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Nowadays, sustainable development theory is one of the most challenging subjects in urbanism field. Old settlements have strong relationship with their environment. Vernacular settlement can provide suitable patterns of sustainable existence, which has been created from generations’ experiences completion. It has the lowest damage to natural system by intelligent usage of natural presents. Warm and dry areas have special climatic features. settlement of such areas were positioned and constructed based on special principals which were consistent with environmental features and ecological capabilities. These settlements are consistent with natural texture and site ecology and capabilities. It not only imposed no destruction on their environment, but also beyond that, play it's role as a perfection reaching agent for material. the goal of this paper is investigation of persistence indexes of vernacular settlement in warm and dry area. This paper first has a brief review on persistence concepts and following that on sustainable urbanism and urban persistence indexes and after that describe climatic and geographical features of Iran’s warm and dry areas, after that Meymand (as a case study) is analyzed with morphological approach. Contribution/ Originality
The paper contributes the first morphological analysis of vernacular settlement in hot- dry area to reach sustainable indicates.
The aim of this paper is to determine the most viable and beneficial scenario for acquire an asset, specifically a car. For this purpose, the amortizations model was used, which is why the corresponding financial simulation in the amortization charts on both scenarios are presented. The results lead us to think that the financing option offered by the car company is the most suitable and beneficial for the client. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature about the amortization methods. Its contribution is to demonstrate the most viable option for acquire a car, within Mexican context.
Soil amendment with organic composts of plant or animal residues i.e. banana tree (BT), maize stalks (MS), sawdust (SD), rice straw (RS) and cattle dung (CD) at rates 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 % w/w showed significant (P≤ 0.05 and / or 0.01) reduction in numbers of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica larvae in soil, galls and egg-masses on roots as well as the nematode build-up as compared to control. All dosages of BT compost were most effective in reducing numbers of the nematode stages, galls, egg masses and the nematode build-up followed by 1.0% of both MS and SD composts. All doses of organic composts significantly (P≤ 0.05 and / or 0.01) increased growth of sunflower cv. Giza 1. and improvement of sunflower cv. Giza 1 growth. Generally, there were positive significant correlations between doses of composts and reduction percentages in number of larvae in soil, galls, egg-masses and rate of build-up, and (r = 0.9884, 1.045, 0.9844 and 0.9677; respectively) as well as increases in sunflower growth parameters in terms of lengths, fresh and dry weights of both shoots and roots (r = 0.9977, 1.0, 1.0, 0.9391, 0.9967 and 1.0; respectively). Also, there were positive significant relationship between shoot dry weight and each of N, P and K uptake by sunflower shoot (r = 0.9876, 1.0 and 0.9445; respectively), between root dry weight and N uptake (r = 1.0). Contribution/ Originality
This review employed to establish frequency usage of clinical markers and diagnostic tests for childhood apraxia of speech. following databases were searched for published papers between 1980 and 2015 looking for clinical studies used the six introduced tests for motor speech performance; Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and Pubmed. . The review considered articles which for children at or below elementary school age with diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech. Fifty seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies included other developmental motor speech disorders as well as childhood apraxia of speech were excluded. Twenty four articles excluded from the study and thirty three studies were reviewed. Twenty articles were in diagnostic tests and thirteen articles were in clinical markers. The Verbal Motor Production Assessment for Children is the most reliable diagnostic test for diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech, and Inconsistency as well as vowel errors are the most frequent clinical markers. Contribution/ Originality
Blood disease is a wilt disease that greatly affects the banana cultivation. Besides chemicals, the utilization of natural soil-biological entity may provide an alternative in searching for effective and environmental friendly approach against the disease. Endogeic earthworms are known as soil-engineers that modify soil properties that may favor or suppress different microbial populations. In the study, the effect of endogeic earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus on blood disease bacterium (BDB) was evaluated through in-vitro study. Earthworm casts, mucus and worm-worked soil collected were inoculated onto tetrazolium chloride (TZC) medium seeded with BDB at different concentrations. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA primers was then performed to identify the microbial isolates that inhibited BDB. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the similarity among the isolates with Pseudomonas sp. sequences deposited in the GenBank. The results showed that bacterial colonies from earthworm mucus inhibited BDB at 103 and 105 cell/ml. However, no inhibition was observed at higher BDB concentration (107 cell/ml). Similarly, earthworm cast and worm-worked soil did not show inhibition towards BDB. Bacterial isolates obtained from earthworm mucus were classified into the genus Pseudomonas. The study suggested the potential role of P. corethrurus in enhancing the growth of beneficial microorganism in remediating blood disease. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the effect of endogeic earthworm on banana blood disease. Earthworm mucus promoted the growth of beneficial microorganisms that inhibited blood disease bacterium (BDB), suggesting the potential role of endogeic earthworms as biological control for bacterial wilt diseases.
