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It is inconceivable that any child will succeed in life without an education. But in the 21st century the question remains, just what kind of education are African Americans getting in today’s schools? Research indicates that some African American students are succeeding while, unfortunately, many are failing along the way. It is as though the educational system is more suited for the dominant culture than for African Americans. This manuscript provides reflections of the American educational system and offers recommendations, via the concept REACH, for making it more appropriate for the needs of African Americans. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to existing literature by delineating a unique strategy which enables African American students to experience greater success in school. It builds on some of the best practices in education to form a REACH concept. Evidence suggests that if schools are appropriately structured for students, they will learn. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 02-2015 Issue: 2
Regulatory Roles of the National Universities Commission and the Quality of Nigerian University Education
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice
The Regulatory Roles of the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the quality of Nigerian University Education was investigated in this study. The study employed a descriptive survey design research. The population consisted of public Nigerian universities. Samples were made up of 1,500 subjects, consisting of 200 students each, randomly selected from six public universities in South-West Nigeria and 50 staff members (teaching and non-teaching) from each of the six universities selected. The findings of the study established a moderate level of NUC performance of its regulatory roles, a corresponding moderate level of quality of Nigerian university education, and a significant relationship between NUC performance of its regulatory roles and the quality of Nigerian university education. Based on the findings of the study, conclusions were drawn and it was recommended that the government should encourage the National Universities Commission to put up optimal performance and an acceptable credibility to demand compliance from Nigerian universities. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that the quality of Nigerian university education is not poor as perceived by most stakeholders in education, and that there existed a significant relationship between the performances of the regulatory agency and quality of university education. It complements the literature in the area investigated. Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 02-2015 Issue: 2
Contribution of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices for Sustainable Crop Productivity, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status in Maize Based Cropping Systems
Over applications of inorganic fertilizers lead nutrient imbalances, inefficiency and environmental contamination while insufficient application of nutrients causes soil fertility depletion. This problem drives the use of organic manures, which supply balanced micro and macro nutrients to the current crop and also leave a substantial residual effect on the succeeding crops in different cropping systems. But it is required in bulk as it contains nutrients in small proportion. Hence its availability is scarce for large farms. Therefore, to eliminate both excessive and inadequate applications, judicious use of integrated nutrient management is best alternative for sustainable crop productivity while maintaining soil fertility status in maize and other cereal based cropping systems. Such integrated applications have complementary and synergistic effects. Various research results have confirmed that INM improves sustainable crop productivity and soil fertility status rather than organic or mineral fertilizers alone. Most of research findings reviewed in this paper indicated that among the alternative integrated nutrient management combinations, application of chemical fertilizers integrated with organic manures in equal proportion significantly improved sustainable crop productivity, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status in maize based cropping systems. In general, combined application of inorganic fertilizers with different sources of organic manures in different proportions has significant role to boost crop productivity, improve nutrient uptake by plants and maintain soil nutrient status in maize based cropping systems. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature to give recent information on the importance of judicious use of integrated nutrient management that improve sustainable productivity of maize based cropping system using nutrients efficiently and ecologically friendly while keeping the soil healthy in the long run. Medical Sciences » Journal of Nutrients » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Vitamin D Supplementation Practices in Pregnancy and During Infancy and Other Behaviors Related To Vitamin D Status among a Sample of Muslim Women in Ireland and Saudi Arabia
