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This study applies the theory of Readiness for Organizational Change (Holt et al., 2007) with respect to the Learning Management System (LMS) such as Blackboard. Widely adopted in organizational environments, this theory discusses four types of antecedents: content, process, context and individual differences in order to determine behavioral patterns in change recipients. Based on prior studies, and modifying Holt et al’s model, this paper created a Model for Readiness for Acceptance of Change (MRAC) to meet the requirements of implementing the Blackboard LMS at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Saudi Arabia. This paper studied three variables: readiness for acceptance for change, change beliefs and resistance to change. 340 respondents, male and female, comprising Faculty and students PSAU from all schools and levels, participated in this study. A questionnaire was prepared to collect data. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results suggested that readiness or acceptance for change is a multidimensional variable influenced by factors such as context, change beliefs, individual differences and resistance to change. The results also suggested that respondents were aware of the usefulness of a change, their beliefs were stronger but they lacked readiness for that change. Contribution/ Originality
This study shall contribute towards motivating Faculty and Students for adoption of Blackboard LMS. It will also provide useful insights to policy makers and university management to take initiatives for developing positive beliefs in Faculty and learners in order to develop Readiness for Change. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 04-2018 Issue: 4
Industrialization and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Human Capital in Structural Transformation
The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of the manufacturing sector on economic growth through the role of human capital. Our data cover Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 1990 to 2015. We use fixed effects, random-effects and Hausman-Taylor estimators. We take into account the unobservable characteristics of countries by including fixed effects or random effects in the model. Our results show that the manufacturing sector through its value added has a positive impact on economic growth in SSA countries. In addition, the interacting models show that the quality of human capital is an accelerator of the role of the manufacturing sector. The coefficient of the catch-up term is negative and significant in all models indicating that countries with a larger productivity gap relative to China are developing faster than countries closer to China. This finding is consistent with the convergence effects usually found in growth model estimates, which are either related to convergences towards a stable state or to a catching-up of growth linked to the international diffusion of knowledge. Contribution/ Originality
Unlike previous work, this article brings three major innovations. First, the inclusion of the key role of human capital, then the construction of the productivity indicator by considering China as a reference, and finally the consideration of the endowments of natural resources of countries in sub-Saharan Africa as country-specificity. Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 06-2018 Issue: 1
Trade Policy and Democracy for Development in Central African Countries
This article shows that trade policy and democracy positively affect economic development. A panel of 11 Central Africa economies with 176 observations from 1995 to 2010 is used to econometrically test this hypothesis. The use of Generalised Least Squares (GLS) shows that there is a link between economic development, captured using Human Development Indicators (HDI), democracy, imports, exports, inflation and regional integration. Inflation and exports negatively affect the well-being of the population. An increase in the inflation rate causes a reduction in purchasing power. An increase in the exports of commodities tends to decrease the quantity of goods available for the country of origin. Imports have a positive effect on HDI probably because this variable tends to increase the quantity of goods available. Imports and democracy have a positive effect on the level of development in Central African countries. The findings are important to policy makers Central Africa who seek to increase trade within, between and with other democratic countries. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents that trade policy and democracy contribute positively to economic development. Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 06-2018 Issue: 1
Insecticidal Activities of Five Medicinal Plant Materials against Callosobruchus Maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Infesting Cowpea Seeds in Storage
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology
Powders from five elite plant materials (nutmeg, Myristica fragrans; red hot chilli pepper, Capsicum annuum; ginger rhizome, Zingiber officinale; black pepper, Piper nigrum and alligator pepper, Aframomum melegueta) at 1.5 % w/w concentration were assessed against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus infestations on stored cowpea seeds under laboratory environmental conditions in three agro-ecological zones in Nigeria by members of the Research Group. The conventional synthetic insecticide, permethrin was included as standard check, while untreated seeds served as the control. Adult mortality, oviposition rate and adult emergence were the indices considered in the experiments. For the first three days of exposure, black pepper (P. nigrum) powder caused the highest percentage mortality (68.8, 78.0 and 83.8 % respectively) of the bruchid adults and differed significantly (P < 0.01) from the rest of other treatments with the exception of permethrin that caused 78.8, 85.0 and 91.3 % mortality respectively. Similarly, black pepper powder and permethrin treatments differed significantly (P < 0.01) from the rest on number of eggs laid and emerged adults with the exception of Z. officinale rhizome, which did not differ significantly from P. nigrum on number of eggs laid. The results therefore suggest that black pepper powder has higher insecticidal potential over other plant materials and could serve as a biotechnological substitute to the synthetic insecticides in the control of C. maculatus infestations and damage in stored products. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that some bioinsecticides derived from medicinal plant materials could serve as substitute to the hazardous synthetic insecticides at economically justified concentration in the control of C. maculatus infestation and damage in stored cowpea seeds. Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 01-2018 Issue: 1
Does Agricultural Sector Contribute to the Economic Growth in Case of Republic of Benin?