This study documents that managerial characteristics’ play an important role in determining corporate debt maturity. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between the managerial biases and firm debt maturity preference. Empirical analysis of the relationship between emotional bias and debt maturity using Bayesian Network Method. We distributed a questionnaire among 100 Tunisian managers to measure their emotional biases. Our results have revealed that the behavioral analysis of debt maturity preference implies leader affected by behavioral biases (optimism, loss aversion, and overconfidence) presence prefer long term debt maturity allowing this protect against the takeover operation Russianness. Contribution/ Originality
The paper pushing organizations managers to choose according to their emotional level (applied emotional capacity test up psychometric testing). In addition, it increases the validity of inferences from the research. This paper incites governments to establish training programs aimed at the development of learning of emotional capacity.
Eighteen elite lines of Nerica rice were assessed for proximate, amino acid composition, amylose content and pasting viscosity. The aim was to nominate the lines for further multilocational yield trails and eventual release as varieties. The lines were parboiled by soaking in hot water (75oC) for 9-20hrs and then steamed for 40-45minutes at75oC in a steamer. Raw and parboiled samples were dehusked and polished and used in subsequent evaluations. The results indicated that protein varied from7.47+0.21to 11.73+0.15% parboiled samples and from 6.87+ 1.01to 11.65+ 0.51% for the unparboiled or raw samples. Fat also varied from 5.57+ 4.22- 6.00+ 0.54 the parboiled samples and from 5.33 to 6.33+ 0.5% for the unparboiled samples. The amino acid profile showed that both parboiled and unparboiled samples met the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) requirements for infants, adolescent and adults for histidine, threonine, valine and isoleucine and leucine. Both samples and the check were however deficient in lysine (4.01-4.60). Parboiling did not significantly (p<0.5) improve the proximate and amino acids composition of samples. The unparboiled milled samples had higher amylose content (23.84 – 50.85%) compared to(12.85 – 31.81%) of the parboiled samples. The amylose content of the parboiled samples placed them in the intermediate amylose category. The pasting properties showed that raw samples exhibited conventional non-waxy cereal pasting characteristics while the parboiled samples indicated destructuring in the pasting profile. The results were indicative that the NERICA LINES would have high cooking qualities. Contribution/ Originality
This paper discusses the nutrient composition of NERICA accessions been bred for eventual release as varieties. This work show that the NERICA lines are not superior in both chemical and nutritional composition to released local varieties. However they will exhibit better cooking qualities.
In this paper we introduce the concept of cubic set to dual sub algebras and dual ideals in BCK-algebras and investigate some of its properties. The relationship between dual sub algebras and cubic dual sub algebras are given. Contribution/ Originality
The primary contribution of this paper is application of cubic set to dual ideals in BCK-algebras and investigates some of its properties. This study originates new definition cubic dual ideal in BCK-algebras.
