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Listing 119 - 20 of 2806 results.

Factors Influencing Farmers’ Adoption of Soil Conservation Development

Research Article
Author(s): Anissa Gara, Edwin P. Mhede, Sawahiko Shimada, Hiromichi Toyoda
Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
Landscape degradation by soil erosion has increased considerably in Ethiopian lands due to deforestation of natural mountain forests and the cultivation of large areas resulting in a serious environmental problem threatening the sustainability of agriculture and population food security. In Boset Wareda (in Ethiopia), farmers are producing for subsistence and exerting an increasing erosion of the land. Nevertheless, soil and water resources degradation addicted by natural and anthropologic activities are usually controlled by soil conservation techniques and water harvesting constructions. This study has contributed knowledge on social, economic and technical factors affecting adoption of CTs among household farmers in Ethiopia. CT development in the rural sector is not possible without addressing the current challenges identified in this study such as household heads farming experience, household size, and access to extension services, high costs of adoption, labour costs, and size of land owned by a household head. To reach this goal, econometrics analysis was derived from cross-sectional data for a single time period of production. Probit and Tobit models were econometrically estimated to evaluate rate of adoption (i.e., participation in conservation techniques) and intensity of adoption (i.e., allocation of land for conservation techniques) by the interviewee farmers.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature about the willingness of farmers to adopt soil and water conservation techniques. This study uses estimation methodology using econometric models: Tobit and Probit. The paper's primary contribution is finding that some farmers are not aware about erosion and land degradation problems. While other farmers are aware but financial and material constraints discourage them to install these conservations facilities.
Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

The Contingent Fit between Management Control System and Capabilities on Sustainability Performance

Research Article
Author(s): Iin Rosini, Juniati Gunawan, Dani Rahman Hakim
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management

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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the contingent fit between the management control system (MCS) with capabilities to improve the company's sustainability performance. The final sample was 185 environmental managers, human resources, marketing, operational, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) managers from 45 listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that published the annual report. Primary research data were taken by questionnaire. The data analysis method uses structural equation models with the help of the Smart PLS application. The results of this study indicate that 1) MCS has a direct effect on sustainability performance. 2) MCS affects capability. 3) Capability influences sustainability performance, and 4) contingent fit between MCS and capability has a proven impact on sustainability performance. Based on these results, future studies are expected to focus not only on the influence of MCS and capabilities on sustainability performance but also on the contingent fit between MCS and these capabilities. Thus, companies need to use MCS that has a contingent fit with their capabilities to improve sustainability performance
Contribution/ Originality
This study uses a new estimation methodology in the form of a management control system package with proven capabilities to improve sustainability performance. The contingent fit resulting from this study can help companies determine the right strategy in improving their sustainability performance.
Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 6

Risk Management and Shareholders’ Wealth Maximization

Research Article
Author(s): Grace, O. Ogundajo, Adekunle Adefisoye, Appolos, N. Nwaobia
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management

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Abstract
Risks are fundamentally part of business operational models; it cannot be completely eliminated and if not efficiently managed could result to loss of value. Wealth creation could only take place when the prevailing financial risks in the banking sectors are identified and carefully handled. An expost-facto study of 100 firm-year observations was conducted using ten listed Deposit Money banks in Nigeria for a period of 10 years from 2009 to 2018. The results of the multiple regression analysis carried out revealed that risk management significantly affected shareholders’ wealth of listed banks. Credit risk (NPLR) and operating efficiency risk (OPER) had significant negative effect on Market Value (MV) while capital risk and liquidity ratio (LQR) had significant positive effect on market value (MV). This study concluded that four elements of risk (credit risk, capital risk, operating risk, liquidity risk) significantly affected shareholders’ wealth of listed banks in Nigeria. Therefore, the management of the Nigerian banks should ensure that non-performing loan ratio to total loan is kept at its minimum; ensure adequate liquid fund in meeting customers demand as when needed, engage competent hands where deemed necessary in their operations to mitigate operating efficiency risk and possess adequate capital ratio in accordance with CBN minimum capitalization ratio, if possible, beyond the minimum required by the regulatory bodies.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the few studies which have examined the four elements of risk associated with banking industry, as it affects the wealth of the shareholders. The four risk elements considered were credit risk, operating risk, capital risk and liquidity risk.
Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 6

