The sustainable development, based on the concept of substitution of fossil fuels by the alternative fuels, with the aim of adapting to climate changes, primarily demands a powerful activity in easing and decreasing the carbon dioxide emission, the largest contemporary environmental threat. To achieve such highly set global goals, it is necessary to invest large amounts of effort in informing and sensitizing the public. This work presents results of empirical research regarding the level of information and attitudes of the interested public, concerning the usage of fuel made from waste as a substitute fuel in the cement industry. The research was conducted on the aim sample, using the in-depth interview and the participating observance. The qualitative method of grounded theory was used in the analysis of empirical material. The coded material was quantitatively processed and calculated using the Statistica ver. 11.00 computer program. Aim of the research was to determine the level of information and the attitudes of interested public regarding differences between communal waste incineration in incinerators and co-incineration in the cement industry, as an alternative fuel, as well as the influence on the environment and the cognitions on the alternative fuels usage in the cement plants of the European Union. The representatives of all the defined subsamples were largely of the opinion that there were no differences between burning the waste in the incinerators and co-incineration in the cement industry. They considered that the usage of the alternative fuels would have negative consequences on the environment and the health of the population, but also that the usage of such fuels was legally allowed in the cement plants of the EU.
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