The article uses narrative to describe a teacher education partnership between two universities - one in the U. S. and one in Vietnam. The article discusses the rationale for cross-cultural projects in education and also outlines the in-country experiences of the program directors. The experience of the partners is detailed as a case study for developing international education partnerships. Specific themes include internationalizing education, globalization, teacher education, and cross-cultural partnerships. Contribution/ Originality
This paper highlights the efforts by the Seremban Municipal Council in encouraging participation among local community at their administrative area. Public participation is the most vital component in a good governance model for local governments in achieving effective and efficient administration. It is very important for the local government to ensure the local community participates in the activities carried out by the council. Through interviews with public administrators of local authorities and secondary data gathered from the Seremban Municipal Council as well as the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, the findings showed that there are challenges in public participation at the local government level. This is due to the public’s perceptions towards the local authority’s activities. In managing this challenge, awareness campaigns on local government activities should be conducted regularly. The findings from this study are significant in ensuring two-way communication and rapport between the communities and the local authority. This way, value added benefits can be shared between the stakeholders on a win-win situation. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the public participation literature by revealing that the public has an idea and perception that they should not interfere in the administration of the council. The wrong understanding should be managed by the council to ensure that public participation can successfully be implemented. Economics » International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2
Preference of Learning Styles and its Relationship with Academic Performance among Junior Secondary School Students in Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
The thrust of the study was to investigate the preference of learning styles and its relationship with academic performance among Junior Secondary School Students in Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa state, Nigeria. The study employed survey design. The statistics used for analysis of data were mean, percentages and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. From thirty Junior Secondary Schools in the Local Government Area, ten schools were randomly selected. Out of a total students population of two thousand, two hundred students in the selected schools, three hundred and twenty seven students were randomly selected using simple hat and draw method. This sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table for determining sample size. Two research instruments were used for data collection, namely Barsch leaning style inventory and Academic Performance Test. The result revealed that 217 of the student’s preferred kinesthetic learning style, 66 of them preferred visual style while 44 of them preferred auditory style. It was also noted that the learning style of the students affected their academic performance because the performances of students correlated with the learning styles they preferred. It is recommended that learning should be made more practical since most of the students learnt by doing. Contribution/ Originality
The study is one of the few studies which have investigated preference of learning styles among secondary school students in Nigeria with Jigawa State as a focal point. Correlating learning styles with academic performance among Junior secondary school students further enhances teaching and learning in Dutse.
The study developed Teacher Classroom Autonomy Scale (T-CARS) and estimated the validity and reliability of the scale as well as establishing the scale factor structure. The study adopted a survey design. The population comprised secondary school teachers in southwestern Nigeria and a sample of 1440 teachers that were selected from 72 secondary schools using multistage sampling procedure. Two instruments, T-CARS and School Participant Empowerment Scale (SPES) were used for data collection. Data were analysed using factor analysis and reliability analysis. The results showed that the 40-items T-CARS have seven factors of teacher classroom autonomy that accounted for 91.46% of the total scale variance and significantly converge with the SPES (r = 0.611). The internal consistency of the scale was r=0.913 (Cronbach), and r=0.736 (Spearman Split-half), p< 0.05. The study concluded that the T-CARS developed in this study is reliable, valid and suitable to measure teacher classroom autonomy in Southwestern Nigeria. Contribution/ Originality
The study generated appropriate, valid and reliable items with which teacher classroom autonomy can be measured. It also provided information on ways through which school administrators; teachers and other stakeholders can ensure that teachers have good institutional knowledge in order to effectively address imagined constraints on teaching and learning.
An experiment was conducted at West Belessa district of Northwestern Ethiopia during 2013 main cropping season in order to identify and promote well adapted and promising genotypes of teff. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The data recorded were plant height, spike length, number of tillers per plant, grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index. The data was analyzed using SAS software and means were separated using least significant difference. The analysis showed that varieties varied significantly for plant height, spike length (P<0.001), grain yield, biomass yield (P<0.01) and harvest index (P<0.05). Varieties were not significant for number of tillers per plant. Dukem was shown to be high yielder variety followed by the varieties Boset and Mechare with the values of 1963.7, 1772.0 and 1743.7 kg ha-1, respectively. The varieties Dukem, Kuncho and Mechare were found to be having high biomass with the values of 6111.3, 5833.3 and 5555.3 kg ha-1, respectively. Dukem was superior in almost all the agronomic traits evaluated while the local varieties Awra tef and Bunign were out performed by most of the improved varieties of teff tested. The varieties evaluated had a wide genetic background for the studied traits, thus showing grain yield ranges from 1012.0 to 1963.7 kg ha-1. Therefore, based on objectively measured traits, the variety Dukem was found most promising having the potential to increase the average yield of tef in West Belessa district and is therefore recommended for general cultivation. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies which have evaluated improved varieties of teff in moisture stress areas in Ethiopia in general and West Belessa in particular. The study has evaluated fourteen varieties by scientifically comparing them with very important traits and come up with valid conclusion.
