Nik Nurul-Hidayah Nik Yahya, Shamzani Affendy Mohd Din, Rashidi Othman
Nik Nurul-Hidayah Nik Yahya 1 Shamzani Affendy Mohd Din 2 Rashidi Othman 3
PhD Candidate, Kulliyyah of Architecture & Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia. P.O.Box 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1
Asst. Prof. Dr. Shamzani Affendy Mohd Din, Department of Applied Arts & Design Kulliyyah of Architecture & Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia. P.O.Box 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rashidi Othman, Department of Landscape Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture & Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia. P.O.Box 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3
Museums with multi-artefacts, multi-stationaries and multi-combustions sources of airborne particles are of major concern in today’s global discussions. The depositions of Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn at eleven sampling points at two museums in the urban area of Kuala Lumpur are presented in this research. The respirable and inhalable dusts were denoted by cyclone and seven hole sampler head data, respectively. The metal content test by using the ICP-MS was done to determine the amount of metal concentration. The result shows that the different types of dusts collected from the different sampling head had no effect to the concentration of the heavy metals. It can be seen that the different types of sampling head was significant for outdoor heavy metals concentrations but the indoor results indicate that no significant between these two. From the ANOVA analysis, it can be seen that both results indicate that iron, zinc and the other elements are significant. Both museums shows that the metal content in showcase were found higher than inside the Gallery ambient. The contrast value of respirable exceeding inhalable dusts between showcase in NTM than both showcase in NM are 33.10 per cent higher. In addition, results also suggested that both indoor ambient of museums are dominated by Fe , Zn and Ni. Metal content indoor were found higher than outdoor of the museum except for the case of inhalable dust. The mean ranges of respirable dust found in museums are between 0.039 and 62.325 mg m-3. Higher ranges are found average in inhalable dust at 0.044 and 66.729 mg m-3. Thus, sum up to an overall average for all metal concentrations at 31.182 and 33.386 mg m-3, for respirable and inhalable dust, accordingly. The dominant metals for all sampling locations in museums are Fe>Zn. The highest is iron for both inhalable dust and respirable dust at 103.647 and 110.897 mg m-3, correspondingly. The amount of respirable to inhalable dust are exceed at 3.41 per cent. Hence, it can be concluded that the atmospheric environment of Malaysian museum are safe for both visitors and workers. Major discovery of this study is that opening in a built environment provides better air circulation and let the respirable dust pass through the natural and air-conditioning process that being fixed above the entrance of museums. Thus, suggesting that the metals concentration in respirable dust found in the museums are mostly originated from the artefacts and indoor old building materials itself, and minimal outdoor airborne particles enters into the buildings. Hence, suggesting outdoor particles disseminated higher risk than the indoor particles.
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