Combustion Quality Evaluation of Briquettes Produced from Sesame Hull as Source of Sustainable Energy

Research Article
Author(s): Adegoke Idowu Abimbola, Ige Ayodeji Rapheal, Audu Musa
Journal: Asian Journal of Energy Transformation and Conservation

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Abstract
Briquetting is an efficient way of converting agricultural and forestry residues to clean alternative energy form for rural and sub-urban communities. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the combustion properties of briquettes produced from sesame hull as an alternative fuel source to firewood and charcoal which are drivers of deforestation. Two different briquette samples were produced; Sample (A) is a briquette produced from sesame hull with 100% binder level of starch while sample (B) is a briquette produced from sesame hull with 50% binder level of starch as binding agent. The combustion properties examined include moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, density, calorific value, water boiling time and time taking by the samples to burn to ashes were also determined. The physico-chemical characteristics of the briquettes studied showed that briquettes produced of 100% binder had higher fixed carbon of 13.78 %, notable high calorific value of 26.75 MJ/Kg, water boiling time at 4.02 min and with burning time of 13.22 min. The utilization of sesame hull for the production of briquette has provided an alternative economical energy source to firewood and charcoal. The briquettes produced showed that they are suitable as an alternative source of fuel energy which can be utilize for both domestic and industrial applications.
Contribution/ Originality
This study has provided additional information in the utilization of agricultural residue (sesame hull) as a potential energy raw material via briquetting densification process. The utilization of sesame hull for the production of briquette has provided an alternative economical energy source to firewood and charcoal thereby ensuring environmental cleanliness with zero tolerance for waste management.
Energy & Environmental Sciences » Asian Journal of Energy Transformation and Conservation » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1

International Financial Reporting Standards Adoption and Earnings Management: The Fundamental Effect Framework

Research Article
Author(s): NWAUBANI, Anthony Nzeribe Chizue
Journal: Financial Risk and Management Reviews

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Abstract
The study mainly examined effect of adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards on earnings management and earnings quality in banks using a new approach - Fundamental Effect Framework. Specifically, effect on profit after tax, net interest income and ratio of loan loss provisioning of the Nigerian banks were examined. Ex-post facto research design was adopted. Secondary data on nine listed deposit money banks were analyzed using Paired Student t-test. The banks were those whose annual financial reports for 2011 and 2012 were available and contained figures under Nigerian GAAP and IFRS-equivalent of the 2011 figures. Findings revealed that IFRS adoption in Nigeria results in insignificant rise in earnings management and low earnings quality as measured by Profit After Tax and Ratio of Loan Loss Provision but leads to insignificant reduced earnings management and improved earnings quality in terms of net interest income. It is concluded that though some individual banks recorded significant reduction in earnings management under IFRS, fundamentally, the adoption in has no significant effect on earnings management and earnings quality of the banks based on the reported performance as at the date of the mandatory adoption in Nigeria. The study recommends inter-alia that IFRS Foundation and the national reporting authorities in all IFRS jurisdictions should monitor implementation and application of IFRS9 to minimize likely manger’s discretion under the “forward -looking expected- credit loss” model of the IFRS 9.
Contribution/ Originality
This study examined the effect of adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards on earnings management and earnings quality in banks using a new approach - Fundamental Effect Framework.
Economics » Financial Risk and Management Reviews » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

The Evolution of Rural Tourism in Developing Countries: The Case of Iran

Research Article
Author(s): Amir Hossein Qezelbash, Filippo Randelli
Journal: Journal of Tourism Management Research