The study aimed to provide baseline data by assessing the nutrient levels and sediment load in Buhisan, Bulacao and Lahug Rivers. Specifically, the study assessed the nitrates, Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations of the rivers. Water samples were taken by grab sampling from three designated sites (upstream, midstream and downstream) along each river. Laboratory analyses were performed according to standard protocols. Results of the study were compared with the standard set by the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (DENR). The nitrate, TSS and TDS levels did not exceed the allowable concentration set by the government but the TP did. The mean TP values observed at Buhisan, Bulacao and Lahug Rivers ranged from 0.10-1.82 mg∙L-, 0.05-0.48 mg∙L-, and 0.17-2.75 mg∙L-, respectively. The TP levels in the midstream and downstream areas of Buhisan and Lahug Rivers exceeded the 0.4 mg∙L- limit. High TP levels could be attributed to anthropogenic sources like untreated domestic waste discharges, unsanitary sewer systems in the surrounding communities, and runoffs from fertilized backyard gardening, and piggery. Contribution/ Originality
This study provides baseline information on the water quality of Buhisan, Bulacao, and Lahug Rivers in Cebu. The results of the study will be used for the monitoring, management, and rehabilitation of these river ecosystems.
This paper investigates the possibility of generating green power from day to day road traffic. This source of green energy is obtained from the proposed systems that harness the wasted energy such as the kinetic and vibrated energy from everyday traffic. These include two proposed systems that were designed and implemented using the MATLAB-Simulink platform. In the first proposed system, the renewable energy is generated using compressed air which is suitable for developing countries and the second proposed system is designed such way to another system to deduce electricity by harvesting the kinetic and vibration energy. The second proposed system is suitable for a developed country based on the implementation expenditures. The system was designed considering all the factors that involved producing a realist outcome. These factors include the load factor, heat loss, power loss, frictional losses and the switching losses that dwell into the field of fluid mechanics, power electronics and element analysis. The system performance was also determined by considering the nature and characteristic properties of the materials, motors and generators used; and the usage time of the system. As a result, incorporating the necessary factors involved in the system designing, the power generated under traffic rate condition at peak and off peak hours for each system was estimated. The obtained results proved that substantial amount of power are generated during peak traffic hours using the two proposed methods. Contribution/ Originality
This paper contributes to the very first logical analysis of obtaining power production in kWhr for various case studies. The analysis performed takes into consideration the load factor, speed of travel and impact of stress and strain of the vehicles on the energy harvesters along with its energy penetration level.
Natural disasters such as flood which are related to weather, occurring in a lot of places in the world. Environment deterioration and human life damage are the recorded results of floods. Between years 2006 till 2008 due to heavy monsoon rainfalls, a number of floods have generated along Malaysia's in different parts of the country. The critical zones in term of flood damage are located in the east coast of peninsular Malaysia in the states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. Manek Urai, as a rural area due to its type of buildings was one of the most vulnerable areas during Kelantan flood in 2014. As a proven fact, the victims need to be informed about housing options at the first one week after disaster. The evaluation of building damage must be conducted quickly and exactly. It is a clear fact that building damage survey using proper damage chart is more effective. This paper presents the results of site investigation according to the damage chart for damage assessment, and classifies photographic data of Manek Urai area, based on the damage chart. In addition, the damage chart of timber structures affected by liquefaction is localized. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the level of structural damage in flood affected area (Manek Urai, Malaysia) and evaluate the effect of using proper and localized building damage chart in order to increase the accuracy of disaster management.
Dysphagia refers to the term of having difficulty in swallowing or moving foods and liquids from the mouth to the stomach, which will lead to dehydration and malnutrition. Texture modified food is one of common method used in dysphagia management, by altering the rate of food travelling down the pharynx. In this study, texture modified chicken rendang was developed to comply Texture C (fine puree with lump free) as outline by Australian dysphagia standard. Rendang, one of popular traditional dish in Malaysia was selected; aim to introduce high protein diet in patient with dysphagia problem. Texture modification was carried out by adding commercial thickener, and later was compared to formulation with addition of tapioca and sago starch as the thickener. Effect of using different types of food thickener, together with different level of starch addition and serving temperature on the rheological properties of developed food were investigated. Results showed that all thickened samples demonstrated a shear thinning effect throughout the temperature studied, contributed by starch integrity loss due to heating. Both storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") values of samples containing starch decreases as temperature increases, indicating a weak gel like properties associated with each sample. The addition of 5% of starch was found to be optimal for the sample to remain stable even at 85°C. Tapioca starch could potentially use as cheaper thickener alternative due to its stable structure upon oscillation frequency and temperature increment during rheological analysis, when to compared to sago starch. Introduction of chicken rendang puree, thickened with starch potentially help to provide safer food for patients with dysphagia. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature of texture modified food for patients with dysphagia. This study investigates the possibility of using tapioca and sago starch as the source of food thickener, to replace the use of commercial thickener, which normally marketed at a higher price.
