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Presentation of Empirical Equations for Estimating Internal Friction Angle of SP and SC Soils in Mashhad, Iran Using Standard Penetration and Direct Shear Tests and Comparison with Previous Equations
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Geography and Geology
Presentation of empirical equations for estimating engineering properties of soils is a simple, low cost and widely-used method. One of the major concerns in using these equations is evaluating their accuracy in different conditions and regions which often leads to doubts about obtained results. Most of these equations were derived in special laboratories, different climate conditions and in soils with different geotechnical and geological engineering properties and were generalized to other conditions. The main question is that whether these methods are also applicable to other conditions. Using local equations and narrowing the usage range of various methods based on each region properties are appropriate methods to solve these problems. This leads to simplified and faster analysis and high reliability in the obtained results. In this paper, empirical equations were derived to estimate internal friction angle, based on SPT numbers of Mashhad City’s soils in Iran, using SPT and direct shear tests results from 50 samples (25 SP and 25 SC soils samples). The results showed similar values for predicted φ values by SPT test and φ values determined by direct shear tests. Contribution/ Originality
This study originates new formulas about finding internal friction angle based on SPT number and soil type. Finding local formulas to estimate reliable φ values based on SPT number and soil type is a new method that can widely use in all regions. Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Geography and Geology » Month: 05-2015 Issue: 5
Governments Policy Reforms from 1970s Onward and It’s Implications on Land Use and Land Cover With the Help of GIS And RS Techniques In Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Geography and Geology
The few policies that existed to stop the accelerating rate of land degradation were poorly enacted because institutions involved in land-related policies changed frequently. Three different governments have been in power in Ethiopia since 1972, and the policies implemented by each have directly affected land use. To do this, the studies analyze the LULC changes by considering the major political and policy reforms from 1970s. For this study, four LANDSAT images covering over a period of 1972 (Landsat-1 MSS); 1984 (Landsat-5 TM); 2000 (Landsat-7 ETM+) and 2014 (Landsat-8 OLI_TIRS) was used and analyzed using Arc GIS 10.1 and Erdas Imagine 13. Supervised classification system was used to classify the images of different land use categories. Generally Farm land, Settlement land, Grazing land, Forest land, Bush land, Water bodies and Bare/stony land was identified. The result shows that there is decreasing of Bush land from the year 1972 to 2014 and forest land from the year 1984 to 2014. And there was increasing of Agriculture and settlement from the year 1972 to 2014. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature for the contribution of government policy reforms from 1970s on land use land cover. This study is important to understand government policy reforms on natural resource management in general and land cover change in particular. Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Geography and Geology » Month: 05-2015 Issue: 5
Effects of Servant Leader Behaviors on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors for the Individual (OCB-I) In the Nigeria’s Utility Industry Using Partial Least Squares (PLS)
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability
This study examines the effects servant leader behaviors on employee organizational citizenship behaviors for the individual (OCB-I) among low and middle level employees of utility sector organizations in Nigeria. Specifically, this study examined the role of five servant leader behaviors - emotional healing, creating value for the community, conceptual skills, helping subordinates grow and succeed and putting subordinates first - on one major forms of employee citizenship behaviors - organizational citizenship behaviors that benefit the individual (OCB-I), A sample of 325 employees was used for empirical testing, and Partial Least Squares Method (PLS) algorithm and bootstrap techniques were used to test the hypothesized relationships. The results provided support for most of the hypothesized relationships except two. Specifically, emotional healing, conceptual skills, helping subordinates grow and succeed, putting subordinates first, are significantly and positively related to both OCB-I. However, creating value for the community is significantly but negatively related to OCB-I. Therefore, significant positive effects of emotional healing, conceptual skills, helping subordinates grow and succeed, and putting subordinates first suggest that the servant leader constructs are important in motivating followers’ OCB-I in organizations. Enhanced performance of OCB-I can improve the overall effective function of organizations. Contributions, limitations, and implications are discussed. Contribution/ Originality
This study uses Partial Least Squares (PLS) as a new estimation methodology in the study of servant leadership and OCBs. Additionally, for the first time, effects of five servant leader behaviors were assessed against OCB-I. OCB-I is a pair component of Williams and Anderson (1991) OCB construct. Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 6
Employer Branding Impact on Employee Behavior and Attitudes Applied Study on Pharmatecual in Egypt
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability
This study is an exploratory study aims to investigate the impact of employer branding personality on employee differentiation, loyalty, satisfaction and affinity among organizations in Pharmaceuticals industry in Egypt. The survey was based on corporate character scale & employee behavior indicators that had been modified and used locally. The paper surveyed literature review of the employer branding (EB) concept and employee differentiation, loyalty, satisfaction and affinity & the pharmaceutical sector overview in Egypt. The study findings employer branding impact employee differentiation, loyalty, satisfaction and affinity as illustrated through paper. Which, deeply interwoven and opens up new questions to be explored by future research identified through paper. Contribution/ Originality
This study one of very few studies which had investigated the Employer Branding phenomenon related to the human resources management approach, as the few empirical researches focused on the talent management and employee retention not the employee behaviors and attitudes especially in Arab country like Egypt. Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 6
The Role of Health and Medical Professions in Indonesia
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research
Introduction: In the context of public health, there are many problems in Indonesia, for instances the variation of many islands like Java , Sumatra, Kalimantan, Papua, Bali, Nusa Tenggara and so on, the huge number of population, the variation of tribes, income, public health services, the making of public health policy and so on. In relation to the above mentioned, then the application of public health program are need to be taken into mind, because of based on that there will be the variations of role of health and medical profession in the many differences of occupations. Method & Discussion: this paper is made based on library studies that compile from many data which hopefully can be used to construct the right of scientific writing in the context of public health sciences in relation to the General Medicine. Result & Discussion: quite clear that there are many public health aspects that need to be taken into policy in relation to clinical aspects, health financing aspects, health economic aspects, and the like which in general it will come to at least the understanding of primary health services and secondary health services functions. There is a need to develop the real and perfect program of the General Physician who can be used to support the Primary Health Centre. It means that what the Indonesian need to be implemented is not only the health financing program, but also the right Medical Education Program, the right Family Medicine Program, the right Primary Health Care, the right Population Health Care, and so on. Conclusion: there is a need to manage the role of health and medical profession in Indonesia in a specific way, where then based on that they can work together in a harmony with many other occupations, for instance sociologist, psychologist, lawyer, technique experts, and so on. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature of public health and primary care in Indonesia. This study uses new estimation methodology of Public Health’s policy and originates new formula to be healthy. The paper’s primary contribution is finding that there is a need to increase the doctor’s knowledge and skills. Medical Sciences » International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research » Month: 08-2015 Issue: 8
RLS Fixed-Lag Smoother Using Covariance Information Based on Innovation Approach in Linear Continuous Stochastic Systems
This paper newly designs the RLS (recursive least-squares) fixed-lag smoother and filter, based on the innovation theory, in linear continuous-time stochastic systems. It is assumed that the signal is observed with additive white noise and the signal is uncorrelated with the observation noise. It is a characteristic that the estimators use the covariance information of the signal, in the form of the semi-degenerate kernel, and the observation noise. With respect to the RLS fixed-lag smoother, the algorithm for the estimation error variance function is developed to guarantee the stability of the fixed-lag smoother. The proposed estimators have the recursive property in calculating the fixed-lag smoothing and filtering estimates. Also, this paper proposes the Chandrasekhar-type RLS Wiener filter in linear wide-sense stationary stochastic system. Unlike the usual filter including the Riccati-type equations, the Chandrasekhar-type filter does not contain the Riccati-type differential equations and has an advantage of eliminating the possibility of the covariance matrix becoming nonnegative. Contribution/ Originality
Cloud computing is the revenue gain and most advanced technology that has tremendous advantages over other technologies. It can be used as a utility for executing large size of real-time programs. These programs are decomposed into multiple inter-dependent tasks and executed on the multiple virtual processors where the open research issue is to be minimized make-span of the scheduling tasks. Our research aims to address this issue and degenerate the schedule length approximately equal to the available number of virtual processors. We proposed a real-time workload scheduling algorithm that does very well in reducing the number of initial clusters. The experimental results show that the execution times for various kinds of the DAGs can be reduced as much as possible and improves the performance of the early load scheduling algorithms for distributed cloud environment. Contribution/ Originality