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Abstract
One of the types of modern tourism is rural tourism that has proceeded into a more complicated stage and now it is possible to imply various stages of development in developing countries like Iran. In this case, an evolutionary approach is proposed to carry out multilevel analysis of RT within a region, to the transition from a basic rural economy to a new economic formation, and then the evolutionary economic geography may be a suitable framework. The EEG explains economical transitions as a change from a historically dominant configuration to a new one by the interplay of processes at three various levels, micro (local), meso (regional), and macro (ISDB). The paper is to adjust the EEG approach to the study of RT. We discuss that in Iran the rural transition towards a tourism development was brought up by the sluggishness of the established rural con?guration, less capability and subsequently misalignment of economically associated units, shortage of leadership in micro and meso levels are those important problems that have turned into factors disrupting RT development in Iran.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the spatial analysis of tourism economic development in rural areas of Iran. The literature review has never been used before in this context.
Business & Management » Journal of Tourism Management Research » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

Effect of Tax Administration on Tax Revenue of States in African Countries: Evidence from Nigeria

Research Article
Author(s): Terungwa Azende, Amos Iorcher Ganyam
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management

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Abstract
This study assessed the effect of tax administration on tax revenue of states in African countries with specific reference to Nigeria. The extent of improvement in tax revenue generated by states in Nigeria due to the change in tax administration motivated this study. Data were obtained from the Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and analyzed using the descriptive statistics and paired samples t-test statistics. Findings revealed a significant mean difference in pay-as-you-earn (PAYE) and road taxes (RT) before and during the tax administration of 2015 by Nigerian states. Findings also revealed an insignificant mean difference in direct assessment (DA) and miscellaneous taxes (MT) before and during the tax administration of 2015 by Nigerian states. The study concluded that the change in tax administration only witnessed selective improvement on tax revenue generated by the states and recommended that the state boards of internal revenue should consistently carry out tax awareness programs in their various states so as to enlighten the self-employed persons and informal business owners on the need and benefits of tax payment.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by uniquely comparing and assessing tax revenue in different periods of tax administration propelled by a change in government. It focuses on the direct effect of tax administration on tax revenue of states in Nigeria.
Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 6

The Influence of Knowledge Transfer through Information Technology Implementation on Headmasters Performance in Indonesian Senior High School

Research Article
Author(s): Alhadi Yan Putra
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice

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Abstract
This study aimed at analyzing the influence of the knowledge transfer through the implementation of information technology comprising variables like socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization (SECI) and reflected in the performance of the headmasters at state high schools and state vocational high schools in South Sumatera, Indonesia. The population in this study was 255 headmasters and 167 respondents were selected using nonprobability sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The instrument in measuring the variables in this study was a questionnaire distributed to respondents. The questionnaire’s validity and reliability was tested on 30 headmasters of state junior secondary schools in Palembang city who were pilot tested out of the sample to be researched later by means of calculating if r-count > r-table, to determine whether the questionnaire items were valid. The testing of data normality and hypothesis test statistics were done with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results showed that SECI have a positive and significant effect on the performance of the headmaster through the implementation of information technology. Individually, each variable of SECI was examined: the socialization and internalization variables showed a positive and significant effect while externalization and combination did not show any positive and significant effect. This study also presents the headmasters’ expectations about socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization of their future performance for implementation of information technology in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 in the Indonesia context.
Contribution/ Originality
This study aimed is one of the pioneering studies that analyze the influence of the knowledge transfer through the implementation of information technology variables like socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization (SECI). The success of these variables is a great determinant of development in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 in the Indonesia context.
Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 4

Statistical Trends of School Size, Location and Enrolment: An Evaluation of Public Junior Secondary Schools for Sustainable Development

Research Article
Author(s): Samuel Okpon Ekaette, Eyiene Ameh, Valentine Joseph Owan
Journal: World Journal of Vocational Education and Training