Every nation has his own resources contributing to the well-being of population and the creation of wealth. The sector that contributes in the country growth is not unique, but there are some who require a close look because they have large contribution in the economic growth such as agriculture sector. The determinants of a country economic growth are a lot but contribute differently to the growth. In this paper, we will discuss the extent of agricultural sector to the economic growth in Republic of Benin and how much it contributes. We will use time series data from 1970 to 2016 and co-integration method considering the order of integration. The results reveal that the GDP per capita, agricultural value added and the human development index have long-run relationship. In addition, an expansion of agricultural sector will have a significant impact on the economy in the long-run and ameliorate the living condition of population. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the relationship between agricultural sector and the economic growth in Republic of Benin. It gives the empirical answer to the extent of agricultural sector contribution in the economy of Republic of Benin. Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 06-2018 Issue: 2
Outside in, Inside Out: Tourism Competitiveness and Brazilian Strategy Analysis
The paper identifies and characterizes the Brazilian strategy to cope with the international competitiveness in tourism as well as implementation of the governance mechanisms suitable for regions and destination in the country. This research is a case study using qualitative analysis and descriptive results. Investigative procedures adopted the methods of the documents content analysis and specialised bibliography. It is used the T&TCI-WEF series secondary data sources for analysis “Outside In” and the ICTN-MTUR for “Inside Out” analysis. The comparison between both shows symmetrical similarity between the results and distinct point of the view are converging and similar in the overall analysis of Brazil destination’s competitiveness. Infrastructure, safety and security problems and unstable business environment are factors, which burden further T&T development in the country. From the point of view of opportunities, the analysis of the evolution of both views reveals and highlights important elements for the establishment of tourism competitiveness strategies for Brazil in base its potential. Contribution/ Originality
Analyses the performance of competitiveness from its historical evolution; Compares two different methodologies for assessing the tourism competitiveness; It uses competitiveness studies as a methodology to evaluate the implementation of strategies in tourism; It serves as a basis for the evaluation of public tourism policies and definition of actions. Business & Management » Journal of Tourism Management Research » Month: 03-2018 Issue: 1
International Tourism Demand in Bangladesh: An ARDL Bounds Test Approach
Tourism can somewhat be compared to the Cinderella industry, much because of its development being unattended despite having immense potentials in generating development within an economy. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature by modeling tourist demand in Bangladesh as a function of its real fundamentals using time series data over the period 1980 to 2017. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root tests along with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and causality analyses are considered. The results reveal that the relative cost of living in Bangladesh and travel costs negatively affect international tourism demand while the relative cost of living in India, national income and exchange rate are found to be positively associated to tourism demand in Bangladesh. Moreover, long run causalities stemming from all the explanatory variables to tourism demand are also established in light of the statistical evidence found. Thus, it is pertinent for the government to escalate tourism development in Bangladesh which can also play a pivotal role in the diversification of the nation's export basket. Contribution/ Originality
To the best of knowledge there is no empirical paper focusing on the international tourism sector of Bangladesh economy. This paper fills that gap by employing a multivariate framework to determine the demand side factors influencing tourism in Bangladesh. Business & Management » Journal of Tourism Management Research » Month: 03-2018 Issue: 1
Determinants of Public Sector Corruption in Nigeria
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research