Enugu State, South East Nigeria launched free maternal and child health services in 2007 against the backdrop of high infant and maternal mortality rates in the State. This study determined the experiences and the perceptions of the community and health care providers on the free maternal and child health services. This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in Enugu state Southeast Nigeria. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire survey with 50 healthcare providers at health centers and 150 women of reproductive age were used to elicit information on the awareness, attitude, utilization and factors affecting utilization of MCH services, satisfaction with and willingness to continue use of these services. In addition, service data from the first health center to benefit from free MCH services was collected from 2007 to 2009. Among the women, there was a high level of awareness of the free MCH services. Antenatal (55.3%), maternal tetanus toxoid immunization (47.3%) and childhood immunization (44%) services were the most accessed. Factors likely to affect the intention to use the services were required services not rendered, drugs not available, delayed attention and distance to the health facility. There was a high willingness to continue use of maternal and child health services due to the free services, easy accessibility and availability of drugs. However, a fifth of the respondents paid for the free services. The service data showed an upward increase in utilization between 2007 and 2009. Although the health workers were receptive of the free MCH services, they opined that their workload had increased without any corresponding increase in their remuneration and that patients were making unnecessary visits to the health facilities to demand on drugs. There was a significant increase in MCH services utilization between 2007 and 2009. Conclusion: This study shows that the free MCH services have enhanced utilization of health services. However this has greatly increased the workload of health providers and consumers still pay for services. There is need therefore for provision of adequate personnel and infrastructure to cater for this increase. In the interim there should be better remuneration of health workers to motivate them to continue providing health services despite the workload. There is also need to check the reported over visitation of health centers for drugs created by the free MCH services and mechanisms should be put in place to ensure that the free services are really free. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature regarding the experiences of the community and health care providers towards free maternal and child health services in Enugu State, Nigeria. Medical Sciences » International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research » Month: 09-2015 Issue: 9
A Pilot Study of Methods about Detection of Inter-Molecular Interactions As Individual Units of Intra-Cellular Structures, Intra- And Extra-Cellular Cascade Regulatory Pathways
Different methods for investigation on the mechanisms of participation of cell proteins in direct and/or indirect intra- and extra-cellular inter-molecular (protein-lipid, protein-protein, protein-RNA, protein-DNA interactions, etc.), by cascade regulatory pathways were developed and tested. These bio-molecules (in particular microtubule proteins and cyclins) have been found as parts from different complex structures from the nuclear, cytoskeleton and membrane cell fractions, as mitotic spindle, endocytosis vesicles, cell organelles, membrane structures, which are important for basic cell functions. The techniques, developed in the current study, could be useful for identification of the proteins/peptides, participating in the composition of these structures, but also of the interactions between them, on molecular and intra-molecular levels. For confirmation of the results obtained and the reliability of the applied methods, routine techniques as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assays were used. In all cases, the main goal is directed to search of molecules, participating in the control of cell growth and proliferation, as well as of such, which determine the further cell fate during cell differentiation and maturation. Contribution/ Originality
The current study contributes in the existing literature with confirmation of the inter-molecular interactions for the cell differentiation direction. The current paper underlines the relationship between the changes in three different levels: cell morphology; intra-cellular organelles structure, and bio-molecules, by application of novel detection methods. Biological Sciences » World Journal of Molecular Research » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 1
Feminist Perspective of HIV and AIDS: Cases from the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is behavior disease transmits from one person to another person due to unsafe sexual practices. HIV infected females are more suffered from the social stigma and discrimination. The main objective of this study is to identify the risk of HIV transmission among the women or girls from the feminist perspective. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from the vulnerable groups of Kathmandu valley of Nepal. Total 404 respondents were included from the reproductive age (15-49) groups. Analytical research design used to analyze the data. There was significant association found among the respondents in relation to the polygamy, human trafficking, trust on sex partners, gender based violence, early marriage system and gender inequality as an associated factor with increasing the risk of HIV transmission at .05% significance level. On the global scenario, women are more vulnerable than male for HIV transmission because of their biological as well as socio-cultural characteristic. In Nepal, majority of male are found living with HIV and AIDS than female but female are facing the stigma and discrimination than male because of the patriarchy thought. Basically, socio-cultural practices are supporting the risk practices in Nepal so prevention program should be launched adopting the gendered based approach. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature from the two aspects; one, it will provide the knowledge of feminist perspective of HIV and AIDS, second, it will provide research gap to address the issue of HIV and AIDS from the socio-cultural perspective. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