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Abstract
This is a trend study of School Size, Location and Enrolment Figures of Junior secondary schools in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria covering 2008 – 2016 with implications on sustainable development. The study was tailored to follow the ex-post facto research design. This study was a census, hence the entire population of 227 public secondary schools were used. Secondary quantitative data were obtained using “School Size, Location and Enrolment Figures Checklist (SSLEFC)” were analysed using descriptive statistics, while line graphs and bar charts were used to illustrate the statistical trends. The hypotheses were tested using the independent t-test statistical approach. Findings showed that higher rates of enrolment were recorded in large and urban schools than in small schools and rural schools respectively. The mean differences in the enrolment trend among urban and provincial schools were factually huge. It was presumed that there is an upward pattern in enrolment in all the schools from 2008 – 2013 and a descending pattern from 2015– 2016. Based on this conclusion, implications were discussed, while it was recommended, among others, that infrastructural provisions and adequate supply of qualified personnel be allocated to urban and rural schools evenly, to discourage rural-urban migration but promote active rural participation in Education, as well as foster sustainability in schools.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to existing literature by providing evidence on the influence of some institutional attributes on enrolment trends in upper basic education, from the perspective of a developing nation. The findings of this study have implications on the sustainability of school inputs particularly and secondary education generally.
Arts and Education » World Journal of Vocational Education and Training » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

Pedagogical Practices Involved in Integrating English Language Skills in Subject-Specific Learning: A Case of High School Teachers

Research Article
Author(s): Nhlanhla Mpofu, Mncedisi C Maphalala
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice

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Abstract
This article explores the pedagogical practices used by high school teachers in integrating disciplinary and language knowledge in a multilingual context where English is the medium of instruction. Specifically, we explored the way high school teachers implement the English Across the Curriculum (EAC) strategy in their content subjects. EAC is an old approach in language learning, however, its application is relatively new in South African high schools. To address this knowledge gap, the present study provides an answer to the following question: What pedagogical practices do high school teachers use in integrating EAC with subject-specific learning? To answer the research question, we conducted a qualitative case study, collecting data from 25 high school teachers using a focus group discussion. Data emanating from this discussion were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings indicate that in-service teachers used intentional disciplinary language learning and incidental disciplinary language acquisition as pedagogical activities for developing learners’ knowledge of the language of the discipline. In line with the findings, we recommend that learners be exposed to both intentional and accidental language learning experiences. Additionally, we recommend the use of higher comprehension pedagogical activities to develop learners’ critical thinking and awareness in both language and disciplinary knowledge.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on approaches for language teaching in second language teaching contexts. Specifically, it explores the pedagogical practices used by high school teachers across the curriculum in incorporating disciplinary and language skills in a multilingual context where English is the medium of instruction.
Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 4

Quality Assessment and Monitoring of Networks Using Passive Technique

Research Article
Author(s): Abiola Olawale Ilori, Omoniyi Ajoke Gbadamosi, Oluwafemi Clement Adeusi
Journal: Review of Computer Engineering Research

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Abstract
Continuous evaluation and monitoring of the network are essential for assessing the network's performance level, and at the same time, it helps to identify and locate problems within the network. This study focuses on the general state of passive network measuring techniques, principally due to its reputation in terms of assessing and monitoring with a high level of accuracy. Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology Okitipupa Nigeria network was used as a real-life case study of how the network is being passively monitored and evaluated. For the study, Capsa network analyzer and a double network card splitter were used as the passive tool. Packet size, one-way delay, and packet fragmentation were metrics assessed on the University’s network. Although the capturing device was synchronized with the network, captures are quite short, with some negative values, so the clocks are not simultaneous in the process. However, passive tools were reported to assess and monitor the network's performance efficiently and effectively.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated passive measuring techniques as a tool in the assessment and monitoring of networks. The study reported values with a high level of accuracy. Hence, passive tools are effective in the assessment and monitoring of the network's performance.
Computer Sciences » Review of Computer Engineering Research » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Decentralization on Poverty in Cameroon

Research Article
Author(s): Moses Abit Ofeh, Joachem Meh BIN, Sergeo Beng CHE
Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of decentralization on poverty in Cameroon in a holistic stand point. This was done using data from the Ministry of decentralization and local development in Cameroon from 2011-2019, African election data and ECAM II and III. A Panel data linear regression model was used and the results showed that decentralization procedure is poverty reducing in Cameroon. These findings have implication for poverty reduction in Cameroon. The paper then suggests that by putting an effective and efficient decentralization strategy (that is letting local councils to exercise their own developmental activities by taking into consideration their local realities, there will be growth and development enhancing). This will equally lead to competition among councils in the country for creativity and other initiatives. To allow for a healthy working environment, both local and central governments should implement decentralization processes without reservations. Inspection, supervision and control should be intensified.
Contribution/ Originality
This article contributes to knowledge as a case study in Cameroon. It explains some challenges in the subject matter and gives the policy-maker a chance to appreciate principles of effective implementation of decentralization to reduce poverty.
Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

