Susceptibility of Zabrus sp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) to Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae)
The efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes has been studied against the adults of Zabrus sp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae), an important insect pest of wheat in the laboratory first time in the world. The trials have been conducted in small plastic pots with a lid (8 cm in height, 6 cm in diameter) containing autoclaved soil and repeated 2 times. Five nematodes; Steinernema feltiae-Commercial, S. feltiae-Endemic, S. carpocapsae, S. bicornutum, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and H. indica were tested on Zabrus larvae in the trials with 3 rates of 50, 100 and 200 infective juveniles (IJs)/cm2 at 25 and 32°C. The mortalities caused by nematodes increased by increasing rate. At 25°C, the highest mortality with 85% at the rate of 100 IJs/cm2 was caused by S. carpocapsae, and S. feltiae-Commercial and H. indica at the rate of 50 IJs/cm2, and H. indica at the rate of 100 IJs/cm2 produced the lowest mortality with 17.5%. At 32°C, S. bicornutum at the rate of 200 IJs/cm2 was the one providing the highest mortality with 80% while S. feltiae-Commercial at the rate of 50 IJs/cm2 was causing 10% mortality which was the lowest. As a result, S. carpocapsae and S. bicornutum showed the best efficacy against Zabrus sp. and it was followed by S. feltiae-Commercial and H. bacteriophora.
Keywords:
Zabrus spp., Entomopathogenic nematods, Steinernema, Heterorhabditis and biological control
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