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Listing 4 - 20 of 2617 results.

Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor in the Treatment of Dairy Waste Water

Research Article
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Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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Abstract
Dairy industries have shown tremendous growth in size and number in most countries of the world. These industries discharge wastewater which is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, nutrients, and organic and inorganic contents. Such wastewaters, if discharged without proper treatment, severely pollute receiving water bodies. For treatment of dairy waste water, several physical, chemical and biological methods are available. However, dairy waste responds best to the biological processes the heavily aerated effluent is brought in contact with microorganisms, which oxidize its organic matter to carbon dioxide and water. In anaerobic processes, the microorganisms convert organic matter to biogas and cell biomass. To start with a digester was inoculated with 10%of volume of the reactor and the remaining space was filled with dairy waste water with an organic loading rate of 2.5g/l/day, 3.0g/l/day and 3.5g/l/day and was acclimatized for the development of microbial population and 10% of the reactor was left for gas collection.
Contribution/ Originality


Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 05-2013 Issue: 5

Antimicrobial Activity of Orange Oil on Selected Pathogens

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Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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The antimicrobial activity of orange oil extracted by steam distillation from peels of orange fruits (Citrus sinensis) was screened against some medically important microorganisms. Gram-positive bacteria (Staphyloccocus aureus 001, S. aureus ATCC 25923, Enteroccocus feacalis 002, E. feacalis ATCC 295212); Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa 003, Escherichia. Coli 004, E. coli ATCC 29522) and fungi (Candida albicans 010, C. albicans ATCC 90028) were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of orange oil was estimated using disc diffusion method at concentrations ranging from (1.65-422 mg/ml). Orange oil exhibited inhibitory effects against all the organisms. The MICs observed for the isolates were: S. aureus 001 (1.65 mg/ml), S. aureus ATCC 25923 (0.69 mg/ml), Enterococcus feacalis 002 (0.09 mg/ml), E. feacalis ATCC 295212 (0.05 mg/ml), P. aeruginosa 003 (1.85 mg/ml), E. coli 004 (1.37 mg/ml), E. coli ATCC 29522 (0.82 mg/ml), C. albicans 010 (0.02 mg/ml), C. albicans ATCC 90028 (0.01 mg/ml). The GC-MS revealed that orange oil contained  mainly cyclohexane, 1-methylene-4-(1-methylethenyl; bicyclo [4.1.0] hept-2-ene, 3,7,7-trimethyl; D-limonene; 1, 6-octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethy-l,2-aminobenzoate; 3-cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl); 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl); 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol; 3- furanacetic acid, 4-hexyl-2, 5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo; naphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6, 8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl- 1-(1-methylethyl) -, (1S-cis) and n-hexadecanoic acid. The result indicated that orange oils have antimicrobial properties and may be applied in local therapies in the treatment of diseases caused by the microorganisms tested.  Further research is needed to achieve appropriate formulation.
Contribution/ Originality


Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 06-2013 Issue: 6

The Prevalence of Alcaligenes Faecalis in Bacteremia, Meningitis and Wound Sepsis in a Tertiary Health Care Institution in Western Part of Nigeria

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Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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The objective of this study is to determine the rate of recovery of Alcaligenes faecalis from clinical specimens of blood, cerebrospinal fluid and wound swabs and the antibiogram in a tertiary healthcare institution. The design was prospective and cross-sectional. The subjects for the study were patients seen at the various facilities in the hospital. There were two thousand and eight hundred patients made up of 1025 (36.6%) adult males; 1475 (52.7%) adult females while 300(10.7%) were children. Specimens of wound, blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid were collected from the various facilities in the hospital for microscopy, culture and sensitivity. Isolates were identified by morphological characteristics and biochemical tests using the protocol of Cowan and Steel. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by the disc diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer. 1577 wound samples yielded 165(5.99%) Alcaligenes organisms.933 blood samples yielded 6(0.21%) Alcaligenes organism while 290 cerebrospinal fluid samples yielded 4(0.14%) Alcaligenes faecalis and they had varied susceptibility to the various antimicrobials. Despite the very low percentage of Alkaligenes faecalis in the study its ability to produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes makes it a potential pathogen. Measures were advanced for the control of the organism.
Contribution/ Originality


Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 07-2013 Issue: 7

Growth Analysis of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L) Varieties under Varying Salinity and Irrigation Frequency

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Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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Abstract
Growth of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties was assessed under saline conditions (EC 0, 5, 10, 15 dS m-1) and irrigated when the leaf water potential reached -1(control),-1.5 and -2 MPa. The forage sorghum varieties namely Speedfeed and KFS4 were differed significantly for emergence, leaf area index, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Plants grown under water stress and saline conditions resulted in decreased leaf area which subsequently led to reduced plant growth. Infrequently watered sorghum plants had reduced dry mater, LAI, NAR and eventually dry matter yield. These reductions were higher when lower irrigation frequency was coupled with salinity.  The highly significant declined was mostly at -2 MPa irrigation frequency. This indicates that irrigation at 2 weeks interval or till leaf water potential reaches to -1.5 MPa, is possible for forage sorghum.
Contribution/ Originality


Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 07-2013 Issue: 7

Influence of Potassium and Boron on Some Traits in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum Cv. Darab2)

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Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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The boron element is unique among the essential elements in that a narrow range in concentration can mean the difference between plant deficiency and plant toxicity. Effect of potassium on boron toxicity reduction in wheat was evaluated at Agriculture Research Station located in Jahrom, Iran, during 2009. An experiment was conducted in a factorial experiment based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in three replications. The treatments were four levels of B (0, 20, 40 and 60 mg) and four levels of K (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg). The studied traits were number of spikes plant -1, number of kernels spike-1, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, harvest index and seed yield. The results demonstrated that all of traits except biological yield were increased when K element was applied. On the other hand, all of traits were decreased when B levels were increased. It seems to be that soils containing higher boron concentration were considered to probably cause B toxicity. B1 × K4 and B4 × K1 interaction effects had the highest and lowest seed yield (8.92 and 1.15 ton ha-1, respectively), indicating that K promotes photosynthesis and transport assimilates of carbohydrates to the storages organs. In this research, 1000 seed weight had the highest correlation with seed yield.
Contribution/ Originality


Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 08-2013 Issue: 8

In Vitro Susceptibility of 57 Isolates of Plasmodium Falciparum to Atovaquone And Lumefantrine in Abidjan

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Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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To evaluate the in vitro chemosensitivityof Plasmodium  falciparum isolates to lumefantrine (LUM) and atovaquone (ATO).  The measurement of the in vitro activity of the two antimalaria molecules was conducted according to the microtest optical variant of the WHO. Out of 64 Plasmodium falciparum isolates tested, 57 (89%) gave interpretable results of in vitro culture. It was found that 67% of them were susceptible to LUM against 33% who were resisting. All were sensitive to ATO. The presence of Plasmodium falciparum isolates resistant to LUM could compromise the effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine recommended in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Côte d’Ivoire. While the combination atovaquone / proguanil is a suitable regimen for malaria prophylaxis.
Contribution/ Originality


Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 09-2013 Issue: 9

Nutrient Concentration of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L) Varieties Under Influenced Of Salinity and Irrigation Frequency