The Antibacterial Activity of Locally Grown Turmeric (Guyana) Using Ethanol Extracts at Different Concentrations against Escherichia Coli, Proteus Vulgaris, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Staphylococcus Aureus

Research Article
Author(s): Nirvanie Persaud, Paulette Ragobeer, Ruth Daniel
Journal: The Asia Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) locally grown in Guyana against the different strains of bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Different concentrations of the turmeric extract were prepared ranging from 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% using the solvent 95% ethanol. The antibacterial activity was tested against the aforementioned bacterial strains at the different concentrations of the extract using the disc diffusion method. According to the results, the ethanolic turmeric extract exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. Maximum antibacterial activity was seen at 25% concentration against three of the tested bacteria, namely E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Overall, the effect of the ethanolic turmeric extract varied with the concentrations against the four tested bacteria whereby Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most susceptible to the extracts while Proteus vulgaris was the most resistant. The use of ethanolic turmeric extract as an antibacterial agent in treatment of infections caused by bacteria has been suggested by many researchers.
Contribution/ Originality
Guyana has a rich biodiversity. One can only be searching to find a cure by alternate methods to fight against diseases that are rampant across the globe. In this original research, we are trying to find the effect of locally grown turmeric, the findings that help to contribute to the scientific community by seeing its effect on selected bacteria thus adding to the existing literature of its significance.
Biological Sciences » The Asia Journal of Applied Microbiology » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Strategies for Adapting to Climate Change by Livestock Farmers in Southwestern Nigeria

Research Article
Author(s): Ogunniyi, L.T, Komolafe, O.D, Adepoju, A.A, Fanifosi, G.E
Journal: International Journal of Climate Research

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Abstract
Livestock production sector is one of the area in agriculture which is sensitive to climate change effect. In quest to unveil the coping mechanism adopted by farmers to mitigate the effect climate change imposes on livestock production, this study however examined farmers’ strategies for adapting to climate change by livestock farmers in South-western Nigeria. Specifically, it identifies the various adaptation techniques adopted to mitigate the perceived effect of climate change, as well as the effect of climate change on livestock production and adaptation strategies. Data were collected using well-structured questionnaire and interview schedule administered on 120 farmers through the use of multistage sampling procedure in the study area. Descriptive statistics and multinomial Logit were used to analyze data collected. The multinomial Logit model used to analyze the determinants of farm-level adaptation measures revealed that age, sex, farm size and experience are statistically significant at various levels. The adaptation measure used are moving focus from livestock to crop, adopting drought tolerant animal, investing in multiple livestock species and engaging in nonfarm activities. Priority should be set on adjusting to ongoing and potential effects of climate change, deforestation and bush burning should be discourage and lastly adoption of new technologies to improve production will help reduce the effect of climate change.
Contribution/ Originality
This is one of the few studies that provide empirical fact on the adaptation strategies adopted by livestock farmers in mitigating the effect of climate change in Nigeria.
Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Climate Research » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1

Production and Value Chain Analysis of Lentil in Some Selected Areas of Bangladesh

Research Article
Author(s): Pradip Hajong, Md. Hafijur Rahman, Md. Shahriar Kobir, Suchana Paul
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research

