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Tobacco smoking continues to be a bane in the US. Nearly 540, 000 people die annually because of cigarette smoking. These deaths are preventable. Smoking is implicated in lung cancer and many other medical conditions. Billions of dollars have been spent on health issues related to smoking. Lung cancer affects men and women. Nicotine addiction is the culprit in continued smoking and understanding its role is important in promoting smoking cessation. Smoking cessation is important and scientific evidence and approaches exist in the literature. We have explored traditional, non-traditional and novel modalities for smoking cessation and the need for physicians to be actively involved in recommending smoking cessation. We have also discussed special populations that have special requirements for smoking cessation. Contribution/ Originality
This paper’s primary contribution is making stakeholders aware of the implications of smoking and the role of the physicians and policy makers in reducing the incidence of cigarette related deaths. It also emphasizes how available smoking cessation methods may be beneficial to smokers.
The Sarvak Formation in Bi Bi Hakimeh oil field (well No.29) with the thickness of 324 m consists of limestone in Cenomanian - Turonian period. The upper boundary of the Sarvak Formation is in the form of disconformity with the Gurpi Formation. The lower boundary of Sarvak Formation is not clear because of lack of sequential excavation. According to microbiostratigraphy studies, 4 genera and 2 species of planktonic foraminifera and 22 genera and 28 species of benthic foraminifera are identified and based on them, three biozones were introduced including Nezzazata–Alveolinids assemblage zone, Rudist debris, and Oligosteginid facies. The zones are in consistence with zones introduced by Wynd (1965). In the study area (southwest of Iran), the Sarvak Formation is subdivided into 8 microfacies that are distinguished by petrographic analysis on the basis of their depositional textures and fauna. In addition, four major depositional environments were identified in the Sarvak Formation. These include shelf lagoon, platform margin, slope and basin environmental settings, which are interpreted as a carbonate shelf without an effective barrier separating the platform from the open ocean. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the upper cretaceous sequences of oil fields. The results of this study will help to make biostratigraphy biozones, interpretation of microfacies and depositional environments upper cretaceous, Recognition of lithology specificities and Separation and definition of the upper cretaceous sequences.
The selection of a site for landfill is one of the most difficult steps in landfilling process. Several techniques and methods have been used in a sanitary landfill site selection in the literature. In this paper two methods consist of a method based on the artificial neural network method and simple additive weighting (SAW) method have been used to landfill site selection in Lorestan province, IRAN and the results of two methods compare to each other. The input data of the research consist of 9 digitized data layers including geology, faults, slope, vegetation, residential areas, road and railways, groundwater resources, dams, drainage network maps. The land suitability map prepared by means of SAW method has been grouped in five categories with 0.5 intervals (Ai: 0 to 2.5). Derived map from the neural network modeling exhibit a gradual suitability for a landfill site. With SAW method that was used in the first step of the research, most of the area is considered unsuitable, while by the neural network method, the area with high suitability covers different parts of the study area. One of the most characteristics of the neural network methods is flexibility. The maps that are provided by these methods help the decision makers to select areas with a high suitability value and then proceed to field investigations according to the level of enforcement of the other policies. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature about the multi-criteria decision making and the using intelligence tools for site selection. This study uses new methodology for landfill site selection by means of artificial neural networks. This study originates new model for site selection based on the geological and geographical data.
Analysis of an organization’s financial performance reveals whether an organization’s financial condition is performing better or worse. This reflects its performance and achievement in that time period. In order to achieve good financial performance, the organization’s staffs need to be committed to work according to the organization’s plans and its budgetary commitment. Leadership type is crucial in determining the organization’s success because it affects and enhances the staff’s commitment to participate in creating and implementing the organization’s budget. Supervision control is needed to ensure that budgetary commitment is on target and does not deviate from its predetermined commitment. This study to analyzed the role of supervisory role and leadership type on budgetary commitment and financial performance across 15 hospitals in East Java, Indonesia. 10 participants were surveyed from each hospital with questionnaires about supervisory role, leadership type, budgetary commitment, and financial performance. We also obtained secondary data in the form of financial statements from each hospital and later correlated this data with our questionnaire using a path analysis computer software Smart Partial Least Square. The results showed that a hospital’s managerial supervision (estimated path coefficient = 0.222, p=0.001) and its leadership type(estimated path coefficient= 0.572, p=0.000) positively influenced the hospital’s budgetary commitment. Leadership type(estimated path coefficient = 0.294, p =0.020) and budgeting commitment(estimated path coefficient= 0.243, p=0.030) directly influenced a hospital’s financial performance. While managerial supervision has no direct effect on a hospital’s financial performance (estimated path coefficient = 0.130, p=0.125), it exerts its effects on financial performance indirectly through its effect on budgetary commitment. Contribution/ Originality
This paper contributes to the practitioners of the hospitals through the implementation of budgetary commitments and the achievement of financial performance, especially the leadership of the delegate authority to subordinates and prepare human resources who are competent in the implementation of the budget thus improve financial performance.
