Socio-demographic factors of mothers are recognized as an important indicator of nutritional status in children under five years old. The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between socio-demographic factors and nutritional status in children under five years old in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. A cross-sectional research design was employed in this study. Of 327 mothers who had children under five years old participated in this study. Data were collected by a self-report questionnaire to assess socio-demographic of mothers. Anthropometric measurement was used to examine the nutritional status of children under five years old. The nutritional status of children was used WHO Anthro software v3.2.2 which was based on weight for age (WAZ). Regarding to the criteria of WHO, children who have Z-score < -2 or below are under nutrition and children who have Z-score -2 or above are adequate nutrition. Descriptive statistics and Chi square were used to analyse the data in this study. The results showed that there were statistically significant correlated between maternal socio-demographic factors and nutritional status in children under five years old including maternal education levels (² = 19.26, p< 0.001), maternal marital status (² = 15.12, p< 0.001) and maternal age (² = 12.70, p< 0.001). However, there were no significant relationships between maternal employment, parent income, number of children and nutritional status in children under five years old in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Therefore, the findings in this study confirm that maternal age, maternal education level, and maternal marital status are important factors for the nutritional status of children under five years old.
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