Assessment of Student Internship Programme By 2013/2014 Final Year Students of the Department of Basic Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
The crucial role of internships in teacher education has made a lot of institutions of higher learning like UEW to adopt internship as an important component of their curricula with the view of providing opportunities to the students to gain theoretical and practical experience for their future careers. This study investigated the perception of 2013/2014 final year students of the Department of Basic Education, UEW, Ghana, on the Student Internship Programme (SIP) they undertook in the first semester of the 2013/2014 academic year. The purposive sampling technique was used to select all 209 students for the study. However, 188 students were used for the study because 21 students did not return their questionnaire. The findings revealed that generally, the students were uncertain as to the kind of support they were given by their partnership schools. However, they generally agreed that they gained adequate instructional skills from their mentors to assist them in the “real world”. Even though the students generally disagreed that they experienced challenges, they specifically indicated their agreement that the one semester SIP was inadequate. There was no significant difference in the views of the students on the instructional skills gained in terms of gender and the type of basic school (public or private) internship was undertaken. Among the suggestions is that adequate orientation should be given to students before they embark on the internship programme. Also, the university should ensure that all headteachers and mentors are regularly trained and oriented for the programme. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the views of final year students of UEW, Ghana, on SIP, especially when the period of internship was reduced from one academic year to one semester in 2012. Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
Strategic Supply Chain Framework as an Effective Approach to Procurement of Public Construction Projects in Nigeria
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability
A lot of abandoned construction projects, and failed projects in the Nigerian construction industry due to the ignorance to adopt and implement modern procurement strategy prompt this research work. A survey was conducted on 38 procurement practitioners at the Federal Ministry of Housing, Land and Urban Development, Major contractors, and Tier suppliers. The result from the survey showed that 78% of respondents confirmed that the current Nigerian public procurement system is less effective towards achieving an improved construction performance and the successful delivering of construction projects. More so, 22% of respondents argued that the Nigerian current procurement system is effective to achieve an improved construction performance if properly practiced in accordance with the Nigerian procurement act (2007). However, 74% of respondents believed that the strategic supply chain framework, as an approach to public procurement in Nigeria, will be more effective towards successful delivering of construction projects, and achieving improved construction performance. Also, the result from the three interviews conducted during this research showed that the reasons for the poor Nigerian current procurement system is attributed to poor pre-tendering and tendering processes, poor supply chain integration and management, Political interference and inference, and the corruption amongst the procurement stakeholders. Contribution/ Originality
This study originates a new approach to procuring public projects in Nigeria which, when adopted, will improve the construction performance of public projects, and encourage socio-economic development through procured public projects. Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 07-2015 Issue: 7
Urban Park Use, Quality Evaluation, and Resident Satisfaction Indicators in the City of Zahedan, Iran
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Geography and Geology
Urban parks have social, economic, and ecological roles, and play important role in improving the quality of life and community development. This study investigates the usage rate of urban parks by residents in the city of Zahedan, Iran, and evaluates the quality of them in terms of furniture and facilities, in this survey study participants are 520 of Zahedani residents divided into two ordinary (n=500) and expert groups (n=20) selected from the population using Cochran's formula. Number of evaluated urban parks was 101 distributed in five regions of the city. A survey questionnaire was designed for collecting data from participants. Results showed that Zahedani residents use urban parks once a week (70%). Also we found out that the quality of urban parks in Zahedan was poor. Our findings revealed that “public toilet facilities”, “green spaces”, “safety”, “accessibility”, “welfare facilities”, “trails”, and “equipments” are most important indicators for evaluating resident satisfaction with public urban parks. Finally, our results reported that there was a significant relationship between residents’ satisfaction level and standard quality of urban parks. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of few studies which have investigated the park use of residents in Zahedan, Iran by conducting a survey, and evaluated the quality of urban parks and satisfaction indicators in this city.
