To prolong the shelf life postharvest jujube, the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on senescence of postharvest jujube in relation to active oxygen metabolism was investigated. Jujubes were fumigated with CO gas at 5, 10, 20 or 40μmol/L for 1 h, and then stored for 30 days at room temperature. Changes in membrane permeability, malonaldehyde (MDA), H2O2, O2•− content, and activities of active oxygen metabolism associated enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in fruit were measured. The results indicated that a little of CO could exhibit positive physiological effect on controlling senescence of winter jujube during storage. The study further showed that fumigating jujube fruit with 10 μmol/L CO could reduce increase of MDA content and the relative membrane permeability, effectively inhibit oxidative damage to lipids, decrease H2O2 and O2•− content and maintain high activities of SOD, CAT and POD. The present data suggest that exogenous CO treatment might delay the jujube fruit senescence by regulating active oxygen metabolism.
Contribution/ Originality
This study documents for the first time the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on H2O2, O2•− content and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) in relation to active oxygen metabolism during senescence of postharvest jujube.
Keywords:
Reference:
Buchanan-Wollaston, V., S. Earl, E. Harrison, E. Mathas, S. Navabpour, T. Page and D. Pink, 2003. The molecular analysis of leaf senescence—a genomics approach. Plant Biotech, 1(1): 3–22.
Duan, X.W., T. Liu, D.D. Zhang, X.G. Su, H.T. Lin and Y.M. Jiang, 2011. Effect of pure oxygen atmosphere on antioxidant enzyme and antioxidant activity of harvested litchi fruit during storage. Food Research International, 44(7): 1905–1911.
Garc?´A, N.A.T., C. Iribarne, F. Palma and C. Lluch, 2007. Inhibition of the catalase activity from phaseolus vulgaris and medicago sativa by sodium chloride. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45(8): 535-541.
García-Mata, C. and L. Lamattina, 2013. Gasotransmitters are emerging as new guard cell signaling molecules and regulators of leaf gas exchange. Plant Science, 201– 202: 66– 73.
Goraj, S., M. Libik-Konieczny, E. Surówka, P. Rozpadek, A. Kalisz, A. Libik, M. Nosek, P. Waligórski and Z. Miszalski, 2012. Differences in the activity and concentration of elements of the antioxidant system in different layers of Brassica pekinensis head. Journal of Plant Physiology, 169(12): 1158-1164.
Han, Y., J. Zhang, X.Y. Chen, Z.Z. Gao, W. Xuan, S. Xu, X. Ding and W.B. Shen, 2008. Carbon monoxide alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative damage by modulating glutathione metabolism in the roots of medicago sativa. New Phytologist, 177(1): 155–166.
Huang, J.J., B. Han, S. Xu, M.X. Zhou and W.B. Shen, 2011. Heme oxygenase-1 is involved in the cytokinin-induced alleviation of senescence in detached wheat leaves during dark incubation. Journal of Plant Physiology, 168(8): 768–775.
Kan, J., H.M. Wang and C.H. Jin, 2011. Changes of reactive oxygen species and related enzymes in mitochondrial respiration during storage. Agricultural Sciences in China, 10(1): 149-158.
Kong, W.W., L.P. Zhang, K. Guo, Z.P. Liu and Z.M. Yang, 2010. Carbon monoxide improves adaptation of arabidopsis to iron deficiency. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 8(1): 88?99.
Lacan, D. and J.C. Baccou, 1998. High levels of antioxidant enzymes correlate with delayed senescence in nonnetted fruits. Planta, 204(3): 377–382.
Li, J.W., L.P. Fan, S.D. Ding and X.L. Ding, 2007. Nutritional composition of five cultivars of Chinese jujube. Food Chemistry, 103: 454–460.
Ling, T.F., B. Zhang, J.S. Lin, H. Liu, S.Y. Wei, Y.G. Sun and W.B. Shen, 2006. Effects of carbon monoxide on vase life and antioxidative metabolism in the cut rose flower. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, (In Chinese), 33(4): 779-782.
Meng, D.K., J. Chen and Z.M. Yang, 2011. Enhancement of tolerance of Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea) to mercury by carbon monoxide. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(2-3): 1823–1829.
Mittler, R., 2002. Oxidative stress antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 7(9): 405–410.
Pun, P.B.L., J. Lu, E.M. Kan and S. Moochhala, 2010. Gases in the mitochondria. Mitochondrion, 10(2): 83-93.
Rogiers, S.Y., M.G.N. Kumar and N.R. Knowles, 1998. Maturation and ripening of fruit of amelanchier alnifolia nutt. Are accompanied by increasing oxidative stress. Annals of Botany, 81(2): 203–211.
Santa-Cruz, D.M., N.A. Pacienza, A.H. Polizio, K.B. Balestrasse, M.L. Tomaro and G.G. Yannarelli, 2010. Nitric oxide synthase-like dependent no production enhances heme oxygenase up-regulation in ultraviolet-B-irradiated soybean plants. Phytochemistry, 71(14-15): 1700–1707.
Shen, Q., M. Jiang, H. Li, L.L. Che and Z.M. Yang, 2011. Expression of a brassia napus heme oxygenase confers plant tolerance to mercury toxicity. Plant Cell Environ., 34(5): 752?763.
Vreman, H.J., R.J. Wong and D.K. Stevenson, 2011. Quantitating carbon monoxide production from heme by vascular plant preparations in vitro. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 49(1): 61-68.
Wang, Y.F., F. Tang, J.D. Xia, T. Yu, J. Wang, R. Azhati and X.D. Zheng, 2011. A combination of marine yeast and food additive enhances preventive effects on postharvest decay of jujubes (Zizyphus Jujuba). Food Chemistry, 125(3): 835–840.
Xing, Z.T., Y.S. Wang, Z.Y. Feng and Q. Tan, 2008. Effect of different packaging films on postharvest quality and selected enzyme activities of hypsizygus marmoreus mushrooms. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 56(24): 11838-11844.
Xu, J., W. Xuan, B.K. Huang, Y.H. Zhou, T.F. Ling, C. Xu and W.B. Shen, 2006. Carbon monoxide induces adventitious roots development in mung bean [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(4): 409-414.
Yang, Z.F., Y.H. Zheng and S.F. Cao, 2009. Effect of high oxygen atmosphere storage on quality, antioxidant enzymes, and DPPH-radical scavenging activity of Chinese bayberry fruit. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 57(1): 176–181.
Zhang, H., S.L. Hu, Z.J. Zhang, L.Y. Hu, C.X. Jiang, Z.J. Wei, J. Liu, H.L. Wang and S.T. Jiang, 2011. Hydrogen sulfide acts as a regulator of flower senescence in plants. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 60(3): 251–257.
Zhang, S.Y. and N. Li, 2014. Effects of carbon monoxide on quality, nutrients and antioxidant activity of postharvest jujube. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(5): 1013-1019.
Zhang, S.Y., Y.W. Yu, C.L. Xiao, X.D. Wang and Y.Y. Tian, 2013. Effect of carbon monoxide on browning of fresh-cut lotus root slice in relation to phenolic metabolism. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 53(2): 555-559.
Zhao, Y., K. Tu, J. Su, S.C. Tu, Y.P. Hou, F.J. Liu and X.R. Zou, 2009. Heat treatment in combination with antagonistic yeast reduces diseases and elicits the active defense responses in harvested cherry tomato fruit. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 57(16): 7565–7570.
Zhu, S.H. and J. Zhou, 2007. Effect of nitric oxide on ethylene production in strawberry fruit during storage. Food Chemistry, 100(4): 1517–1522.