Objectives (background): Requirement for Vitamin D is high at particular stages of the lifecycle especially during pregnancy and infancy. Severe vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may increase the risk of rickets in childhood. While policies exist in Ireland regarding supplementation of Vitamin D in either pregnancy or infancy, no policy recommendation exists in Saudi Arabia. The main aim of this study was to identify attitudes towards Vitamin D supplementation as well as its prevalence in pregnancy and infancy among Muslim mothers living in Ireland and in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey consisting of 121 Muslim mothers living in Saudi Arabia and 77 Muslim women living in Ireland. Recruitment of mothers took place in three hospitals in Makkah (Saudi Arabia Al-Noor Hospital, Hera’a Hospital and Maternity and Children’s Hospital) and a religious Centre in Ireland between June and September 2012. Results: Only 28.6% of the Irish and 7.4% of the Saudi mothers had taken vitamin D supplements during their pregnancy. While 62.3% of the Muslim mothers in Ireland and 37.2% in Saudi Arabia were aware of the recommendation to give a daily vitamin D supplements to their infants until they were one year of age just 49.4% living in Ireland and 13.2% from Saudi Arabia did so. While a majority of mothers living in Ireland and Saudi Arabia were spending > 30 minutes a day outside, clothing that completely cover the body was worn by the entire sample, sunscreen was used by 44.2% in Ireland and 53.7% in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: Poor vitamin D supplementation practices are evident among Muslim mothers and infants both in Ireland and Saudi Arabia. To improve this situation, mothers should be educated about the importance of vitamin D during pregnancy and infancy. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the supplementation practices of vitamin D during pregnancy and infancy among Muslim women in two countries with differing guidelines regarding Vitamin D supplementation as well as different latitudes, climatic conditions and cultures. This study is unique in this respect. Medical Sciences » Journal of Nutrients » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Training Effects of Plyometric Training on Jump Parameters in D- And D/C-Squad Badminton Players
Plyometric training is popular among individuals involved in dynamic sports, and plyometric exercises such as jumping, hopping, skipping and bounding are executed with the goal of increasing dynamic muscular performance, especially jumping. Much less information is available on the effectiveness of plyometric training (PT) in badminton, where jumping high (e.g. forehand overhead jump-smash) is important for success. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week periodized PT program on jumping high and power among male and female junior badminton players, using high-impact bilateral plyometric exercises. Starting and finishing with the biomechanical diagnostics of the squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), and drop jump (DJ) on force plates, kinematic analysis of forehand overhead smashes, anthropometric data as well as force data for pre- and posttest were analyzed. Before and after the biomechanical diagnostics, the players (n=11) undergo an 8-week PT (2 units per week) with a total of 2286 jumps. 8 male and 3 female junior badminton players (age: 16.0±1.6 years, height: 175.5±9.9 cm, mass: 69.3±11.4 kg) were tested in jumping high and forehand overhead jump-smashes performance. Looking at the plyometric strength parameters of the squat jump (P<0.05; dz=0.8) and the floor reaction-time of the drop jump (P<0.05; dz=1.1), the positive effect of the 8-week PT in junior badminton players is significant. Consequently, this form of training is essential for the development of junior and top-level badminton players. Moreover, the study has shown that the contact of the overhead smash cannot be increased by improving plyometric strength training (P>0.05). Therefore, the focus must be on technical training. Consequently, it is considered to be important to include short-term PT in in-season preparation in order to improve complex badminton-specific dynamic performance (smash-jumping). Contribution/ Originality
The paper´s primary contribution is finding that an 8-week plyometric training in junior badminton players can significantly improve different parameters in jumping high but the plyometric training has no direct influence of the overhead smash. Therefore, the focus must be on technical training. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2
The Effects of Carbohydrate and Caffeine Mouth Rinsing on Arm Crank Time-Trial Performance
This study aimed to determine whether carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAFF) mouth rinsing would improve 30 minute arm cranking time-trial performance. Twelve male participants (age 21.54 ± 1.28 years, height 179.46 ± 7.38 cm and mass 73.69 ± 5.40 kg) took part in the current investigation. Participants came to the laboratory on 3 occasions during which they performed 30 minute self-paced arm crank time trials. On one occasion water was given as a mouth rinse for 5 s (PLA), on another occasion a 6.4% CHO solution was given for 5 s and finally a 0.032% CAFF solution was given for 5s. Key measurements of distance covered, heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), cadence and power output were recorded throughout all trials. Distance covered during the CAFF (15.43 ± 3.27 km) and CHO (15.30 ± 3.31) mouth rinse trials were significantly (p<0.05) greater in comparison to PLA (13.15 ± 3.36 km). Cadence and power output and velocity were also significantly greater during the CAFF and CHO trials compared to PLA and CHO (p<0.05). No significant (P>0.05) differences between trials were observed for HR and RPE. CAFF and CHO mouth rinse serve to improve 30 minute arm cranking performance by mediating increasing cadence and power output without a concurrent increase in RPE and HR. Contribution/ Originality This study contributes in the existing literature as the first investigation to comparatively examine the influence of both carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on upper body time trial performance. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2