This study builds a model to analyze dynamic interdependence between economic growth, structural change, inequality in income and wealth, habit formation and preference change in a heterogeneous-households economy. The analytical framework is based on the Walrasian general equilibrium theory and the neoclassical growth theory. We show that the motion of the economy is described by a set of nonlinear differential equations. Analytically, we focus on transitional processes as well as economic equilibrium. For illustration, we simulate the motion of the economic system with three groups. We identify the existence of a unique stable equilibrium point and carry out comparative dynamic analysis with regard to some parameters. We show how, for instance, habit formation of a group affects the dynamic paths of all the variables of the economic system. Contribution/ Originality
An original contribution of this paper is the introduction of habit formation and preference change into the integrated Walrasian-general-equilibrium and neoclassical-growth theory recently developed by Zhang. The study examines dynamic relations between economic growth, economic change, and inequality with wealth accumulation and preference change. Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 3
Software engineering is dynamic disciplines that have continuous growth in research in identifying new methods, tools and methodologies that have cause vast improvement in software development and maintenance to be more reliable and efficient. Past research critics on cost reduction, quality and flexibility have endless try to design and develop many ways to improve these sectors are still causing impacts to the software industry [1]. The new trends in software engineering research topics resolves under the research field of Cloud Computing, Big Data, Android Computing, Network Security and Software Engineering Project Management. Nevertheless, there are more other research areas in software engineering that have been intense researched and implemented in the industries. Contribution/ Originality
Plasma Membrane-derived Extracellular Vesicles (PMEVs) are membrane-coated vesicles of diameter 0.1 to 1.5µm, carrying various proteins inherent in their parental cells. PMEVs are released when cells undergo activation/apoptosis via blebbing and shedding and have a function in intercellular communication. Exposition of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet that mark them as a biologically distinct entity could also explain a role for PMEVs in phagocytosis and thrombosis. The purpose of this review is to outline and discuss some of the functions of PMEVs in detail to throw more light on its biological effects as more research delve into emerging therapies targeting the microvesicle communication system. The role of PMEVs as a differentiation agent and therefore its possible use in differentiation therapy is discussed. In some experiments, the myeloid differentiating agents all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and histamine, which inhibit promonocyte proliferation, induced an intracellular Ca2+-mediated PMEV release from HL-60 promonocytes. These PMEVs caused HL-60 cells to enter G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and induce terminal monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation through TGF-β1 mediation. The review also discusses the relationship between PMEVs and diseases where it is known that patients with certain inflammatory diseases show increased PMEV levels in the plasma. The review conclude on the fact that PMEVs have a lot of biological functions that are beneficial to the physiological functions in humans and therefore more work is required to elucidate their composition and the mechanisms involved in exertion of their effects. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by addressing some aspects of extracellular vesicle release as well as their functions. The topic is of general interest and will be beneficial to potential readers who would want to clarify types of plasma extracellular vesicles, their functions or pathological effects. Medical Sciences » Journal of Cells » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
Lactic Acid as Spacer between Poly Acrylic Acid and 4-Aminoantipyrine
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology
Due to many problems associated with drug release and side effects, we could design a novel drug delivery system through modification of poly acrylic acid (AA) with Lactic acid as a spacer between the polymer and 4-aminoantipyrine. In vitro drug release had been conducted successfully in basic medium in pH 7.4 and acidic medium in pH 1.1 at 37?. The prepared prodrug polymer was characterized by FTIR and 1H?NMR spectra. Physical properties and intrinsic viscosity of drug polymer were determined. The good results were obtained in the presence of spacer unit with comparing without spacer unit. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature Synthesized compound from lactic acid as spacer between poly acrylic acid and 4-aminoantipyrine. This study uses new estimation methodology several physical tools .This study originates new formula. Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 6