This study have examined the determinants of corruption in Nigeria's public sector using ten local government areas in Lagos State and Federal Capital Territory in Abuja during the period 2017-2018. Plethora of studies has analyzed the relationship between corruption and economic growth using different econometric techniques and statistical simulation. This study, however, departed from the common methodological approach by conducting a survey of corruption in public sector to ascertain its determinants. Findings from a survey of one thousand and seventy six (1976) subjects were documented and multiple variables emanated as critical determinants of corruption in public sector. The study recommends that policy makers should intensify efforts at re-orientating the society against the ills of corruption by establishing high ethical standards to which all and sundry must adhere. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing body of literature by adopting a survey technique to ascertain the determinants of corruption in Nigeria's public sector by exploring ten (10) local government areas in Lagos State and Federal Civil Service in Abuja. A large number of studies in this area have employed theoretically established and econometric expositions to validate the determinants of corruption. The study uses common statistical technique to analyze both the causal and determinate variables motivating corruption. Economics » International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research » Month: 03-2019 Issue: 1
Exchange Rate and Foreign Reserves Interface: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
This work was set out to measure the responsiveness of foreign reserves to exchange rate variables with a focus on the Nigerian economy. Foreign reserve was used as a dependent variable and all the exchange rate related variables used as independent variables. Time series data spanning 1996 to 2016 was used. A combined use of the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and correlation matrix were employed. It was found that a positively significant relationship exists between real exchange rate and reserves with nominal exchange rate sharing a positive but non-significant relationship with foreign reserves. This makes a case for proper policy direction in the management of exchange rate in a manner that produces the best economic results for the Nigerian economy. The results are considered useful for economies in the shape of Nigeria for generalization and policy direction in the management of foreign reserve and its interface with exchange rate and its related factors. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by uncoupling exchange rate into nominal and real in measuring the nexus with foreign reserves. This study uses new estimation methodology which is the ARDL approach unlike prior studies that used OLS predominantly. The paper contributes the first logical analysis by carrying out pre-test, estimation proper and diagnostic analyses. The paper's primary contribution is that it exposes the fact that a nexus exists between foreign reserves and changes in exchange rate. Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 03-2019 Issue: 1
Anxiety in Classroom Presentation in Teaching - Learning Interaction in English for Students of Indonesian Study Program at Higher Education
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
Anxiety in the classroom presentation has a debilitating effect on students’ success in learning a foreign language (FL) or a second language (L2). This article aimed at investigating students’ Anxiety in classroom presentation in Teaching – Learning Interaction of English as a Foreign Language for Students of Indonesian Study Program in general at higher education levels in Indonesia. The participants of this study were the students of Indonesian Education and Literature Department, Faculty of Education and Literature, Universitas Negeri Makassar (N = 62). There were 55 or 88.71% females and 7 or 11.29% males from the seventh (42 or 67.75%) and ninth (20 or 32.25%) semesters. The findings reveal that the most frequent source of students’ anxiety was attending disorganized classroom presentation. The implication of the study is that anxiety is an interesting phenomenon in language study which potentially contributes to students’ failure. Therefore, teachers at a school need to manage the class well, while the lecturers at the university need to give a lot of time for students to learn the topics for discussion. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on Anxiety in classroom presentation in teaching - learning interaction in English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia. As one of contributing factors to classroom low achievement, Anxiety syndrome needs to be understood by teachers and learners at the university. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 01-2019 Issue: 1
Industry 4.0: Employers Expectations of Accounting Graduates and its Implications on Teaching and Learning Practices
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