The Study of Life Style and Demographic Characteristics of Iranian Elderly
Successful aging is largely determined by individual lifestyle choices. The purpose of this study was to determine the Status of Lifestyle in elderly population of Qazvin city. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the life style among 183 elderly selected randomly in health clinic. Lifestyle elderly questionnaire in five domains including lifestyle, prevention, exercise, nutrition, stress and relationships was used. Pearson, ANOVA and independent T-tests were applied at significance level of 0.05. The results suggested that life style has a positive correlation with prevention, exercise, nutrition, relationship On the other hand, there was a negative significant correlation between stress and life style, prevention, exercise and the positive relationship were found between exercise and relationships, nutrition. Due to growing elderly population and the importance of healthy lifestyle, it’s recommended that appropriate strategies be implemented for improving healthy lifestyle in elderly population. Consequently, Older adults adopting more healthy lifestyles are more likely to maintain active life style. Contribution/ Originality
The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between reaction time and deception type and investigate the effect of deception type on reaction time during smash in Badminton. Sex Badminton players are high level athletes in the world participated in the last Olympic championship "London 2012", (mass 69.17±6.31 kg, length 178.00±0.06 cm. Reaction time is defined as the period of time that elapses between offensive player stroke the shuttle and opponent player move to shuttle direction. Smashes were analyzed of the last six matches in Olympic championship London 2012, two matches in Quarter-finals, two matches of Semi-finals, Bronze Medal Match and Gold Medal Match. Dartfish v.7 software motion analysis used to analysis 230 smashes and for the statistical analysis of the data the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used. The complex deception is more difficult types of deception for the opponents as the player use more than a tool during the striking and then the degree of difficulty followed by arm deception, while the performance of the smashes without deception gives a greater opportunity for an opponent to anticipate the strike and then stopped, and this means that the increase the degree of difficulty of deception increased the time of reaction necessary to repel the strike, thereby increasing the opportunity to make the point, therefore must specify a part in the content of the training programs for the smashes combined with different types of deception. Contribution/ Originality
This study uses new estimation methodology to determine the reaction time for different deception types during smash in badminton. This methodology depended to use motion analysis software to determine the reaction time during a real situation in the match. These data may be important for badminton’s coaches to smash performance training. Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 3
Acute Renal Failure, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Changes in Three Cases with Ileostomy
Ileostomy is a standard surgical procedure performed in order to protect the anastomosis and reduce the complication risk in colorectal surgery. Dehydration is one of the most important complications of ileostomy and dehydration-induced renal failure. We present three ileostomy cases that had undergone bowel resection for small bowel perforation, two of which due to mesenteric ischemia, and the other one due to a gunshot injury, all three developing acute renal failure. As ileostomy patients carry the risk of life-threatening renal failure and electrolyte and acid-base changes due to dehydration, clinicians should follow-up these patients closely considering the possible complications of ileostomy. Contribution/ Originality
Climate change has manifested to largely affect the most vulnerable areas in developing countries. Semi-Arid areas are among the most vulnerable. To lessen the impact, different areas are trying to adapt to the changing climate. The adaptation is, however, relative to specific areas’ social-economic and physical set up. It is against this fact that semi-arid areas also have their own technologies and strategies to adapt to climate change. Therefore, the study was carried out at Chololo village in Dodoma Municipality, which is a semi-arid area, to analyze Climate Change Adaptation Technologies in Semi-Arid Areas. A total of 110 respondents were interviewed. Majority of the households (92.5%) were reported to depend on agriculture as the main stay of their economy. The major findings of the study revealed that adaptation to climate change is more on the use of natural resources and livelihood at large. Therefore, there are adaptation strategies in Agriculture, Energy, Water, Livestock and Economic technologies. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents adaptation mechanisms employed by people living in semi arid areas against climate change impacts on their livelihoods. Communities in semi arid Tanzania and particularly in Dodoma are agro-pastoral and therefore highly vulnerable to climate change impacts as their livelihood depends solely on nature. Economics » Journal of Challenges » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
Equity Implications of the Universal Primary Education Funding Mechanisms in Uganda
