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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection can induce a variety of economically important clinical manifestations in cattle herds. One potential outcome is the creation of calves that are viremic but immunotolerant to the virus. These persistently infected (PI) calves are the result of in utero exposure to BVDV prior to the development of a competent fetal immune system. The aim of this study was to detect of cattle persistently infected with BVDV by ear-notch testing in southeast of Iran. Ear-notch skin samples, 3 mm in diameter, were collected from a total of 127 cattle from 6 randomly selected herds (calves aged under 12 months ), using pliers usually used for ear tagging and skin notch sampling, as described by the manufacturer of the Herd check ELISA kit (IDEXX) for the detection of BVDV antigen in PI cattle. Overall, 0.78 per cent of the animals examined, were positive for BVDV antigen.This study identifies the cattle persistently infected with BVDV by ear-notch testing in southeast of Iran for the first time. Contribution/ Originality
This study identifies the cattle persistently infected with BVDV by ear-notch testing in southeast of Iran for the first time. Agricultural Sciences » Animal Review » Month: 12-2014 Issue: 4
Ingessana Goats Phenotype, Carcass and Wholesale Cuts Characteristics in Fadamia, Bao Locality, Blue Nile State, Sudan
Two studies were conducted to characterize the phenotype, carcass and wholesale cuts in Ingessana goats in Fadamia, Bao Province, Blue Nile State, Sudan which is about 521km south east of Khartoum. In the first study 250 animals were used to study body weight and measurements and colours at different ages in villages in the area. In the second study 6 males at <1 and 1 year old (three in each age group) were used to study body components and carcass and wholesale characteristics. The data was statistically analyzed according to MSTAT. Body weight (BW) and measurements, except horns and tail length, were increased with age. The correlations between BW and measurements were calculated and different regression equations were used to predict BW from some body weight at different ages with no significant (P>0.05) differences between measured and predicted BW. Animals’ colours varied greatly and were mainly black and white (35%). All body components percentages, except skin and small intestines, were higher at <1 year old with no significant difference between the two age groups. Slaughter weight, empty BW (EBW) and hot carcass weight were significantly (P <0.05) higher at1 year old. Dressing percentages were higher on EBW than LBW and were not significantly (P>0.05) different between the two age groups. Carcass muscle, bone, fat and muscle: fat were not significantly (P>0.05) different between the two age groups. Muscle: fat was significantly higher at 1 year old (P<0.05). There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in all wholesale cuts percentages between the two age groups. The percentages of leg and chump, single short forequarter and loin were higher at 1 year old and breast and neck percentages were higher at <1 year old. Contribution/ Originality
The paper contributes the first logical analysis of phenotype, carcass and wholesale cuts characteristics of Ingessana goats in Blue Nile State, Sudan. The study also predicted equation for measuring body weight which contributes to the existing literature. Agricultural Sciences » Animal Review » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Effect of Whole Inedible Date and Amino Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance of Ross 308 Broiler Chicks
This work aims to assess the potential of discarded date meal (DDM) as an alternative ingredient in broiler diets. The effect of substituting 5 or 10% of corn and soybean meal (SBM) with DDM on performance, carcass characteristics, serum constituents and nutrients retention of broilers from 12 to 35 d of age was evaluated. A total of 150 chicks were randomly distributed in a factorial arrangement (3x2) into six treatments. Three levels of DDM (0, 5 and 10%) and 2 levels of AAs (normal and high) were utilized. A significant interaction was detected for BWG (P<0.01) and FCR (P<0.001). Birds which had received 0% and 5% DDM and high AAs converted feed more efficiently when compared to those which had received low AAs. When examining the main effects for FCR, both DDM and AAs showed a significant effects on FCR (P<0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Birds received 5% DDM converted feed more efficiently as compared to 0 and 10%. Also, birds received the high AAs level converted feed more efficiently as compared to the normal level. On the other hand, breast muscle yield and abdominal fat were affected by DDM and AAs (P<0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Birds on the 0% DDM had higher breast muscle yield as compared to 5 or 10% DDM. Also, high AAs increased breast yield by 1.5% as compared to normal AAs. The results revealed that birds received 5% DDM performed better than the control or 10%. Also, supplementing diets with higher AAs level improved the performance. Based on presented evidences, it is recommended to substitute 5% of corn and SBM with DDM. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature regarding the utilization of dates as a potential ingredient that could partially replace corn in broiler diets. This study documents that DDM could be incorporated in poultry diets as a cheap untraditional ingredient to reduce feeding cost. This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the effect of amino acids supplementation to DDM as a method to improve the nutritive value. Agricultural Sciences » Animal Review » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Emergent Behavior of “Rational” Agents in Some Forgotten N-Person Games