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Abstract
The study assessed the value chain analysis of lentil in some selected areas of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 96 randomly selected lentil farmer, local trader, arathder, retailer and dal miller from Jashore, Jhenaidah and Kushtia district. The results indicated that most of the farmer of the study areas were cultivated BARI masur-8, BARI masur-7 and BARI masur-6 which were popular and prominent variety release from BARI. On an average, total production cost of lentil was Tk. 66373.83/ha, whereas variable cost was Tk. 35404.16/ha and fixed cost was Tk. 30969.68/ha. Average yield of lentil was 1.632 ton/ha in the study areas. Gross return was Tk. 115863.29/ha and net return was Tk. 49489.46/ha. Benefit cost ratio was 1.75 that means the lentil cultivation was profitable. Milling of 1 MT lentil at dal mill then it get 725 kg pulse (lentil) and 200 kg was husk (bran). Marketing cost of faria, bepari, wholesaler and retailer was Tk. 855/mt, Tk. 750/mt, Tk.5295/mt and Tk. 1580/mt respectfully. Retailer net margin was highest (Tk. 4945/mt) but they sold daily average 9.28 kg lentil only. Retailer was the highest value added Tk.6525/mt (44.85%) followed by wholesaler Tk.5525/mt (37.97%), faria (10.31%) and bepari Tk. 1000/mt (6.87%) respectfully. Total value added at different actors was Tk. 14550/mt. Bad weather and disease infestation were the major problems in the lentil cultivation.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated on the value chain, value addition and intermediaries involved in lentil value chain system of Bangladesh. This study also document about which variety of lentil was cultivated and profitability of lentil cultivation in Bangladesh.
Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 4

Nexus among Irregular Payment of Modulated Salary, Teachers’ Productivity and General Welfare in Osun State, Nigeria

Research Article
Author(s): Aransi, Waliyi Olayemi
Journal: World Journal of Vocational Education and Training

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Abstract
The study examined the nexus among irregular payment of modulated salary, teachers’ productivity and general welfare in Osun State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design was adopted and two-hundred (200) participants were sampled. Structured questionnaire tagged ‘Modulated Salary Structure Teachers’ Productivity and Welfare Questionnaire’ (MSSTPWQ) was used. Both inferential and descriptive statistical tools were used for data analysis. The empirical findings indicated that the irregular payment of modulated salary did not prevent serving teachers under consideration from being productive but they were unable to meet up with some of their welfare-enhancing targets. It was further revealed that there was no significant difference between male and female teachers’ level of productivity during irregular payment of modulated salary. Besides, a significant difference was discovered between teachers’ level of productivity based on school location but in favour of teachers serving in urban schools. On the part of welfare, the outcomes indicated that there was no significant difference in the teachers’ welfare level during irregular payment of modulated salary when gender and school location were considered. As a result, it was recommended that, employers should desist from applying contractionary wage policy during financial crisis, bush allowances should be introduced for those employees working in rural areas, employees in teaching industry are advised to enforce the professional ethics of their job and the need for financial institutions or other lending houses to review the mode of loan repayment in order to lessen the employees’ debt burden during the period of servicing the loan among others.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is the first to empirically investigate the nexus among irregular payment of modulated salary, teachers’ productivity and general welfare not only in Osun State in particular but also in Nigeria as a whole.
Arts and Education » World Journal of Vocational Education and Training » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

The Effect of Capital Structure Decisions on Profitability of Quoted Consumer Goods in Nigeria

Research Article
Author(s): Awah, Stanley Kalu, Ebiringa, Oforegbunam Thaddeus, Ugwu, Kelechi Enyinna
Journal: Journal of Empirical Studies

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Abstract
The study examined the effect of capital structure decisions on profitability of quoted consumer good firms in Nigeria. Research method adopted is ex-post facto research design. The study employed secondary data obtained from the websites of the consumer goods sub-sectors of the manufacturing sector, published annual reports and statements of accounts of the sampled firms and the Nigerian Stock Exchange F-act-book. The study adopted judgmental sampling and multi-stage sampling techniques in data collection. Multiple Regression models were used in the analysis of the data. The estimation result also showed that the retained earnings to asset ratio (REA) had a direct relationship with return on asset of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study concludes that, retained earnings to asset ratio positively influenced return on asset of quoted consumer goods firms in Nigeria at 5% level of significance. The study recommends firms' managers and financial advisors to advise the stakeholders of quoted consumer goods firms to use more of internal fund to finance a huge proportion of their assets if available. Again, the firms' managers are advised to continuously study the market and advice firms on the appropriateness of the proportions of long-term debt to be used during capital structure decisions to avoid the adverse effect of financial distress.
Contribution/ Originality
This study originated a model in the research methodology to explain the effect of retained earnings on asset ratio to return on asset of Quoted Consumer Goods firms in Nigeria. This study contributes to existing knowledge by identifying gap in the literature and creating areas for future research.
Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth: Assessing Public Policy in Ukraine