The study sought to establish whether or not the way Universal Primary Education (UPE) is funded in Uganda is equitable among the different socioeconomic groups, gender, religions and disability. This was based on the view that if the expenditure on education is to benefit the entire society, it must be equitably distributed. Furthermore, specific groups have special requirements that need specific attention. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and was majorly qualitative. Key stakeholders interviewed included officials at the Ministry of Education and Sports headquarters, District Education Officials, head teachers, teachers, parents, pupils, and opinion leaders in ten (10) districts in Uganda. The study findings revealed that although some elements of equity were evident, there were no deliberate efforts by the financiers of the UPE program to ensure equity. The study also revealed measures like increased funding, sensitization of key stakeholders, linkages between sectors and needs assessment for appropriate intervention in order to ensure equity in funding. The study recommended that the Government of Uganda and other stakeholders must put in place deliberate provisions to ensure equitable funding of the UPE program.NB: The national currency in Uganda is the Uganda Shilling (Shs.) and the exchange rate at the time of conducting the study was 1US$ = 2,650 Shs. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is the finding that although Universal Primary Education in Uganda is public funded it is not equitably distributed among identified groups like the male versus females, the rich and the poor, various religious groups; and funding bodies have not taken deliberate steps to ensure equity. Business & Management » Review of Knowledge Economy » Month: 06-2015 Issue: 2
Process Parametrs Affecting the Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis and Electrolyser Characteristic
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research
The hydrogen production by solar electrolysis depends on the distance between the electrode and the test tube. In fact, the height (h = 3cm) was the best taken as a parameter while relying on the rate of production as a measure of effectiveness. Raising the temperature increases the input electrolyzer voltage, which results in a temperature rise electrolyte to a value of 8.2V at 100 °C. Sunshine is strongly influenced the hydrogen production where changes from one site to another. The effects of the salinity degrees is investigated, which displayed a decrease of the hydrogen flow for the salt masses included between 50 and 130 g/l. Additionally, the current density was higher in acid-base environment, and lower in neutral for pH values around 6.4 and 8.4. Moreover, the hydrogen flow was higher for the electrolyte based margin. Contribution/ Originality
This study documents summarizes the influence of key process parameters on electrolysis hydrogen production. The obtained information can also be used to design and operate the step processes for electrolysis production only. As result, hydrogen yields obtained in this study are improved. Additionally, this paper provides an insight to these parameters in regards to minimize the energy loss of the water electrolysis process. Engineering » International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research » Month: 01-2015 Issue: 1
Hot Water Enhanced Germination of Leucaena Leucocephala Seeds in Light and Dark Conditions
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: Current Research in Agricultural Sciences
Leucaena leucocephala has a great potential in crop and livestock production. However, the plant is difficult to propagate from both seeds and stem cuttings Scarification treatment has the prospective of enhancing seed germination. Chemicals and water have been used for seed scarification. This study evaluated the effectiveness of hot and boiling water in enhancing the germination of Leucaena leucocephala seed. Information on the condition (light or dark) at which Leucaeana seeds germinate better is also provided. The seeds were immersed in hot water and boiling water for 1, 2, 3, and 4 minutes respectively. At twenty-one days after the set-up of the experiment, untreated L. leucocephala seeds had 0 % and 13.3 % germinations under light and dark conditions respectively.; seeds immersed in boiling water for 1- 4 minutes did not germinate irrespective of the condition of germination while all the seeds immersed in hot water for one to three minutes had total (100%) germination; delaying the period of immersing the seeds in hot water to four minutes resulted in significantly less percentage germination than the aforementioned ones immersed in hot water for one to three minutes but had significantly greater germination than the untreated seeds. Dark and light conditions resulted in similar percentage seed germination outcome. Immersing Leucaena leucocephala seeds for one minute is recommended. Planting seeds in dark condition is recommended since continuous light provided no additional germination outcome, in spite of the additional cost of providing continuous light in the growth of seeds under light condition. Contribution/ Originality
The life insurance industry in India is and has been growing at a rapid rate since opening up of the sector in 2000. The size of the country, an assorted set of people pooled with problems of connectivity in rural areas, makes insurance selling in India a very difficult task. Life insurance companies require vast circulation strength and incredible human resource to come out to such a huge customer base. This delivery will undergo a sea transformation as various insurance companies are trying to bring insurance products into the lives of the common man by making them available at the most critical financial point, the local bank branch, through Bancassurance. Simply put, bancassurance is the method through which insurance products are sold to customers at their local banks. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature by looking at insurance product when get sold at critical financial point i.e bank. It highlights the potential growth of bancassurance in India with vast population and only small percent market of insurance is tapped so far. This paper will find the motivation of banks to sell insurance products through their own channels. Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4