This study aims to examine employers’ expectations of knowledge and skills in accounting graduates before hiring them. Using a qualitative approach on accounting practitioners and academics, this study shows that the expectations employers place on accounting students in the Industry 4.0 environment is set to change significantly, particularly in technologies used in the preparation, reporting and dissemination of financial information. Specifically, this study showcases the strong views expressed by a panel of experts comprising accounting practitioners, particularly on the subjects of job redundancies and the degree of replacement of human activities by electronic devices and machines. The replacement of physical human activities by machines is therefore expected. In addition, accounting practitioners see the need for accounting graduates to focus on continuous learning and education, particularly in acquiring knowledge and skills in IT. Hence, there is a need for academics and universities to incorporate various accounting technologies and simulations that are applicable to the Industry 4.0 environment, in their teaching and learning activities. This study contributes to existing education literature by providing new findings on the expectations of employers of future accounting graduates. In addition, this study contributes to the further understanding of academics and universities in strategizing ways and innovating new teaching and learning approaches so that accounting graduates’ employability can be enhanced and the needs of the current market for accountants can be accommodated. Contribution/ Originality
This study is the first to provide findings on the expectations of employers of future accounting graduates in the era of Industry 4.0 in a Malaysian context. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 01-2019 Issue: 1
Microbiology and chemical preservation of Eggplants sold in five popular markets in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Preservatives have been frequently used to improve the shelf life of food. The preservation of eggplants was determined using three chemical preservatives; ascorbic acid, sodium benzoate and sodium metabisulphite applied at different concentrations. The microbial load was determined to ascertain the efficacy of the preservatives. The microbiological population and diversity of the eggplant was assessed before and after treatment using standard methods. The plate count techniques was adopted to determine the total colony forming unit of the sample. Antimicrobial activities revealed that sodium benzoate inhibits the growth of bacterial and fungal species even at low concentration. Sodium metabisulphite was effective on bacteria while ascorbic acid showed a stimulatory response on the growth of fungi and bacteria. Four bacteria species namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Enterococcus faecalis and four fungal species, namely, Saccharomyces, Fusarium, Aspergillus and Rhizopus were isolated. Most of the isolates are soil and water borne which could serve as vehicle for contamination of the eggplants. Some of the isolates like Staphylococcus and Bacillus are involved in food spoilage and borne infections while Aspergillus and Fusarium species are notable causes of mycotoxicoses in man and animals. This study shows that preservatives applied at appropriate concentrations can create adequate protection from spoilage microorganisms, and therefore recommends the use of sodium benzoate to enhance the keeping quality of eggplants. Contribution/ Originality
In this study, the prediction issue of oil viscosity, on oil samples taken from Guneshli oil field of Azerbaijan has been viewed applying empirical correlations as Beggs-Robinson, Labedi, modified Kartoatmodjo, Elsharkawy and Alikhan, Al-Khafaji. The correlation models used in the evaluation of viscosity of Azerbaijan oil have been implemented in the Python software environment. The obtained values on empirical correlations have been compared to experimental data obtained from Guneshli oil field. The result of prediction has been evaluated using statistic functions as absolute average deviation (AAD), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient, root mean square error (RMSE). According to statistical analysis, it has been known that the Beggs-Robinson model has shown the lowest value on AAD (10.5614%), MAE (12.4427 %), RMSE (20.0853 %). The Labedi model has presented the worst result on every four criterions. Even though the Elsharkawy-Alikhan model has presented the highest result (99.9272%) on correlation coefficient, in the evaluation of viscosity of Azerbaijan crude oil, the Beggs-Robinson model can be considered more acceptable. Contribution/ Originality
All authors contributed equally to the conception and design of the study. Computer Sciences » Review of Information Engineering and Applications » Month: 03-2019 Issue: 1
Network Traffic Analysis Using Queuing Model and Regression Technique
The flow of network traffic on business and academic networks has been on the increase. This necessitates the issue of proper management of traffic network flow in order to ensure optimum performance. Network analysis looks at certain performance measures with a view to gaining insight into the pattern of flow in the network. This research employs a queuing model and regression technique to analyse the performance of the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) network. Traffic data flows were captured over a period of four weeks using Wireshark capturing tool at different strategic locations in the campus. The arrival rate and service rate were used to obtain the intensity of traffic at these locations. Analysis of the data assisted in determining the variability in the traffic flow. The major contribution of this research is that it developed an empirical model that identified variables that significantly determines network traffic. The model could assist network administrators to monitor, plan and improve on the quality of service. Contribution/ Originality