Spectrum of Morphological Changes and Prevalence of “P53 Signatures” In Tubal Fimbrial Epithelium in General Population and In Patients with Pelvic Serous Carcinomas
Aim: Pelvic serous carcinomas (PSCs) are very aggressive malignancies and present at advanced stage. A paradigm shift in the origin and pathogenesis of PSCs occurred when precursor lesions were found in the Fallopian tube fimbria in the prophylactic bilateral salphingo-ophorectomy (PBSO) specimens from BRCA positive patients. The knowledge of various benign and reactive alterations in the Fallopian tube is mandatory to distinguish these lesions from the true neoplastic changes. The study therefore aims to see the spectrum of morphological changes in the Fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and to know the incidence of the various precursor lesions and p53 signatures in the tubal fimbria. Method: The study included 102 Fallopian tubes from patients undergoing salphingo – oophorectomies for gynaecological indications. The fimbrial end along with one cross section was embedded and examined for stromal and architectural changes, epithelial features and inflammatory infiltrates. IHC for p53 and Ki67 was done to assess the presence of precursor lesions. Results: The mean age of patients’ was 49.9yrs. Family history of breast/ovarian cancer was present in 5 cases. Histopathology showed fibrosis (30%), Walthard nest (36%) , Wolfian duct remnants(14.7%), pigmentosis tubae(1%) , infiltration by metastatic carcinoma(7%),reactive atypia(6%), metaplasia(16%), tufting(46%),lymphocytes (9%) and plasma cells (2%). SCOUTS were seen in 12%, p53 signature and STIC in 6% and 4% respectively. Tuboperitoneal junction was identified in 15 cases and showed transitional metaplasia. Conclusion: The study describes the different morphological changes in the Fallopian tube in our population. The prevalence of cytological and molecular alterations leading to malignancy was low in general population. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that completely sampling the tubal fimbria with one cross section is a good practice to identify early precursor lesions which may otherwise go undetected. Knowledge of reactive /benign cellular proliferations is mandatory to help distinguish them from these precursor lesions. Medical Sciences » Cancers Review » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Share Options, Share Award and Firm’s Performance: Evidence from Malaysian Public Listed Companies
The main intention of this paper is to examine the impact on firm’s performance once the directors are granted with the share options and share award. This study also intends to briefly identify the Shariah compliance impact towards the performance of firms that have granted the share options and share award. Earnings per share (EPS), Operating Cash Flow over Total Assets (OCFTA) and Tobin’s q used to examine seven hypotheses in this paper. The results exhibit share award presented better results in EPS and OCFTA. On the other hand the share options and the share award revealed significant relationship with Tobin’s q when Shariah compliance was included in the regression analysis model. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature on the share-based compensation as an important component in the directors’ compensation package and how it can boost the performance of the firms. Besides, this study contributes in the existing Islamic perspective literature by taking into consideration the implication of Shariah-compliance status. Economics » Financial Risk and Management Reviews » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Cadmium (Ii) Ion Sorption Using Carbonized and Modified Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) Hull of Two Pore Sizes (CMSH 150µm and 250µm)
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research
Aim of this study was to investigate the use of modified and carbonized Sorghum Hull of two different pore sizes (150µm and 250µm) in the removal of Cadmium (II) ion from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100) minutes were investigated, reported and analysed accordingly. The maximum adsorption for 150µm and 250µm were at 80th and 40th minutes, respectively (54.895mg/l and 58.874mg/l). Kinetic modeling of the results of Cadmium (II) ion of both pore sizes were also investigated, reported and analysed. These results showed that Pseudo second order kinetic model best described the sorption process. The Mechanism of sorption showed that CMSH 150µm and 250µm, respectively were particle diffusion controlled. This will serve as parameters to consider in the design of treatment plants for heavy metal detoxification using biosorbents of different pore sizes. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated on Sorghum Hull and its use in the adsorption of Cadmium (II) ion from aqueous solution (synthetic wastewater). It documents the kinetics and mechanism of adsorption process; design pattern for wastewater treatment plant construction using a novel adsorbent. Engineering » International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research » Month: 04-2015 Issue: 4
Abstract