Awareness and Perception of Muslim Consumers on Halal Cosmetics and Personal Care Products
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management
Muslim populations increasing throughout the world, the awareness on consuming Halal also goes in the same parallel trend. Halal now extends to other areas other than food, such as cosmetics, personal care products, toiletries, fragrance, and skincare products. Malaysia has developed Malaysian Standard MS 2200: Part 1: 2008 as guidelines for Halal cosmetics and personal care industry. Thus, this research paper aims to identify the factors that influence the awareness and perception of Muslim consumers on Halal cosmetics and personal care products. The research also aims to confirm whether the identified variables are significant to the awareness and perception of Muslim consumers on Halal cosmetics and personal care products. The sample of the research consisted of 236 government servants in the state of Selangor. The data are collected through questionnaire and analysed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis such as correlation and multiple regression analysis. The result of the study revealed that the three factors; Advertising (X1), Knowledge (X2) and Attitude (X3) which all are significant. Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the awareness and perception of Muslim consumers on Halal cosmetics and personal care products. A lot of studies have been done on Halal food and its related industries including Islamic finances, but less on non-food. Halal cosmetics and personal care products are currently in attention and demand from the consumers and producers as well. Thus, this study intends to investigate the factors that influence the awareness and perception of Muslim consumer on Halal cosmetics and personal care products. Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 01-2015 Issue: 1
Single Crystal Growth of Coumarin Dyes and Study of Their Electrical Conductivity
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research
Three coumarin derivatives i.e., 7-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (umbelliferone) 3a, 4-methyl umbelliferone (C-4), 3b and 7-amino-4-methyl-benzopyran-2-one (C-120), 3c were synthesised by both conventional and microwave assisted synthetic methods and characterized. The pure compounds were initially grown into seeds (minute crystals having potential to grow into large crystals) and developed into single crystals using solution growth technique in a cryostat under careful monitoring. The desired single crystals were isolated and studied for their electrical conductivity properties by two terminal method. The results are promising and these pure organic compounds (coumarins) can act as promising semi-conductors. Contribution/ Originality
The objective of this study was to compare the reading speed of Malay language unrelated words reading chart named the Universiti Teknologi MARA unrelated words (UiTM-Muw) reading chart with Colenbrander reading chart and MNRead acuity chart. The participants were asked to read three different reading charts at random order, aloud and as quickly as possible. The time taken to read each chart was recorded and any error made while reading was noted. Reading speed was quantified as correct words read in a minute (cwpm). Comparison of reading speed showed a significant difference in reading speed between UiTM-Muw reading chart and Colenbrander reading chart [t(98)=-16.79, p=0.001] as well as MNread acuity chart [t(98)=-18.72, p=0.001]. However, weak agreement was found between reading speed of UiTM-Muw reading chart with MNRead acuity chart (mean difference = -83.6 cwpm) and Colenbrander reading chart (mean difference = -81.9 cwpm). Hence, UiTM-Muw reading chart in Malay language was incomparable with standardized English reading chart. Contribution/ Originality
Background: This study is one of very few studies which have investigated HER-2/neu expression and its correlation with histopathological finding. A total of 328 breast cancer tissue samples had been analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques. Objective: To compare the expression of tumor markers (HER-2/neu) with other prognostic parameters for mammary carcinomas. Results: Stage I- III B breast cancer HER-2/neu negative are (62%), whereas positive are (22%). Stage IV breast cancer HER-/neu negative are (4%), whereas positive are (3%). Recurrent breast cancer HER-2/neu negative are (3%) while positive are (5%).Stage I breast cancer HER-2/neu negative are (10%), whereas positive are (1%). Referring to stage II A, II B breast cancer HER-/neu negative are (59%), whereas positive are (16%). Stage III A, III B breast cancer HER-2/neu negative are (10%), while positive are (4%). HER-2/neu negative breast cancer Tumor size [le] 2 cm are (11%), while positive are (2%). HER-2/neu negative breast cancer Tumor size2-5 cm are (23%), whereas positive are (9%).HER-2/neu negative, Tumor size >5 cm are (26%), while positive are (29%). HER-2/neu negative breast cancer Nodal metastasis 0 are (5%), while positive are (2%). HER-2/neu negative Nodal