This paper investigates N-person games with linear payoff functions, which are defined by four parameters each for the case when some of these parameters are equal to each other. Such cases represent transitions between different games. The participating agents are all greedy simpletons who imitate the behavior of the neighbor in their Moore neighborhood - nine neighbors, including themselves - that received the highest reward in the previous iteration. The results show that the solutions are non-trivial and represent quite irregular emergent behavior when the payoff functions are equal or cross each other. Contribution/ Originality
The paper contributes the first logical analysis of borderline N-person games. Economics » Games Review » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 1
A Mixed-Methods Study to Explore Stage of Readiness and Intention of Micro and Small Enterprises to Adopt Mobile Money in Indonesia
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
The objectives of this study are to understand the stage of readiness of micro and small entrepreneurs to adopt mobile money service, and to explore factors that influence mobile money acceptance in an Indonesia setting. Micro and small enterprises were expected to modify people behaviour, from cash oriented to digital. The authors implemented a mixed-methods study with the qualitative approach was in the first step. The qualitative data were collected in an industrial cluster of traditional batik textile in West Java Province, Indonesia. This first stage of study focussed on current financial transaction methods, attitude on mobile money, and intention to adopt mobile money. Thirty-one entrepreneurs participated in face-to-face interviews. Findings of the qualitative study were illustrated into the proposed model to be examined in the quantitative study. Indicators for the instrument were also taken and adapted from those findings. Furthermore, the quantitative study was conducted in Jakarta, attracting 181 micro and small entrepreneurs with various backgrounds of industries. The quantitative data were analysed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Four of eleven hypotheses were accepted. This study carried out findings that to predict intention in adopting mobile money, micro and small entrepreneurs were influenced by attitude and social influence whereas attitude was influenced by perceived credibility and perceived and usefulness. Contribution/ Originality
The current work documents behavioural intention relating mobile money among micro and small entrepreneurs in Indonesia using a mixed-methods approach and structural equation modelling for data analysis whereas others predominantly involve customers, using a qualitative approach. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 01-2015 Issue: 1
Attributes Influencing Strategic Alignment in the Service Sector: An Indonesian Banking Sector Case Study
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
Strategic alignment of manufacturing has been researched for more than four decades while research on service strategic alignment research is scarce. This paper is to explore attributes of strategic alignment in the service sector based on the manufacturing alignment literature modified for the service sector. Through a process of interviews of 14 senior managers in Indonesian banks I have identified new dimensions of service strategic alignment. A significant attribute to emerge which was most important in the context of Indonesian banking was standard operational procedures (SOPs), which ended up being the most important. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature about an understanding of which attributes of strategic alignment are required to enable a business to achieve world class standing in the service sector. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 2
Leveraging Telematics for Optimal Fleet Performance
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a modern fleet management system implemented in Kenya Power & Lighting Company, a utility firm in power distribution to improve the logistics of transporting staff, goods and materials. Fleet operations are increasingly turning to vehicle telematics systems to boost profitability, productivity and operational efficiencies. The vehicle telematics also known as a GPS fleet management system or GPS vehicle tracking system combines a GPS receiver and an electronic GSM device installed in each vehicle, which then communicates with the user and web-based software which provides monitoring of the vehicle location, movements and status of a vehicle or fleet of vehicles. Evidence of companies reducing costs, eliminating inefficiencies and locating lost equipment are making telematics an attractive investment for transport business owners. The study employed the mixed methods research to provide a better understanding of the research problem by use both quantitative and qualitative approach in data collection. The research findings show a positive impact on the delivery of transport services at reduced operational cost after the adoption of the GPS enabled fleet management system in the company transport operations. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding the effect of modern IT solutions on the transport logistics processes and possible improvement in fleet operational performance. This study contributes in the existing literature on real-time IT logistics technology whilst providing the necessary impetus for more research in areas which are not well-researched. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 2
Study of the Effect of Substitution on Phtalocyanine Based Compounds for Photovoltaic Application
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research
