collegiate, Division I, female volleyball players from the University of Utah, ranging from 18-30 years of age. Participants completed 10 volleyball spike actions will fastened to the TP. SHSA was calculated at the height of the back swing. Participants were asked to provide maximal velocity during the forward phase thus providing SAV and HAV. Analysis for reliability demonstrated high Cronbach’s alpha coefficients across the 10 SHSA, SAV, and HAV (a =.98; a =.91; a =.94), respectively, indicating excellent internal consistency reliability for the TP. Follow-up research should examine whether or not training female outside hitters to increase SHSA at the top of the back swing, will increase SBV during either DL or DAC spikes. The TP measure of-axial rotation during spiking the internal consistency of the measures was high. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature regarding test re-test reliability using the Turning Point Core Trainer to assess torso rotation and the impact it has on sports performance. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
An Integrated Conceptual Model of Destination Branding – Touristmind
An assessment of the destination image which does not adopt a branding perspective is inevitably reductive, taking into account the competitive context of tourist destinations. Branding is perceived as fundamental to the conceptual development of destination branding, allowing the definition of a conceptual model to assess and monitor the destinations’ performance as brands and the behaviour of tourists as consumers. The aim of this study is to understand the process of formation of destination branding, its dimensions and its interrelationship proposing a new conceptual model, through an integrated perspective which examines brand identity (brand associations), brand image, perceived quality, satisfaction and loyalty, through the development of scales that allow a better understanding and measurement of these constructs. This article aims at contributing to the progress in the conceptualization of the destination branding which is identified as a concept critical to the success of the marketing of tourist destinations. Contribution/ Originality
The paper`s primary contribution is the proposal for a new integrated conceptual model, with more consistent measuring scales, in order to contribute to the Destination Branding conceptual advance, and thus, making available an new assessment tool of the Tourist Destinations branding for the Destination Management Organisations. Business & Management » Journal of Tourism Management Research » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
The main aim of this paper is devoted to derive some relations of Gegenbauer matrix polynomials of two variables. Volterra integral equation and a new representation of these matrix polynomials are given here. We introduce new generalized various forms of Gegenbauer matrix polynomials of two and three matrices by using the method of integral transforms to Hermite matrix polynomials. Furthermore, families of generating matrix functions are obtained and their applications are presented. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have been investigated to new families of Gegenbauer matrix polynomials of two variables with two and three matrices is introduced using integral transform method and allow the derivation of a wealth of relations involving these matrix polynomials, and discuss its various special cases and their applications are presented. These results allow us to note that the use of the method of the integral representation is a fairly important tool of analysis and can be usefully extended to other families of Gegenbauer matrix polynomials which is a problem for further work. Computer Sciences » Review of Computer Engineering Research » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Seed Extracts of Macrotyloma Uniflorum (Horse Gram)
The present study deals with preliminary phytochemical screening of seed extracts of Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram) and its antimicrobial activity against human bacterial pathogens. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Seeds of horse gram were evaluated for antibacterial using well diffusion method against some human bacterial pathogens. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of carbohydrate, steroid, tannins, phenol, protein and amino acid, and absence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and saponins. Antibacterial activity was tested against 9 human bacterial pathogens using alcoholic and aqueous extract. On comparing the antibacterial activity by alcoholic and aqueous extracts, they showed a moderate to high activity against 9 human pathogens. On considering the rate of antimicrobial activity against pathogens, alcoholic extract showed a better result in controlling the growth of bacteria than that of aqueous extract. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of the seed of horse gram plant M.uniflorum. The overall results showed promising baseline information for the potential therapeutic use of seeds M.uniflorum against human bacterial pathogens. Biological Sciences » The Asia Journal of Applied Microbiology » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Microbial Degradation of Organic Waste through Vermicomposting
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research
Every habitation produces a considerable amount of biodegradable waste that is discarded via dumping at various sites, in landfills, being burnt or is dumped in the river systems. Guyana is no exception - the water ways are polluted with plants, grass is constantly mowed from lawns, huge amounts of market refuse on a daily basis – contributes to unsightly land pollution. Vermicomposting is the best solution to getting rid of these biodegradable waste materials. Composting of grass, water hyacinth and a combination of grass with water hyacinth were successful. Final compost yields were at least 30%. This represents a huge decrease in compost volume. Therefore, vermiculture is an efficient method to reduce biodegradable solid waste. By using earthworms, waste is rapidly turned into vermicompost. Vermicompost has higher microorganism content and the activities of microorganisms (Actinomycetes, Azotobacter, Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas and Aspergillus) is responsible for enhanced plant productivity much more than would be possible from the mere conversion of mineral nutrients into more plant-available forms. Also, during this period, there is a reduction of Gram negative cocci bacteria and corresponding increase in Gram positive bacilli as time progresses towards the maturity of the vermicompost in all three compost samples. This would indicate a healthier finished product that is highly beneficial to plant growth. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the contribution of microbes in the process of large scale biodung mediated vermicomposting. The contribution is significant in the area of organic waste recycling that is necessitated towards clean environment. Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
Critical Review: Antioxidant Properties and Antibiotic Mechanism of Honey against Infectious Diseases
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Advances in Life Science and Technology
The advent of antibiotics in modern western medicine has made the use of honey in the treatment of infectious diseases abandoned. Hence this review exposes why honey remains the best antibiotic and its potency as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. Honey possesses some vital components such as Methylgyloxal, Bee defensin-1, Hydrogen peroxide, osmotic effect and phenolic compounds. Honey also possesses properties that inhibit the formation of biofilms. These made honey more powerful because it prevents the formation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria while conventional antibiotic fail because they only target the essential growth processes of bacteria and this allows bacteria to build up resistance over time. Contribution/ Originality
Abstract