metastasis1-9 are (16%), whereas positive are (19%). HER-2/neu negative breast cancer Nodal metastasis [ge] 10 are (28%), while positive are (30%). HER-2/neu negative histological subtype NIDC are (2%), whereas positive are (1%). HER-2/neu negative histological subtype IDC are (67%), while positive are (25%). HER-2/neu negative histological subtype ILC are (1%), whereas positive are (1%). Lastly, HER-2/neu negative with others histological subtype are (3%), whereas positive are (0%). HER-2/neu negative histological grade I are (6%), whereas positive are (2%). HER-2/neu negative histological grade II are (21%), while positive are (7%). Lastly, HER-2/neu negative histological grade II are (40%), whereas positive are (24%). HER-2/neu negative lympho-vascular invasion- are (71%), positive are (29%). HER-2/neu negative with lympho positive or vascular positive are (80%), While among positive are (16%). Conclusion: In this study population, the HER-2/neu expression its relation with histopathological finding determined. Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature in Radiation Isotopes Centre Khartoum (RICK) among Sudanese female breast cancer patients. This study uses new estimation methodology of immunohistochemical techniques to understand HER-2/neu expression and its correlation with histopathological finding. Medical Sciences » International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research » Month: 04-2015 Issue: 4
Radiographic Assessment of Alveolar Bone Crest Levels in 9-12 Year Old Children in Davangere, India
Research Article
Author(s):
Journal: International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research
Background: Recent studies have indicated that aggressive periodontitis in the permanent dentition of adolescents often is preceded by bone loss in the primary and mixed dentition. Hence it is necessary to detect and treat these patients for preventing the transition of the disease from primary to permanent dentition. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to radiographically determine the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar bone crest (ABC) distance in the interproximal areas of permanent molars and central incisors during the mixed dentition period. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross sectional study spanned over a period of one year. Panoramic radiographs were taken for 410 children residing in Davangere, Karnataka aged between 9-12 years. CEJ-ABC distance was measured at the mesial and distal surfaces of permanent first molars and permanent central incisors. Statistical analysis: Independent t-test was applied to compare CEJ–ABC distances measured in males and females, in the two age groups, the maxillary permanent central incisors and maxillary permanent first molars, the maxillary permanent first molars and mandibular permanent first molars. Results: The CEJ-ABC distance was less than 2mm in more than 95% of the sites. In some of the sites the distance when it was more than 2mm could be suggestive of normal physiology during mixed dentition period. Conclusion: The radiographic distance between CEJ-ABC if more than 2mm could be physiologic and hence requires to be deciphered by clinical evaluation. Contribution/ Originality
The aquaculture industry has made a great contribution towards economic development of Malaysia. However, the large volume of water consumption and the wastewater discharged into the water source caused a significant environmental problem that must be controlled properly. For instance, aquaculture waste may decrease dissolved oxygen level and load high nutrient and inorganic contaminants which subsequently would cause water deterioration. Thus, to ensure the effectiveness of aquaculture practices, the suitable wastewater management approach should be acquainted. Phytoremediation, which are the application of plant-based technologies, are beginning to be accepted to examine the problems and provide sustainable solutions for this issue. Therefore, this research aims to explore ecological approach by developing phytoremediation model system in order to remediate inorganic pollutants produced by aquaculture pond. In this paper, the efficiency of potential aquatic plants which are Glossostigma elatinoides and Hemianthus callitrichoides to sequester cadmium and copper were investigated. To achieve this, phytoremediation model system was developed using two selected species for three different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). This model system was run over three different periods of time, which are week 1, week 2, and week 3. The findings of this research suggested that the capability to sequester different concentration of heavy metals for certain periods of time were varied between different species. The results indicated that Glossostigma elatinoides was a good phytoremediator for Cd whereas Hemianthus callitrichoides was a good phytoremediator for Cu. The expected outcome of this research is to introduce cost- effective and eco-friendly technology to cater environmental pollution. Hence, having the thorough study on the effectiveness of this technology might contribute towards sustainable aquaculture practices in terms of ecological, economical, and social benefits. Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that the capability of plant to sequester various concentrations of heavy metals for certain periods of time was varied between different species. Thus, having the thorough study on the effectiveness of phytoremediation might contribute towards sustainable aquaculture practices in terms of ecological, economical, and social benefits. Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 03-2015 Issue: 1
Abstract