Structural properties of gum Arabic are one of the most important factors affecting the competitive prices in the domestic and overseas markets. Using laboratory standard methods, a number of methods were used to characterize the main alterations of the components of Acacia Senegal var. Senegal gum Arabic induced by inoculation with some species of fungi and yeast. Results revealed that, depending on the inoculated microbial species, the pH, viscosity, nitrogen and protein were decreased to various levels. The sugars content has noticeably been affected viz. galactose was entirely consumed by Saccharomyces cerevisiaeand Penicilliumnotatum while .rhamanose was drastically decreased by all microbial species under study. Likewise, the number average molecular weight was decreased by all species. Therefore, it may be concluded that the factors encouraging microbial growth must be given due consideration under gum Arabic storage conditions. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by drawing the attention to the environmentally safe storage of gum Arabic by using new detection and analytical procedures that are logically acceptable by gum Arabic researchers, producers and retailers. Moreover, this study contributes significantly to the current body of knowledge pertaining to gum Arabic handling after harvest.
The role of forest in sustaining the lives of man generally cannot be over-emphasised. Generally, forest provides opportunities for food, shelter, trado-medical services, ecological services and income. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of forest resources in the provision of food for the people of Etung in Cross River State. Six communities were chosen for the study. They include, Abia, Agbokim, Ajassor, Abijang, Etomi and Nsofang. One thousand, nine hundred copies of questionnaires were distributed to household heads in the study area. The student ‘t’ test was used to test for the seasonal variation in the number of persons involved in the exploitation and utilization of forest resources. The result of the study indicated that forest is a major source of food as it provides mushrooms, seed and spices, fruits, vegetables and a great variety of animals for the people of Etung. Also income generated in the area ranged from N10,000 to over N100,000 during the dry and rainy seasons. The student ‘t’ test analysis for the variation in the level of involvement of the people in the exploitation and utilization of forest resources revealed that there was significant seasonal variation in the level of involvement of the people of Etung in only two forest resources – medicinal plants, (t(1938) = 3.416, P<.05) and leafy vegetables, -(1938) =3.335, P<0.05). On the other hand the number of people involved in the exploitation of the other nine forest resources was not significant. Contribution/ Originality
This Study documents the role of forest resources as a source of food for livelihood sustainability in the rural communities of Ejagham in Etung Local Government Area of Cross River State. This study also examined the level of involvement of the people of Etung in forest resource exploitation and utilization. Finally, this paper examined the seasonal variation in the level of involvement of the people in the study area in forest resource exploitation.
Designed and organized structures show increased resistance compared to organic and compressed ones when facing natural dangers. Based on Islamic indices of the Department of roads and city construction regarding old constructs, the main organic weaves of cities are included in this definition. So, near one eighth of the city population of Iran resides in such structures. This matter has made attention to renovation and strengthening of this immense volume of city structure more necessary. In this planning, attention should be devoted to special design of spaces for safe evacuation, design of public passageways in accord with prevention of blockage at the time of earthquake, and dangerous city facilities such as gas provision networks and the building material of the ground. Only with strengthening of these structures, people can to some extent in case of occurrence of an earthquake have peace of mind and live without fear. In this paper which has been formulated based on an applied and descriptive-analytic method, it has been endeavored concurrently with analysis of past actions to introduce new executive strategies for the purpose of decreasing riskiness in these structures. Contribution/ Originality
This study based on the approved urban development plans was conducted to document the dangers of earthquakes and its influence on the damaged area with regard to the specific circumstances of the tissues. Also, this study by analyzing the vulnerability factors provides executive solutions in this field.
Abstract