This study examined the valuation of financial performance from 13 Indonesia Estate Firms. The valuation involves eight key performance indicators which are based on accounting principles including Return on Equity, Return on Investment, Total Asset Turnover, Cash Ratio, Current Ratio, and others. Those indicators are combined with indicators weighted to be as Financial Health Score. Both the indicators could be improved simultaneously, but whether the improvement always valuable or not? To answer this question, Economic Value Added (EVATM) was employed to measure shareholder value. Financial reports of 13 firms from the period of 2002 to 2011 are selected. Nine hypotheses were proposed to examine the relationship between performance indicators and financial health score to EVATM. Each hypothesis was tested under Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model. The findings indicate that all tested hypotheses show significant relationship. However, it can be identified that the creation of financial performance based on accounting method, it would disclose the shareholder value. But EVATM method demonstrates that actually some companies suffer a loss of their value although the financial performance improved. Contribution/ Originality
This study presents the effect of temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and evaporation on solar energy in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. The data was recorded every 5 minutes daily and monthly, covering 2008 – 2014, in The Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt Meteorological Logging Unit. The MATLAB software used in the analysis of the data reveal a direct relationship between solar radiation and temperature and evaporation, and an inverse relationship with rainfall and relative humidity. The mean atmospheric temperature is 26.02oC, while solar energy varies between 47.07 mJm-2 month-1 and 113.99 mJm-2month-1 with a mean of 87.87 mJm-2month-1. During the rainy season (April – September), the mean monthly solar energy is 86.69mJm-2month-1, while in the dry season (October – March), the mean is 89.05mJm-2month-1. The amount of evaporation per temperature ranges from 2.92 mm/oC to 4.47 mm/oC with a mean annual of 3.57 mm/oC. In the rainy season, this value varies from 2.79 mm/oC to 3.79 mm/oC. In the dry season months, the variation is from 3.12 mm/oC to 4.47 mm/oC. The rainfall-to-evaporation ratio of 5.71 in rainy month demonstrates that about the amount of rainfall is recorded for the amount of water evaporated. This correlates with the fact that humidity is high. The results of this work could be used in the design and construction of solar energy technologies to provide energy. Moreover, the results could also provide input for climate risk information, local and national planning and decision-making for sustainable development in the areas of agriculture, aviation, health, and weather forecasting. Contribution/ Originality
Retracted: Pierced Salt Domes in the Persian Gulf and in the Zagros Mountain Ranges in Southern Iran and their Relationship to Hydrocarbon and Basement Tectonics
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Geography and Geology
The most enigmatic problems with the nearly 200 salt domes pierced in the Persian Gulf and in the Zagros Mountain Ranges (ZMR) in southern Iran, a unique morphology in the world, have been the matter of this study, which is based on a combination of field work, enhancement of satellite and aerial photographs etc. In the ZMR, structural anomalies are frequently associated with similar facies distribution patterns. In the eastern portion of the region, emergent salt plugs of Infra-Cambrian age exhibit the same alignment patterns. Such trends bear no apparent genetic relationship to the Tertiary folding responsible for the present Zagros fold belt, but rather indicate their affinity with linear basement features which are readily observable on Land sat imagery and aerial photographs. Bending of anticlines in the competent cover rock, combined with minor strike-slip faults and horizontal displacements of parts of folded structures, strongly point to the presence of these basement faults. The salt plugs, which have pierced cover rocks of up to 10000 m thick, are distributed on the Arabian Platform along regional basement faults. The area of diapir outcrops is bounded by the Oman Line to the east and by the Kazerun fault to the west. Pieces of the basement have been brought up to the surface on some of the salt domes. The fragments were transported by rotational ascent of the Hormuz Salt Formation to the present and former land surfaces. The recognition of features related to basement tectonics and realization of their implication in the control and modification of geological processes are important adjuncts to the search for hydrocarbon accumulations in this region. To our best knowledge, data of basement faults in the study area are scarce. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine basement faults and their relation to salt dome distribution. Considering the fold axes bending, the trend of the salt plugs and also the distribution of epicenters of the last century, n umerous new basement faults are introduced in this paper. Contribution/ Originality