The research inorganic solar cell has been developed especially in the last decade and has attracted scientific and economic interest triggered by a rapid increase in power conversion efficiencies. In this work, computational study on the geometries and electronic properties of structures composed of phthalocyanine and zinc phthalocyanine which are substituted by different group PcR and PcZn-R. We presented a theoretical study by using DFT method at B3LYP level with 6-31G (d) basis set. The theoretical knowledge of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the components is basic in studying organic solar cells, so, the HOMO, LUMO, Gap energy and the photovoltaic properties of the studied compounds have been calculated. These properties suggest these materials as a good candidate for organic solar cells. Contribution/ Originality
The present paper aims to analyze numerically the heat and mass transfer for laminar double-diffusive mixed convection flow in a parallel plate reactor with heat generation and chemical reaction. The reactant fluid enters from the left inlet and exits from the right outlet. All solid walls of the reactor are assumed to be thermodynamically isolated. After entering the reactor, the fluid passes four heated cylinder. Two-dimensional continuity, momentum, energy and concentration equations govern the developed mathematical model. Galerkin finite element method with triangular grid discretization system is used to solve the governing non-dimensional equations. The aim of the investigation is to illustrate the effects of the energy expelled during the reaction, on velocity, the thermal field and concentration of the heat sensitive chemical. Numerical simulations are conducted for different combinations of chemical reaction parameter and heat generation parameter. Results are presented in terms of streamlines, temperature and concentration distributions. The results reveal that the heat and mass transfer rate strongly depend on the mentioned parameter. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the heat and mass transfer in a chemical reactor using finite element method. The paper’s primary contribution is finding the effect of chemical reaction and heat generation on the flow temperature and concentration in a parallel plate reactor. Engineering » International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 2
Contiguous Function Relations and an Integral Representation for Appell k-Series F_(1,k)
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Mathematical Research
The main objective of this paper is to derive contiguous function relations or recurrence relations and obtain an integral representation Appell k-series F_(1,k), where k>0. Contribution/ Originality
This study originates a new formula for Appell’s series in the form of a new symbol k>0 and contributes for deriving contiguous function relations, obtaining an integral representation of the Appell’s series in terms of said symbol k>0. Arts and Education » International Journal of Mathematical Research » Month: 04-2015 Issue: 2
Micro-Credits and Poverty Reduction in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania: A Case Study of Dar-Es-Salaam Commercial Bank
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research
The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of micro-credits on poverty reduction in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. The study used a sample of 200 respondents taken using simple random sampling, while data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using statistical methods derived from the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) research which, when used, provides a variety of statistical measures like percentages, mean, standard deviation, variances etc. The study found out that Micro-credits contribute positively towards reduction of poverty for Dar-es-Salaam residents who are mainly neglected by the formal banking sector on the aspects of loans provision. The field results presented the following means: creation of employment 4.8300, increase level of income 4.3850, asset accumulation 3.6382, improve borrowers living standards 4.4050, create awareness to borrowing and resettlement monthly 3.8100, and promote respect and social dignity 4.6700 of the total sample. Added to the above, the study found that Dar es Salaam Commercial Bank contributed to the reduction of poverty and vulnerability of poor through enabling them to break the vicious cycle of poverty and also enabling them to enhance self-empowerment, respect and social dignity. The study concludes that micro-credits are a useful means for the poor section of the society to reduce or eliminate poverty. It enables the financially less fortunate members of our society to overcome financial inadequacies. The researcher, thus, recommends the following policy issues: development of ideal means for micro-credit institutions to serve more the section of the society that is neglected by the formal banking sector and assist in the enactment of appropriate micro-credit infrastructure and policies to reach the poor. Contribution/ Originality
This paper’s primary contribution is finding out that micro-credits contribute positively towards reduction of poverty for Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania) residents and that Micro-credit Institutions provide important services for these clients who are mainly neglected by the formal banking sector on loans provision, playing increasing vital roles in society development. Economics » International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Profitability of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPS) Production and Marketing in Zuru Local Government Area, Kebbi State: A Case for Honey
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research