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Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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The responses of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] varieties to salinity and irrigation frequency were studied from December 2008 to December 2009 at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Two salt tolerant varieties of forage sorghum, namely Speedfeed and KFS4, were grown under salinity levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 dS m-1 and irrigated when the leaf water potential reached -1(control),-1.5 and -2 MPa. Salinity and irrigation frequency significantly (P?0.01) affected nutrient concentration of forage sorghum varieties tested. The factorial treatment combinations were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications.Sodium content decreased 7 and 17% among the irrigation frequency treatments of -1.5 and -2 MPa, respectively. Abrupt increases in Na contents were noticed at 5 and 10 dS m-1 salinity when Na accumulation increased 4 to 9 fold. Potassium diminished 29, 38 and 54% under 5, 10 and 15 dS m-1 salinity treatment respectively, and decreased 4 and 10% with increase in water stress to -1.5 and -2 MPa respectively. Accumulation of K+, Ca2+ and Mg+ in the shoots was strongly inhibited by salinity.Salinity substantially reduced plant growth as reflected by a decrease in the dry forage yields, and percent of mortality at high salinity levels. The maximum dry forage yields were 45.1, 38.9, and 38.5 g plant–1 for frequent, intermediate, and infrequent irrigation regimes, respectively.  Based on salinity, the forage dry weight in control plants had the highest yield (44.09 g plant–1), while plants under the high salinity treatment gave the lowest yield (32.76 g plant–1).
Contribution/ Originality


Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 10-2013 Issue: 10

In Vitro Regenarationof Artemisia Annua (Wormwood) Using Seed Explants

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Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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The most effective concentration of some plant growth hormones on the in vitro regeneration of Artemisia annua using seed explants was investigated in the Biotechnology Laboratory of Plant Science Department of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Fresh and healthy seeds of a Chinyong variety were sourced, sterilized and inoculated on a full and half strengths Murashige & Skoog basal media supplemented with varying concentrations of plant growth hormones using the procedure of Hamish, 1998. Combined treatment of GA3 (1.0 µm/l) and NAA (0.5 µm/l) in a half strength MS media recorded the fewer days to germination. Highest germination percentage was observed at combination of GA3 (2.0 µm/l) and BAP (0.5 µm/l) in a full strength MS media. Equal concentration of combined GA3 and BAP (ie 0.5 µm/l) in a full strength MS media had the best vigor, followed by varying concentration of GA3 (2.5 µm/l) and NAA (0.5 µm/l) in a half strength MS media. Highest seedling height was observed at equal concentration of combined GA3 and BAP (ie 0.5 µm/l) in a full strength MS media. This was followed by varying concentration of GA3 (0.5 µm/l) and NAA (1.0 µm/l) in a full strength MS media. Result of Analysis of Variance indicated significant difference among some of the treatments compared with the control (P?0.05). Treating Artemisia seeds using these plant growth hormones had reduced the effect of the phenolic secretions reported on the seeds thereby enhancing its germination. Therefore, this is a promising approach to faster in vitro regeneration of Artemisia plant.
Contribution/ Originality


Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 11-2013 Issue: 11

Response Surface Methodology Optimization of Deproteinization from Sardine (Sardina Pilchardus) Scale of Moroccan Coast

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Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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The present study was designed to determine the optimum conditions for the deproteinization of Moroccan sardine scale (Sardina pilchardus) by using a central composite design of response surface methodology.A central composite design was consisted of eight experimental points and five replications at the center point, which was used to determine the effects of two independent variables (NaOH concentration and treatment time) on hydroxyproline content. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting the response. Until now, a very few researchers has focused on deproteinization of scale by using a surface response methodology. The results showed the optimal conditions for lowest value of response when the concentration of NaOH was 0.5% and the treatment time was 4h. The experimental value for the hydroxyproline content was 2.46mg/l. That result was in agreement with the predicted value, which indicates that the model used was adequate for deproteinization step.
Contribution/ Originality


Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 11-2013 Issue: 11

Sea oil Spill: An Approach Difficult to Overcome by Insurance and International Regulation

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Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research