Ramsar area is located across and between Alborze Mountain and Caspine Sea in North of Iran. About 30 spas are located south of the Ramsar and Sadatshar town. They are almost in between 20 to 70 m elevation. Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks and alluvial deposit are exposed around the Ramsar area. In tertiary, acidic Plutonism was active and intrusion into the Paleozoic and Cenozoic formations. Quaternary and Alluvium deposits are exposed and extending on the Jurassic formations in Ramsar plain and have thickness lower than 10 m in show springs. The annual precipitation in the Ramsar region is 976 mm.There has not any proper Thermal spring management in Ramsar area yet. This could post some serious problem on improper management of Thermal spring sites, where its environment has been put into jeopardy. This study aims to provide a way to classify the Thermal springs in Ramsar area. The result of this study help in the classification of Thermal spring sites for official planning improvement of administration and sustainable development of natural resources of the area.The study makes use of the Department of Applied Geosciences in Islamic Azad University. GIS data of a total of 9 Thermal springs in the attempt to set up a classification system of Thermal springs in Ramsar area. These data include surface temperature, conductivity, alkalinity, acidity, TDS, pH values, H2S, Ca, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, SiO2, SO4 contents, their locations, usages and other relevant information.The surface temperature of Thermal springs are between 19oC – 65oC and Na-K-Cageothermometer shows estimated reservoir temperature range from 25 o C – 195 o C. Most of the water from these Thermal springs is relatively turbidness and their composition is sodium choloride. The Thermal springs in this area generally exhibit high SiO2 and Na content; strong smell of sulfur.In addition, there are 9 Thermal springs that show high concentration of Cl, Ca, Na, K and Mg.There are three major criteria used in the classification system in this study, temperature, pH and their usage. On the basis of temperature, there are three classes of Thermal springs in Ramsar area: hyper thermal spring (10 %, 50-99o C); thermal spring (80%, 30-50o C). There is one class achieved on the basis of pH values: all of Thermal springs exhibit weak acids. There are 4 types of usage classification: swimming pools, Tourism, space heating and drying of organic materials. Contribution/ Originality
Tribal and minority populations’ square measure progressively exposed to risk factors as a results of urbanization. The study was conducted within the Rakhain community in Cox’s Bazar district, Bangladesh, with the aims of deciding the patterns of unsafe drinking and their socio demographic characteristics. This cross-sectional study was done among 287 Rakhain people. Informations were collected by face to face interview using pretested structured form. Seriously sick, lunatic person and who weren't interesting to involve were excluded from the study. Substance use was significantly high among the age group of 35-44 years. Their mean age was 40.66 (±11.275) years. Majority of the respondents was male 148(52%), married 222(77.4%) and educated up to primary level 179(62.4%). The very best proportion 68(23.7%) of the respondents were housewife and day labourer and lowest was jobless 26(9.1%). Their average monthly family financial gain was 17874.56 (±7208.553) Taka. More than fifty percent Rakhain consumed beer as hazardous drinking. Statistically important association was found between their pattern of drinking and socio-demographic characteristics (p <0.001). Hence improvement of educational and employment status of tribals strongly needed. It’s dreadfully necessary of interventions to promote knowledge, awareness, and health skill among the ethnic Rakhain tribes to guide a healthy life. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated to find out the areas where interventions are needed. Findings of this study will help policy makers to prepare appropriate policy to bring healthy Rakhain community which is an ethnic tribal community residing in coastal area of Bangladesh.
Rickets, a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, has a myriad of presentations and affects children all over the world. Infants who are exclusively breastfed by mothers who are vitamin D deficient are affected, particularly in the absence of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy. While breast feeding is encouraged, breast milk is deficient in vitamin D thus; exclusively breastfed infants require vitamin D supplementation. This case describes a three-week-old male infant with a continuum of rickets, which went undiagnosed from the initial presentation of noisy, difficult breathing and snoring at the pediatric emergency department. This case emphasizes that rickets may not always have a classical presentation. Contribution/ Originality
In the current framework of behavioral corporate finance, this article studies the relationship between the managers’ overconfidence and firm performance through the financing structure in the Tunisian context. Our model seeks to identify if the financing structure as a mediating variable between the performance and overconfidence. The empirical study is based on a sample of 56 firm managers for the year 2014. The results of the conducted regressions confirm the existence of a mediating effect of the financing structure on the relationship between overconfidence and the performance of Tunisian firms. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the few studies which have investigated the indirect impact of overconfidence on the performance of Tunisian firms through their financing structure; it is based on a new methodology that uses the theory of Baron and Kenny (1986) by utilising mediating variables to assess the relationship between the firm’s overconfidence and performance.