The study examined production and marketing of honey in Zuru Local Government area of Kebbi state. This research covers five district areas of Dabai, Manga, RafinZuru, Rikoto and Senchi. Five villages each of the districts were purposively selected, four (4) respondents were randomly selected from each village giving a total sample size of 100 respondents. 100 structured and open – ended questionnaires were administered, out of this number, 86 were retrieved. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and gross margin. In the marketing channels, individual consumers are the most active patronizers whereabout 36.0 and 37.2% of the honey producers and marketers respectively obtained between N6001 – N8000 and N2801 - N4800 net profit per week. The total profit made by the producers and marketers of honey were ₦610,150.00 and ₦478,560.00, while the average profits were ₦7,094.77 and ₦5,564.65 per week. Thus, honey production and marketing is a profitable business in the area. The rate of return was 375.93. The benefit cost ratio is greater than one (4.76), indicating that revenue from the business is able to cover the total cost. To address the problem of capital, the study recommended that honey producers and marketers should form co-operative societies so as to enable them access loans to boost their business. Contribution/ Originality
This study, the first of its kind in the study area has contributed immensely in providing insight into the profitability and worth-whileness of the venture by uplifting the living standard and overall socio-economic capabilities of the stakeholders. Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
Fetal Maceration in Crossbred Holstein Frisian Heifer-A Case Report
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research
A maiden crossbred HF heifer was treated by one local veterinarian for induction of parturition due to fetal death with cloprostenol sodium and thereafter by combination of dexamethasone plus estrogen with no success. Looking at the condition of the animal, cesarean was conducted using ventrolateral approach under line infiltration of local analgesia as per standard procedure. A macerated fetus was expelled. Metritis developed 8 days following operation and was treated successfully. Contribution/ Originality
Methylphenidate (MPD) is one of the choices to treat attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and its mechanism of action is not clear. Concomitant behavioral and locus coeruleus (LC) neuronal activity were recorded following acute and chronic (0.6, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg) MPD in freely moving rats. The experiment last for 10 days. (1) The behavioral recording showed that acute MPD increases in locomotor activity in a dose dependent manner. (2) The same dose of chronic MPD administration elicits in some animals behavioral sensitization and in others behavioral tolerance. (3) The majority of the LC unit responded to acute MPD exposure by increase their firing rate. (4) The baseline activity on experimental day 10 (ED 10) after six daily repetitive MPD exposure was modulated in most of the LC units. (5) More than 90% of the LC unit respond to chronic MPD exposure and the majority of them by decrease their firing rate compared to the initial MPD effect. (6) The neuronal response to acute and chronic MPD recorded from animals expressing behavioral sensitization was significant difference from the LC units recorded from animals that expressed behavioral tolerance. Results indicated that the LC neuronal activities may contribute to the expression of behavioral sensitization and tolerance induced by chronic MPD administration and suggested that it is essential to record the animal’s behavioral responses concomitantly with the LC neuronal activity events. Contribution/ Originality
This paper is the first study which reported the acute and chronic dose response property of MPD on LC neuronal activity recorded concomitant with animal behavior. The study show neuronal activity recorded from behavioral sensitized animal response to MPD differently compare to those LC units recorded from behavioral tolerance animals. Medical Sciences » Journal of Brain Sciences » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Evidence of A Pharmacological Dissociation Between The Robust Effects of Methylphenidate on Adhd Symptoms and Weaker Effects on Working Memory
Working memory (WM) deficits often co-occur with, but do not define, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Preclinical and neuroimaging studies show that ADHD and WM deficits are dissociated at the level of individual dopamine receptor function. We hypothesized that there would also be a pharmacological dissociation of the effects of stimulants on ADHD and WM. ADHD subjects were derived from three prospective clinical trials involving treatment with OROS methylphenidate for at least 6 weeks. Subjects were adolescents and adults with DSM-IV ADHD with systematic assessments of WM and ADHD symptoms. Cohen’s d was used to evaluate effect size between baseline and week 6 for all assessments, and Pearson correlations were used to evaluate the relationship between assessments at baseline and between change scores for assessments from baseline to week 6. Cohen’s d estimates for the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery spatial working memory measures differed significantly by 1.8 standard deviations (t= -10.8, df= 70, p < 0.001) and 1.9 standard deviations (t= -11.1, df= 70, p < 0.001) for the strategy and total between errors subcategories respectively. Confidence intervals did not overlap with those of the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS). A similar effect was observed for changes in AISRS and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function working memory scale where the Cohen’s d estimates differed significantly by 1.1 standard deviations (t= -2.5, df= 137, p = 0.015) and confidence intervals did not overlap. These findings provide further evidence for the dissociation between ADHD and WM deficits. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents that responses to methylphenidate in ADHD symptoms and working are dissociated, indicating that a sizeable number of ADHD subjects may continue to struggle with residual working memory impairments despite good clinical response to methylphenidate. Medical Sciences » Journal of Brain Sciences » Month: 07-2015 Issue: 2
Suicides and Factors Associated With Suicides-A Study in a Rural Setup of Pondicherry in South India