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Every form of human activities is yield to risk either by an accident or a disease, resulting in injury or death. Generating energy is not an exception. Although such a risk has been previously considered for conventional systems (coal, oil and nuclear), a similar analysis for the so-called alternative or non-conventional systems (solar, wind, ocean thermal and methanol) has been lacking. Nuclear power and natural gas has had the lowest risk rate, though.Risk is an important concept particularly in the fields of industry, environment, finance, law, health, and of course insurance. Knight Frank has proposed a distinction that distinguishes between risk and uncertainty: A risk can be assigned to mathematical probabilities but not to uncertainty. Risk is defined as the probability of occurrence of this event and the magnitude of its consequences (and hazardous issues). It can be applied to people, property, or the natural environment.We will examine the risk of oil pollution and its impact on sea environment.Our study will be oriented towards a new problem that has taken an increasingly important role and may become one of the major problems of our time: it is the pollution of our planet by artificial radio-elements resulting from the use of nuclear energy whose different applications are characterized by the appearance of radioactive waste, i.e. materials that spontaneously emitionizing radiation in which the radioactivity is artificially produced.
Contribution/ Originality


Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 03-2013 Issue: 1

The Different Types of Delinquent Behavior in the Hospitality Industry. Case Study from Greece

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Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability

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Delinquent behavior in hotels is well known both to the hotel industry professionals as well as to the customers. The particularity of hotels being considered to provide a "hospitable" and discreet environment, tranquility and security, prevents the disclosure of the incidents of delinquency that occur in them. In Greece, as well as abroad, despite the fact that delinquent acts are known to occur constantly in hotels, nonetheless the facts do not easily go public, and there seems to exist no hotel department responsible for systematically and ’scientifically’ managing the cases in question. This study aims to record and classify the incidents of delinquent behavior occurring in the Greek hospitality industry through primary research conducted at hotels throughout Greece. In parallel, a record was created, of the way the incidents were handled, who was the person that managed such incidents, the existence -or not- of staff training, the employment of security personnel, whether the assistance of the police was required or not, communication management of the incidents, etc. The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires in combination with structured interviews with hotels’ executives. The results demonstrate the existence of all kinds of delinquency such as theft, drug use/ abuse, prostitution, fraud, domestic violence, etc. Due to the lack of systematic research in Greek hotels for the phenomena of delinquent behavior and ways of their management, combined with the location, the type, the seasonality and the size of the enterprise, a new survey is proposed to be conducted by means of a targeted research involving scientists originating from the field of social and legal sciences, management, psychology, etc. in order to provide a comprehensive picture of the problem and methodology to tackle the issue.
Contribution/ Originality


Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 11-2013 Issue: 11

Solutions to Improve Educational Management Quality

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Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability

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Nowadays, enhancing the quality in educational systems of different countries has gained especial importance and stand. Improving utilizing and increasing the quality in our country’s educational system is felt too. One of the utilizing factors in education system is to improve the educational management quality.In this article, effective factors in educational management quality and one of its improving solutions, thorough management quality, is analyzed.
Contribution/ Originality


Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 11-2013 Issue: 11

Measuring SMEs’ Sustainability: A Literature Review and Agenda for Research

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Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability

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Environmental hazards can be caused by firms’ lack of awareness of social and natural concerns. Firms of all sizes can have significant environmental impacts at regional and global levels. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) form the majority of all businesses in developing and developed economies, contribute to national GDP and make significant distributions to employment, but they have fundamental problems in terms of resources and this tends to harm their business sustainability. Various methods to review business sustainability have been developed. However, researchers have not yet assessed SMEs’ sustainability levels using comprehensive measures. This is particularly problematic in the manufacturing sector because the purpose of this review of SMEs’ sustainability is the criteria that can be used to assess SMEs’ sustainability levels. These criteria include firms’ internal and external factors and stakeholders as well as present and future interests. As such this paper establishes a basis for future research.
Contribution/ Originality


Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 12-2013 Issue: 12

Analysis of the Determinants of Marriage to First Birth Interval in Bangladesh

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Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability

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In this study an attempt has been made to examine the marriage to first birth interval and also to identify the socio-economic, demographic and cultural factors influencing the first birth interval among married women in Bangladesh. For this purpose the present study utilized the Bangladesh Demographic and health survey (Bdhs, 2004). Birth interval is major determinant of the rates of fertility. The average marriage to first birth interval of the respondent’s is observed to be 33.49 months. Independents test of chi-square and proportional hazards model are used to study the effect of selected background characteristics on first birth interval in Bangladesh. Accepted religion of respondent’s all of the independent variable has strong association with first birth interval. Result from proportional hazards model reveal that respondent’s education, access to mass media, age at first marriage, and use of contraception has highly significant impact on first interval excluding Rajshahi and Khulna division. Husband’s education is partially significant over first birth interval and childhood place of residence has little bit connotation on first birth interval.
Contribution/ Originality


Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 12-2013 Issue: 12

Impact of Product Development and Innovation on Organisational Performance

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Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability

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In today’s global market, businesses are faced with intensive competition and in order to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage, they have to adopt processes and system for development of their new products, as well as the improvement of the existing products through innovation. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between organizational performance and product development by innovation. The data was collected from the marketing managers, operation managers and those managers who have been involving greatly in product development and innovation process. A total of 185 useable questionnaires were completed though research sample of 120 firms in Nigeria. The result of the study were interpreted using Likert model and SPSS package for the analysis of some appropriate statistical methods such as factor analysis, regression, and reliability analysis. The findings show that the impact of product development on organizational performance was higher in Nigeria when consumers perceive product innovation as stronger, more favorable and more unique. Creativity/quality of the innovation process exert a positive influence on product development and organizational performance. To literature, the study has supported previous studies on product development and performance especially in developing economies such as Nigeria, Malaysia, Ghana, and among others. Therefore, it was recommended that creative/quality innovations should be maintained continuously to develop appropriate product continually.
Contribution/ Originality


Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 12-2013 Issue: 12

Screening of Salt Tolerant Potentiality and Development Of In Vitro Tissue Culture System for Some Local Rice (Oryza Sativa.L) Varieties

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Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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The present investigation was aimed to establishment of an efficient in vitro tissue culture system with high frequency callus and regeneration induction of some local rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Mature Seed Scutellum (MSS) as explants for three rice varieties which were Rajashail, Katicota, and BRRI-22 were taken as an experimental material and cultured on MS based different PGRs and additives supplemented media. In this study, in vitro experiments were conducted for assessing the effects of salt stress on germination rate, length of shoot and root of germinated plant, callus induction, fresh weight of callus and finally regeneration. For germination and callus induction frequency, MSS was cultured on MS-based medium supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl from 0.2% to 1.5%. With increasing the NaCl concentration, both the rate of germination and callus proliferation were decreased. In case of callus induction, callus was formed only for the medium contained 0.2% and 0.5% and 1% NaCl. Gradual reductions in regeneration frequency as well as number of plantlet were observed with increasing the salt concentration in MS-based medium supplemented with 2.5 mgl-1 BAP. All cultivars responded well on medium supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% NaCl. The best responded regarding the callus induction frequency, the regeneration frequency and the number of shoot per callus were obtained from cv. Rajashail and Katicota among three varieties. A number of regeneration media were also evaluated for regeneration. The optimized medium for plant regeneration was MS + 2.0 mgl-1BAP + 3 mgl-1NAA. These studies revealed that callus induction and plant regeneration frequency were determined by medium combinations as well as genotype of plant. Thus, for developing a new and more potent salt tolerant cell lines, these 2 varieties can be used as suitable sources.
Contribution/ Originality


Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 12-2013 Issue: 12

Student-Teachers’ Attitudes toward Students with Disabilities: Associations with Contact and Empathy

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Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice

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There is little research on student-teachers’ attitudes and contact with students with disabilities, and even fewer researchers have investigated student-teachers’ empathy. This study investigated the association between student-teachers’ contact with students with disabilities and their attitudes toward students with disabilities as well as the association between student-teachers’ attitudes toward students with disabilities and their level of empathy. Student-teachers’ contact with students with disabilities was not associated with their attitudes toward students with disabilities. However, higher student-teacher empathy was associated with attitudes that were more positive toward students with disabilities. While most educators would agree that future teachers should be exposed to as many diverse students as possible, this study points to an interpersonal quality that may play a more vital role in shaping future teachers’ attitudes toward students with disabilities. This affects how we prepare future teachers and highlights the need for empathy training for future teachers.
Contribution/ Originality


Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 11-2013 Issue: 8

Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Studies on Some Novel Transition Metal Complexes of Schiff Base Ligand Derived From Sulfadiazine with Molecular Orbital Calculations

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Journal: International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research

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Some  selected  solid  complexes  of  the  Schiff  base  ligand  HL  derived  from Sulfadiazine  with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)  ions were synthesized and characterized by Micro-analysis, FTIR,   Electronic,   Mass,   and   ESR   Spectral   Analyses,   Magnetic susceptibility and  Molar  Conductance  Measurements.  The  disappearance  of ν(O-H)  hydroxyl band of the phenolic and the lowering shift of the stretching frequency of the ν(CH=N) azomethine band in the ligand after complexation, indicated the coordination through the phenolic oxygen atom (after deprotonation) and azomethine nitrogen atom respectively  of  the  Schiff  base ligand  HL. The lower values of molar conductance indicate the non-electrolytic nature of these complexes. The ESR spectrum of the HL copper complex has octahedral geometry. The molecular structures of the investigated compounds were studied by PM3 method, also the heat of formations,  HOMO, LUMO and dipole moments were calculated to confirm the geometry of the ligand and the it’s complexes.  The  antimicrobial  screening  of  the  synthesized  compounds  HL  and  its complexes  1-3  were  investigated. The Schiff  base ligand  HL  showed  weaker  to significant activity against one or more bacterial and fungal strains. In most of the cases higher activities were exhibited upon coordination with metal ions(II). In addition, calculations  in  silico,  the  Pharmacokinetic  parameters  have  promising  features  for applying the ligand as drug.
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Chemistry & Materials Sciences » International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research » Month: 01-2014 Issue: 1

The Method of Determining the Function of Traffic Costs for the Node with Unregulated Flows of Requests

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Journal: International Journal of Mathematical Research

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Modeling of transportation networks with the purpose of optimization is a vital problem. The difficulties of numerical solution of optimization problems for networks mainly depend on the analytical definition of the function of traffic costs. We provide a developed mathematical model of transportation network based on the generalized Erlang time distribution. We also propose a classification of nodes. For the case of the node with unregulated intersection of multichannel lines as a system of mass service, we obtain an analytical realization of the function of traffic costs. We describe a method of determining the parameters of the generalized Erlang law from experimental data.
Contribution/ Originality


Arts and Education » International Journal of Mathematical Research » Month: 12-2013 Issue: 6

Forecasting Air Passengers of Changi Airport Based on Seasonal Decomposition and an LSSVM Model

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Journal: Review of Information Engineering and Applications

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This work aimed to determine a suitable method to provide air traffic passenger forecasts of Changi airport. A linear forecasting technique in the form of a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model and a nonlinear technique known as the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) were compared. A hybrid X-13 LSSVM approach was also compared. A fourth approach was proposed to leverage the outputs of the hybrid X-13 LSSVM method to conduct forecasts for longer forecasting horizons. Results showed that SARIMA, direct LSSVM and X-13 LSSVM methods were able to provide accurate 1-month-ahead forecasts. However, SARIMA and direct LSSVM methods both suffered from forecasting inaccuracy, as the forecasting horizon increased. The X-13 LSSVM outperformed both SARIMA and direct LSSVM methods, in terms of small magnitude errors and forecasting directional changes across the forecasting horizons. The proposed fourth approach was able to provide 24-months-ahead forecasts and was easy to implement.
Contribution/ Originality
This study documents a suitable method to forecast air traffic passengers. A linear technique, a nonlinear technique and a hybrid X-13 LSSVM approach were compared. A fourth approach was proposed for longer forecasting horizons. Results showed that the proposed approach could provide 24-months-ahead forecasts and was easy to implement.
Computer Sciences » Review of Information Engineering and Applications » Month: 03-2018 Issue: 1