This study investigated the effect of baking temperature and time on the physical properties of bread from 10% cocoyam and 90% wheat flour. A central composite rotatable experimental design with two factors and five levels were used. The independent factors were baking temperature (174.82 – 251.18oC) and baking time (30 – 45min). The responses were specific loaf volume (Y1), crumb moisture (Y2), crumb hardness (Y3) and overall acceptability (Y4). Thirteen (13) baking trials were performed with five center points and eight non center points. The specific loaf volume (3.35 – 3.9cm3/g), crumb moisture content (32.1 – 35%), crumb hardness (70 – 70.48N) and overall acceptability (4.85 – 8) varied significantly (P<0.05) with the baking temperature and time. The panelists preferred the bread baked at 186oC for 45min. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents the effect of baking temperature and time on the physical properties of bread from wheat- cocoyam flour using response surface methodology and revealed that acceptable bread can be obtained from 90% wheat flour and 10% cocoyam flour at the baking temperature of 1860C for 45mins.
Influence of Hydrocarbon Additives on the Velocity of Detonation Wave and Detonation Limits in Lean Mixes by the Example of The Reaction of Hydrogen Oxidation
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Natural Sciences Research
The formalism of the one-dimensional detonation theory taking into account both thermal losses and the theory of branched chain processes was applied to hydrogen oxidation in the presence of hydrocarbon additive. It is shown that accounting for both reactions of termination of the active centers of combustion via molecules of hydrocarbon additive, and chain oxidation of hydrocarbon additive allows qualitative interpreting of the main features of the process. They are both passing of detonation velocity through a maximum at an increase in content of the additive in lean mix and the existence of two detonation limits on the concentration of the additive. Contribution/ Originality
This study originates a new approximate analytical formula interpreting the main features of the detonation velocities and limits in lean hydrogen – air mixtures.
Soil losses and erosion are the primary concerns that decrease soil fertility, deposition materials in waterways, flooding, environmental pollution, and declining dam capacity. The aim of this study is zonation of soil erosion hazard and sediment yield in central Zab basin in southwest of West-Azerbaijan province in Iran. The Sardasht dam construction is established on its main branches that estimate amount of soil erosion and sedimentation of behind the dam is necessary. Hence EPM model have been used to soil erosion hazard mapping using series of GIS data, Landsat ETM+ satellite images, aerial photos in GIS environment. Required layers information was used in this research including slope, aspect, lithology, soil, land use, rainfall, and river erosion. Hence, GIS databases and their weighting of each map layers were extracted according to the hydrologic units. Also, GIS database was prepared based on EPM model to extract of erosion and sedimentation maps The obtained result using EPM model showed that south and southwest parts of central Zab basin near the Sardasht Dam construction are very highly eroded due to their soil erosion and lithology while the northern parts of case study are moderately eroded because of the intensive land cover. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature to determine the dominant erosion features in the mountainous catchment using satellite data and GIS techniques. This study documents can be used to estimate the amount of sediment reaching the dams, natural resource management and land use planning.
This study investigated the factors that influence mathematics teachers’ perceptions of ICT in mathematics teaching in Kenyan secondary schools. Participants for the study came from a population of mathematics teachers in Nairobi and Nyandarua counties in Kenya. The results revealed that mathematics teachers’ perceived roles of ICT in the classroom were positive with a large proportion of teachers agreeing that ICT plays a significant role in the teaching-learning process. Additionally, demographic factors such as age, school type, teachers’ educational level, principal’s subject major, and so on were significantly related to mathematics teachers’ perceptions of the roles of ICT in the classroom. The Internet and ownership of laptop computer were found to be useful in shaping mathematics teachers’ perceptions; however, this was not true for the availability of computer labs, technology resources, and location of the school (rural or urban). Additionally, limited time to integrate ICT in the lessons and inadequate ICT training in mathematics related software were found to limit mathematics perceptions of the positive roles of ICT in mathematics teaching. The study recommends that mathematics teachers need to be trained on the relevant mathematics software, be provided with reliable Internet connection, and encouraged to acquire laptop computers for instructional use. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated teachers’ perceptions of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) in mathematics education. Limited studies have investigated this research problem in the African context. The study used the Chi-square statistics as a lens of identifying the variables in the study.
In this work, the unsteady flow of an incompressible couple stress fluid between two parallel plates is studied. Slip boundary conditions are applied on the two plates and vanishing couple stress condition at the boundaries is assumed. The upper plate is suddenly moved with time dependent velocity while the other plate is fixed. The problem is solved analytically in the Laplace domain through the use of Laplace transform technique. The inverse transform of the fluid velocity is obtained numerically. The velocity profiles for different times and different physical parameters are plotted and the numerical results are discussed. Contribution/ Originality
This paper contributes to the field of couple stress fluids by applying the more realistic slip condition to Couette flow of an incompressible couple stress fluid. It is found that the time, the couple stress coefficient and the slip parameters have significant effect on the flow field.