This paper’s primary contribution is that it employed multiple regression to identify the factors that determine network traffic. The model could be used to plan the usage and monitoring of computer networks Computer Sciences » Journal of Information » Month: 03-2019 Issue: 1
Impact of Participatory Decision Making on Organisational Goal Attainment
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
The study centred on participatory decision making and organizational goal attainment. This study investigated the extent to which participative decision making affects the organizational goal attainment. The study had a sample size of 136 obtained using the Cochran statistical formula. The study employed a survey research design. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire. The data from the responses were presented in frequencies, simple percentages. Three hypotheses were tested using the chi-square X2 and t-test statistical tools. The study found out that: Employee participation in decision making significantly improves job productivity (X2 cal = 2.554 > X2 0.5 = 0.6763); employee participation in decision, making relates to employee motivation (Fc – test = 21 .56 > ft 1 = 2.01); the policy of employee participation in decision-making is significant in organizational goal attainment (X2 Cal = 1.887 > X2 0.5 = 0.6763) The study, based on the above findings, concluded that for the goal attainment of any organization to be achieved successfully depended on the extent to which the organization integrated the workers into the policy formulation and implementation. The study recommends that organizations should adopt the ring show management theory as a way of survival. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated employees’ participatory decision making and organisational goal attainment. Currently there are paucity studies in Abuja that examine organisational goal attainment. This study contributes an important additional dimension in the search for sustainable organisational goal attainment in Nigeria. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 01-2019 Issue: 1
Expired Fluoxymesterone Drug as Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel (MS) in 3 M HCL Solution: Experimental Investigations towards Mitigation of Metal Dissolution
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research
The current research presents corrosion inhibition activity of expired Fluoxymesterone drug on the mild steel (MS) in the 3 M HCl solution. The atomic absorption spectroscopy, Tafel polarization and AC impedance spectroscopy studies have been done to verify the corrosion protection efficiency. The surface studies were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Atomic absorption spectroscopy results show that, the amount of iron content is low in the presence of corrosion inhibitor when compared with bare system. Tafel plots clearly hint the mixed corrosion inhibition property (inhibition of both anodic and cathodic corrosion process) of expired Fluoxymesterone drug over the MS surface in the acidic environment. From the AC impedance spectroscopy technique, it is observed that, the charge transfer resistance values enhances with a rise in the concentration of the corrosion inhibitor. Surface studies by SEM also support the atomic absorption spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel plot) and AC impedance spectroscopy results. Contribution/ Originality
The innovation of glucometer has set a benchmark to restrain the effects of diabetes. Diabetes is a scourging metabolic disorder, responsible for disabilities and anachronistic deaths among mass populations. The hyperglycemic condition creates physiological and psychological sufferings to the patients. These complications have led to drastic evolvement in the diabetes diagnostic technologies. The pioneer work in the field of glucose monitoring devices started with the development of blood-based sensing practices, extensively used by the patients but it is an invasive technique which induces trouble in the subjects. Thus, a non-invasive, painless method of glucose testing is a new advancement in the range of glucometers and would profoundly increase the compliance and overcome complications. Saliva-based glucometers is a non-invasive approach, has the potential to exceptionally overcome the discomfort brought up by the blood-based invasive methods. The objective of presenting this review is to provide the chronological series of events in the identification of the disease along with the technological advancements in the glucose monitoring devices. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature about the glucose monitoring technologies available in current use as well as the upcoming technologies which will add the comfort and painless methods for glucose testing to support patient care. Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 01-2019 Issue: 1
Management of Educational Support Services and Attainment of Universal Basic Education Goals in Primary Schools in Cross River State