The aim of this study was to find out the suicide rate and possible factors associated with suicides in a rural area in Pondicherry. Information was collected regarding suicides within the last two years, using a pretested questionnaire by house to house survey in the study area which is a rural set up in the south Indian union territory of Pondicherry. We found that the annual average suicide rate in this village was 110.64/100,000 population which is very high compared to the national average. The majority of suicides were committed by married males (75%). Commonest age of suicide is 15-45 years (46.16%). The reasons found for suicide were family problems leading to stress 9(78.84%) and health problems 4(30.76%). The commonest mode of suicide was by hanging 6(46.15%) and least by burning 3(23.07%). Maximum suicide occurred in the month of November to December 4(36.36%). The findings imply the need for a holistic community based approach to tackle this complex issue of suicide. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that the suicide rates in our study area are very high compared to the national average. The key target group for suicide prevention initiatives emerges as married, middle aged males working as a daily wage worker who have the habit of consuming alcohol. Medical Sciences » Journal of Brain Sciences » Month: 07-2015 Issue: 2
Predict Survival of Patients with Lung Cancer Using an Ensemble Feature Selection Algorithm and Classification Methods in Data Mining
This research proposes an efficient model for predicting the survival rate of patients affected by lung cancer. The researchers collected data from four feature categories (population, recognition, treatment, and result) of cancer patients based on the importance of the survival of patients with lung cancer. Analyses of the predicted survival rates of the patients indicate that, among the classification algorithms, Decision Tree C5.0 results the highest accuracy. The models were created using algorithms based on the level of death risk in five stages: six months, nine months, one year, two years, and five years. In this paper, we proposed a mechanism for feature selection. Our mechanism combines the results of some feature section algorithm. The results illustrate that out mechanism outperform other feature selection algorithms. After applying the proposed mechanism for feature selection, the accuracy of the C5.0 algorithm was equivalent to 97.93%. Contribution/ Originality
This study proposes an Ensemble feature selection algorithm for predict survival of patients with lung cancer. Computer Sciences » Journal of Information » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 1
Gene Expression during the Cell Cycle: Obfuscation of Original Cell-Cycle Gene Expression Data by Normalization
Normalization of raw data on gene expression during the cell cycle obscures the original experimental data and makes it appear as if all genes have the same numerical level of cyclical expression. Results that would not support gene expression because of minimal variations thus appear, after normalization, to be stronger than they actually are. Consideration of the effect of normalization raises critical questions about many experiments on the cell cycle dependent variation of gene expression—that is, proposed cyclical changes in mRNA content—during the cell cycle. Contribution/ Originality
This paper demonstrates that normalization makes minimal variations appear much stronger than they are in the raw data, and thus one should be skeptical of some published results proposing cell-cycle specific gene expression. Medical Sciences » Journal of Cells » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Comparative Study of Print Media Coverage of Indian Athletes in London Olympics
Sports became the most interesting area of media coverage among different stream. As it has got its most important status in the world’s media to popularize the newspaper, there is a distinct lack of comparative research on the media coverage of sports. To minimize the gap, this search draws attention on sports coverage during the London Olympics, 2012 from three different newspapers of different languages. The coverages were recorded considering the preview, competition and review phases. The results show that the total coverage of the English newspaper, the Telegraph (36039 sq. cm.) was more than the other two Bengali and Hindi newspapers (9224 sq. cm. and 2599 sq. cm. respectively). The female performers got more attention (34942 sq. cm.) than the male performers (12920 sq. cm.). All the three newspapers provided maximum coverage in the competition phase rather than the other two phases. The English newspaper provided more attention in preview of the main competition also in comparison to the other two newspapers. It has concluded that the coverage of the print media depends mainly on the performance of the athletes, popularity of the performers and intensity of the competition. Contribution/ Originality
The present study enriched the research in the area of sports journalism. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Theoretical Preparation of Fencers at the Stage of Previous Basic Development
The article presents the results of a survey of fencers at the stage of previous basic development, aimed at determination of preparedness for various information blocks. There was established that general level of theoretical preparedness of fencers for different blocks of knowledge from 3,5 to 5,8 points. Questionnaire consisted of five blocks of questions: "The history of the origin and development of fencing", "Competitive activity", "Technique and Tactics", "Basic theory and methodology of athletes training", "Olympism". Correct answers were evaluated by varying the number of points depending on the level of difficulty. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have justified the program of theoretical training of fencers at stage of previous basic development and its effectivity in the educational and training process. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Abstract