March 2018, Volume 5, 1, pp 1-10
Ecosystem services, Economic value, Indirect use values, Soil conservation, Hydrological functions, Carbon sequestration, Water flow regulation.
[1] N. Landell-Mills and I. T. Porras, Silver bullet or fools’ gold? A global review of markets for forest environmental services and their impact on the poor. London: IIED, 2002.
[2] J. J. Alcamo, Ecosystems and human well-being: A framework for assessment. Washington, DC, USA: Island Press, 2003.
[3] H. K. Gibbs and J. M. Salmon, "Mapping the world’s degraded lands," Applied Geography, vol. 57, pp. 12-21, 2015.Available at: Http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.024 .
[4] C. Sabogal, C. Besacier, and D. McGuire, "Forest and landscape restoration: Concepts, approaches and challenges for implementation," International Journal of forestry and Forest Industries, vol. 66, pp. 3-10, 2015.
[5] UNEP, The role and contribution of montane forests and related ecosystem services to the Kenyan economy. Nairobi: UNEP, 2012.
\[6] L. Nahuelhual, P. Donoso, A. Lara, D. Nunez, C. Oyarzu, and E. Neira, "Valuing ecosystem services of Chilean temperate rainforests," Environment and Development Sustainability, vol. 9, pp. 481–499, 2007.Available at: http: dx.doi 10.1007/s10668-006-9033-8.
[7] K. Pushpam, The economics of valuing ecosystem services and biodiversity: Ecological and economic foundations. London: Earthscan, 2010.
[8] UNEP, KFWG, DRSRS, and EU-BCP, Eastern and South Western Mau forests reserves: Assessment and way forward. Nairobi: UNEP, 2006.
[9] D. Pearce, C. Pearce, and C. Palmer, "Valuing the environment in developing ecosystem conservation," Environment Department Paper No. 101. The world Bank Environmental Department, 2002.
[10] R. S. De Groot, L. Brander, S. V. Ploeg, R. Costanza, F. Bernard, L. Braat, M. Christie, N. Crossman, A. Ghermandi, L. Hein, S. Hussain, P. Kumar, A. McVittie, R. Portela, L. C. Rodriguez, P. Brink, and P. Beukering, "Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units," Ecosystem Services, vol. 1, pp. 50–61, 2014.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.005.
[11] J. K. Sang, "The Ogiek in Mau forest: Case study 3-Kenya, Forest Peoples Programme. England, UK. Retrieved from http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2010/10/kenyaeng.pdf, " 2001.
[12] P. M. Kundu, "Application of remote sensing and GIS techniques to evaluate the impact of land use cover change on stream flows: The case of River Njoro in Eastern Mau- Kenya," PhD Thesis, Department of Natural Resource Egerton University, Kenya, 2007.
[13] P. Riera, G. Signorello, M. Thiene, P. A. Mahieu, S. Navrud, P. Kaval, and P. Elsasser, "Non-market valuation of forest goods and services: Good practice guidelines," Journal of Forest Economics, vol. 18, pp. 259–270, 2012.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2012.07.001.
[14] E. Elias, D. Laband, M. Dougherty, G. Lockaby, P. Srivastava, and H. Rodrigues, "The water supply protection value of forests: A watershed-scale ecosystem services analysis based upon total organic carbon," Open Journal of Ecology, vol. 4, pp. 517-531, 2014.Available at: http:www.dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2014.49042 .
[15] J. Boyd and S. Banzhaf, "What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units," Ecological Economics, vol. 63, pp. 616–626, 2007.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.01.002.
[16] B. Fisher, R. K. Turner, and P. Morlin, "Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision-making," Ecological Economics, vol. 68, pp. 643–653, 2009.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.09.014.
[17] R. Godoy, "Some organizing principles in the valuation of tropical forests," Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 50, p. 171−180, 2007.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90322-z.
[18] D. Xue and C. Tisdalle, "Valuing ecological functions of biodiversity in Changbaishan Mountain Biosphere Reserve in Northeast China," Biodiversity Conservation, vol. 10, pp. 467–778, 2002.
[19] J. Xi, "Valuation of ecosystem services in Xishuangbanna Biodiversity conservation corridors initiative Pilot Site, China," presented at the Greater Mekong Sub-Region Core Environment Program-: ADB TA 6289, 2009.
[20] M. O. Okelo, "Analysis of soil erosion, infiltration and runoff in different land uses in Upper River Njoro, watershed, Kenya," MSc. Thesis, Dept. FERD, Egerton Univ, Njoro, Kenya, 2008.
[21] M. O. Okelo, J. O. Onyando, W. A. Shivoga, and S. N. Miller, "Analysis of surface runoff and soil loss under different land use types in River Njoro watershed using a mini-rainfall simulator. In: E.O. Odada, D.O. Olago, W. Ochola, M.Ntiba, S. Wandiga, N. Gichuki and H. Oyieke , Eds," in Proceedings of the 11th World Lakes Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 2005.
[22] A. Kulecho and V. Muhandiki, "Water quality trends and inputs loads to Lake Nakuru. In: E.O.Odada, D.O. Olago, W. Ochola, M.Ntiba, S. Wandiga, N. Gichuki and H. Oyieke ,Eds," in Proceedings of the 11th World Lakes Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 2005.
[23] G. A. Ikobe, "Assessment of small dams and pans in TANATHI water services board," Msc. Thesis, Department of Civil & Engineering - University of Nairobi, 2014.
[24] J. M. Kinyanjui, P. Latva-Käyä, P. S. Bhuhneshwar, P. Kariuki, A. Gichu, and K. Wamichwe, "An inventory of the above ground biomass in the Mau forest Ecosystem, Kenya," Open Journal of Ecology, vol. 4, pp. 619-627, 2014.Available at: http://dx.doi/10.4236/oje.2014.410052
[25] J. M. Otuoma, "Analysis of forest types in relation to carbon offset potential: A case of Kakamega Rainforest, Kenya," PhD Dissertation, Dept. Biological Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Univ. of Sci. and Tech., Bondo, Kenya, 2015.
. [26] K. Tanabe and F. Wagner, "Good practice guidance for land use, land-use change and forestry. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. Available at: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges. or. jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf. htm," 2003.
[27] H. M. Cox, "A sustainability initiative to quantify carbon sequestration by campus trees," Journal of Geography, vol. 111, pp. 173-183, 2012.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2011.628046.
[28] World Bank, State and trends of carbon pricing 2014. Washington D.C: The World Bank, 2014.
[29] WHO (World Health Organization), Water quality interventions to prevent diarrhea: Cost and cost-effectiveness. Geneva, Switzerland: The World Health Organization, 2008.
[30] P. J. Ferraro, K. Lawlor, K. L. Mullan, and S. K. Pattanayak, "Forest figures: Ecosystem services valuation and policy evaluation in developing countries," Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, vol. 6, pp. 20-44, 2011.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rer019.
[31] G. K. Bush, "The economic valuation of Albertine Rift forest: Application in policy and programming," PhD Thesis, Dept. Econ., Univ. of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, U.K, 2009.
[32] D. W. Pearce, "The economic value of forest ecosystems," Ecosystem Health, vol. 7, pp. 284-296, 2001.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-0992.2001.01037.x.