During the last two decades, sports medicine is increased and experienced a stage of rapid development, especially in such areas as the study of strength, endurance, sports injuries and psychology. Study of ongoing changes when performing exercises at the cellular and molecular levels led to the development of new areas in the sports science as known as genetic medicine that deals with the genetic basis of athletic phenotype. Around 66 % of the variance in athlete status is explained by genetic factors, the remaining variance is due to other factors such as training, nutrition, equipment, motivation, sleeping and epigenetics. Over the last two decades, at least 155 genetic markers (located in almost all chromosomes and mtDNA) were associated with elite athlete status (93 genetic markers with endurance and 62 markers with power/force). The number of identified genetic markers associated with sports activity, grew at a rate exponentially: in 1997 – 5 genes; in 2000 – 24 genes; in 2004 – 101 genes. During the last 19 years, found that at least 120 of genetic markers associated with elite athlete status (77 genetic markers related to endurance and 43 genetic marker settings capacity/power). Of the polymorphisms associated with sports endurance, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and alpha actinin-3 (ACTN3) polymorphisms have been the most frequently studied, and meta-analyses have confirmed the associations. ACTN3 is absent in approximately 18% of European population, 25-29% of Japanese population and overall about 1.5 billion people in all countries. Therefore, to date, available genetic tests based on small sample sizes and the selected analytical methodology can lead to erroneous associations and to reassess the size of the effect, and of course, the use of such limited data does not allow us to predict athletic ability with high accuracy. Contribution/ Originality
An adaptive algorithm for compressing the color images is proposed. This technique uses a combination of simple and computationally easy operations. The two main steps consist of decomposition of data and data compression. The result is a practical scheme that achieves good compression while providing fast decompression. The approach has performance comparable to and often better than, existing architecture. This paper gives the overview of an adaptive lossless compression scheme. This scheme uses a new technique to predict a pixel by matching neighboring pixel, an adaptive color difference estimation scheme to remove the color spectral redundancy while handling red and blue samples and an adaptive codeword generation technique to encode the prediction residues. The technique lossless image compression plays an important role in image transmission and storage for high quality. At present, both the compression ratio and processing speed should be considered in a real time multimedia system. Lossless compression algorithm is used for this technique. A low Complexity predictive model is proposed using the correlation of pixels and color components. Also a color space transform is used and good decoration is obtained in our algorithm. The compared experimental results have shown that our algorithm has a noticeably better performance than traditional algorithms. Contribution/ Originality
Sunlight is a limitless form of renewable and clean energy which is amply accessible. Economic consumption of solar energy can boundlessly fulfil the energy demand. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are acknowledged as third generation solar cell technology because of their environmental friendliness, cost effectiveness, simple fabrication and capability to be manufactured on huge substrates. The prospective for development of various Dye sensitized solar cell components is massive. We have under taken a series of investigations on the photovoltaic performance enhancement of DSSCs. In this work, effect of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in N719 dye solution as a co-adsorbent and low cost additive was investigated. The cells were fabricated with and without the addition of CDCA. The co-adsorbent significantly improved the photovoltage open circuit (Voc), photocurrent density (Jsc) and the solar energy power conversion efficiency (). The impedance spectroscopy is also discussed in the paper. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the effect of CDCA additive on ruthenium dye. The paper compares the results from existing data and shows an enhancement in the photovoltaic properties in the results section. The impedance spectroscopy included is studied for the first time for the dye with chenodeoxycholic acid.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of employee engagement with mediating variabel rapport to improve employee performance of nurses at Advent Hospital in Indonesia. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the effect between employee engangement, interpersonal relationship and performance were examined. Data were obtained through a questionnaire. Using proporsionate random cluster sampling, there were 418 respondents answered the questionnaire a. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using principal component analysis and principal axis factoring (PAF) found that among four dimensions of interpersonal relationship, rapport is driven factor of interpersonal relationship. The results indicated that satisfaction negatively affect rapport, commitment has positive relationship toward rapport, advocacy has positive influence toward rapport, satisfaction has negative influence toward employee performance, commitment has positive relationship toward employee performance, advocacy has positive influence toward employee performance. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the effect of employee engagement which is satisfaction, commitment and advocacy with mediating variable interpersonal relationship which is rapport, bonding, breadth and affinity. Using exploratory factor analysis, rapport is driven factor of interpersonal relationship toward employee performance.
Abstract