The main objective of this paper was to examine the relationship between management of educational support services and the attainment of Universal Basic Education goals in Cross River State. Three null hypotheses were formulated in this study. The study adopted correlational research design. Census technique was employed in selecting the entire population of 2,078 primary school administrators in the state. The instruments used for data collection were “Management of Educational Support Services Questionnaire (MESSQ); and Attainment of Universal Basic Education Goals Questionnaire (AUBEGQ)” respectively. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the null hypotheses were all tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis at .05 alpha levels. The results from the study revealed that; management of guidance/counselling services, staff development services, and ICT services are significantly related to the attainment of Universal Basic Education goals respectively. Based on these results, it was recommended among others that; the ministry of education should ensure that there is adequate provision of professional guidance counsellors to every primary school in Cross River State in order to help address the psychological and persona-social needs of the pupils. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature, empirical evidence linking management of educational support services and attainment of Universal Basic Education goals. In Cross River State, no study has documented such relationship with specific focus on guidance/counselling services, teachers’ professional development services, library services, and ICT services. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 12-2018 Issue: 4
Conceptualisation of Lack of Discipline and Probity as the Main Cause towards Good Governance Practice
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research
This is a qualitative paper which is to present the facts and literature findings on the causes of good governance practice in Ghana conceptually. It is noted that discipline and probity are the backbone of good governance. Every country in this modern era want to achieve good governance so that there will be improvement in the economic fortunes but this cannot be achieved if there is lack of discipline and lack of probity in the practice. Hence, literature reveals that there are some relationships between discipline (independent variable), probity (mediating variable) and good governance (dependent variable). Good governance is the main important factor to eradicating poverty and advancing development, said by the UN former Secretary General – Kofi Annan (Court, 2001). This research is purely a conceptual research and a model/conceptual framework has been proposed for future scientific research. Hypothesis has been proposed which need to be developed and tested for effective and efficient conclusion in future findings as such. This research only proposes the concepts that are associated with good governance practice – discipline and probity; the methods used are the secondary sources of data findings were analyzed. Future research findings, analysis and recommendation is eminent on this proposed concept model for future researchers. Therefore, a strong methodology is needed to support all the findings and interpretations of the hypothesis. In this instance, quantitative and qualitative study as a mixed method would be suitable for future research to test relationships and hypothesis that are been identified in the proposed conceptual model. Contribution/ Originality
The aim of this conceptual paper is to contribute to the burning issues of the lack of discipline and probity as a deterrent in the developing world from achieving good governance. This study contributes in the existing literature of the concepts needed in practice to improve good governance for development. Economics » International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research » Month: 03-2019 Issue: 1
Forecasting Prices of Three Important Agricultural Crops in Bangladesh
The paper investigates the best possible forecasting price models for three important agricultural products of Bangladesh namely potato, onion and garlic based on time-series based secondary data from January 2000 to December 2014. The main objective of this paper is to find out the appropriate time series models using some latest selection criteria that could describe the best price patterns of the above mentioned three agricultural items. In order to forecast the prices of the items, the ARIMA models were used based on model selection criteria and error statistics among the competing models. The overall findings of the study indicate that the fitted models are satisfactory for respective commodities. The study finds increasing trends in forecasted prices of all three commodities. In particular, the increase in price of garlic has been observed to be very high compared to potato and onion. The study also finds that the best fitted SARIMA model for potato is SARIMA (1,0,0) (0,1,2)12, for onion SARIMA (2,0,0) (0,1,1)12, and for garlic SARIMA (2,1,3) (0,1,3)12. Contribution/ Originality
Abstract