Research Article
Author(s): Kovalchuk Anna, Zhang Donghui
Journal: International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research

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Abstract
The purpose of the study is to attempt to ascertain the primary influences affecting the regional economic growth in developing countries. The research took place on the data panel of 24 provinces in Ukraine over four years under a non-linear fixed effect framework. The paper shows that population growth fosters economic efficiency. Revenue decentralization is negatively related to per capita gross regional product (per cap GRP). By so, produces a relatively high, positive, but not-significant effect under non-linear specifications; on the contrary, per capita GRP growth declines as local revenue increases under fixed-effects. As such, the research proves that findings directly rely on the model selected; however, institutional conditions matter. The business environment reforms, surprisingly, detrimentally influence regional economic growth. The economic conditions in Ukraine are hard to specify as a direct result of fiscal decentralization (FD). Hence, various impacts of non-economic considerations can contribute to regional economic growth degrees, as well. Finally, the results are by no means as satisfactory as would be expected, and additional work is clearly desirable.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on fiscal decentralization (FD) based on its relations with regional economic growth in developing countries. The paper contributes the first logical analysis on the data-set that covers the period from the launching FD up to now considering economic and social crisis. The paper's primary contribution is empirical confirmation revenue decentralization detrimentally impacts per capita GRP in Ukraine.
Economics » International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

Determinants of Firm Profitability: Evidences from Bangladeshi Manufacturing Industry

Research Article
Author(s): Mohammad Sahabuddin, Sabreena Khan Synthia
Journal: The Economics and Finance Letters

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Abstract
This study aims to investigate the factors which have impact on profitability of the manufacturing firms of Bangladesh. The determinants are divided into three categories i.e. firm-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic factors and the profitability of the firms is defined with return on assets (ROA). To investigate this relationship, the study has taken into consideration of 508 sample observations from 113 Bangladeshi listed manufacturing firms covering the year from 2014 to 2018. The model this study used, includes the dynamic aspect of profitability and thus a dynamic panel estimator i.e. the General Method of Moments (G.M.M.) was applied. The result of this study shows that firm-specific factors (age, labor cost), industry-specific factor (concentration) and macroeconomic factors (G.D.P. growth rate, inflation) have significant influence on manufacturing firm’s profitability.
Contribution/ Originality
This study examined the Panel data by using General Method of Moments (G.M.M.) to investigate the determinants of profitability which contributes to the existing literature in manufacturing industry of Bangladesh by introducing variables from three different categories; firm-specific, industry-specific and especially macroeconomic factors for the very first time.
Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

Adoption of Target Costing in Diverse Industries: A Qualitative Study

Research Article
Author(s): Mahjabeen Binte Alam, Tanvir Ahmed, Zahin Irfan Khan, Masnun Haque, Shehrly Mahboob Hera
Journal: International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences

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Abstract
The motive of this paper is to review the articles and research papers regarding the adoption of target costing in different sectors and examines several findings and gaps in the existing literature. This paper reviews existing literature from some renowned journals, official associations and published researches from various timelines. Review of eighteen-journal paper related to target costing is included in this paper. Implication of target costing is the main point of the papers, which is included. Target costing is a popular concept, which is proved to bring better result if applied in the earlier design stages and if firms have a good coordination among their various departments. The papers mostly tested manufacturing firms and construction firms. The findings of the paper suggest that most of the companies do not consider any particular policy for target costing even though these are from same type of industries. Target costing related papers are hard to find in Bangladesh and this paper attempts to give an overall review on the major findings from its adoption. It discovers some gaps in the current existing literature and requires further researches on its application on various other industries.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies, which have investigated adoption of target costing in various industries throughout the world. This paper’s primary contribution is to find out scarcity of studies about target costing and necessity of the particular topic to be investigated.
Social Sciences » International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1