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Listing 63 - 20 of 2806 results.

Reduction of the Carbon Footprint in Agricultural Greenhouses

Research Article
Author(s): John Vourdoubas
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research

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Abstract
Climate change in the planet is currently creating many environmental, economic and social problems which are probably going to multiply in the near future. Reduction of greenhouse gases emitted from fossil fuels could result in the mitigation of greenhouse effect and the climate change. Agricultural greenhouses consume large amounts of energy mainly derived from fossil fuels, for the cultivation of various crops. Reduction of their carbon footprint is of primary importance to day. In order to investigate the possibilities of reducing their carbon footprint, the energy consumption during their operation has been estimated and the sustainable energy technologies which could be used for substitution of fossil fuels used have been analyzed. It has been found that a modern greenhouse located in Mediterranean region with a covered area of 1,000 m2 and a total annual energy consumption of 200 KWh/m2 emits 76,900 kg CO2 per year. Total elimination of their CO2 emissions could be achieved with the investment of 44,000 € in renewable energy technologies, including solid biomass for heating and solar-PV for power generation and resulting in lower energy cost during their operation. The payback time of the abovementioned investments has been estimated at 4.84 years.
Contribution/ Originality
The study contributes in the existing literature regarding the improvement of the sustainability in agricultural greenhouses.  It indicates the possibility of using various renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels for covering their energy requirements resulting in zeroing their CO2 emissions due to energy use in them.
Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 03-2017 Issue: 1

Multi-Environment Variety Testing (Pre-Met) for Irrigated Ecosystem in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

Research Article
Author(s): Md. Maksudul Haque, M Anisuzzaman, M.M. Emam Ahmed, Partha S Biswas, Md. Ansar Ali
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research

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Abstract
A set of 100 IRRI bred advanced breeding lines were tested at Gazipur (as moderate productive control site) and at Habiganj (as high productive site) following row-column design with 2 replications. The breeding lines were highly variable in days to maturity and plant height but not in grain yield. However the interaction effects between genotype and environment (GXE) were significant for all three traits. At Gazipur, the breeding lines yielded with range between 3.3 to 7.3 t/ha with a growth duration range of 138-154 days, while at Habiganj they yielded 5.1-7.9 t/ha with growth duration of 139-159 days. The highest yielding genotype was IR99092-B-B-78 followed by IR13A390, IR99061-B-B-7, IR14D111, etc at Gazipur, while IR13A390 followed by IR100008-91-B yielded the highest at Habiganj site. Based on yield and growth duration, 22 breeding lines showing better performance at Gazipur, 9 lines at Habiganj and 2 lines for both locations were selected for further evaluation.
Contribution/ Originality
Rice is the major staple food for more than half of the world’s population. The study therefore the breeding lines were highly variable in days to maturity and plant height but not in grain yield. However the interaction effects between genotype and environment (GXE) were significant for all three traits.
Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 03-2017 Issue: 1

A Theoretical Analysis Upon the Environmental Health and Justice Issue: A Case Study for a Comparison Between G20s Unitary and Federal Members

Research Article
Author(s): Soner AKIN, Zehra Gul, Ugur Yildirim
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy

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Abstract
Environmental health and its ties with carbon emission policies have gradually become a hot topic in environmental agenda of nations. In this study, we discuss the issue as environmental health and justice issue in different types of governmental approaches in public management. In this respect, the comparative position of federal and unitary governments were paid attention and the status about sustainable development prospects were analyzed together through looking at the CO2 emission rates and the workers who are under the effect of those policies, benefiting from disability adjusted life years (DALY) statistics.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature on the relation between disability adjusted life years and environmental justice policies.
Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2

Academic Mobility for Engineering and Technology Graduates in Africa: Lessons and Experiences from the Implementation

Research Article
Author(s): Banadda, N., Dintwa, E., Oteyo, I. N., Nampala, P., Vandepitte, L., Adipala, E.
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy

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Abstract
This paper was inspired by lessons and experiences arising from the implementation of an on-going academic mobility project supported by the Intra-ACP European Commission Program. Twelve universities (11 in Africa and the University of Gent in Belgium, Europe) in a consortium brokered by the Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Africa (RUFORUM) conceived and successfully put a proposal in response to the 2013 Intra-ACP Academic Mobility Call. The project “Mobility for Engineering and Technology Graduates in Africa (METEGA)” is on-going and entails academic mobility of 72 beneficiaries (44 at Masters level, 20 at Doctoral level, and 8 at the staff and faculty level) in sixteen countries of the five sub-regions in Africa. Africa is lagging behind in terms of numbers of graduate students in engineering fields. The METEGA project is one of the 15 partnerships on academic mobility supported by the EU Intra-ACP Academic Mobility Scheme; and constitutes significant a contribution towards increasing the number of graduate students in Africa. The project has provided opportunity to leverage resources among participating universities. The participating universities offered three and nine quality Doctoral and Masters training programs. This project represents a significant effort towards internationalization of higher education in the sciences and has served as an opportunity for graduates and faculty to gain skills, relevant experience as well as learn from the implementation process. This paper presents lessons and experiences of the METEGA project, including institutional and operational issues that can be used to inform future academic mobility arrangements in Africa and elsewhere in the world.
Contribution/ Originality
This paper documents a successful case of academic mobility in Africa in higher education and research which is based on a collaborative engagement among universities. Higher Education Institutions can learn from this example and leverage resources for quality postgraduate training and research.
Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 09-2016 Issue: 3

A Review of Cross Border Higher Education in Africa: Focus on Graduate Level Training in Engineering and Technology

Research Article
Author(s): Banadda, N., Oteyo, I. N., Nampala, P., Dintwa, E., Adipala, E.
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy

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Abstract
Cross border education has become part of the options for higher education in countries with inadequate education opportunities. This is based on the fact that education is one of the pillar for economic development and improved living standards. Thus, many nationals from different African countries are taking higher education seriously and are seeking every available opportunity to pursue it. Consequently, this translates to an ever increasing demand for higher education in the continent. Cross border higher education has potential to meet this growing demand and provide more opportunities that can be leveraged to meet the engineering threshold for Africa and provide home grown technological solutions. This paper was motivated by the Mobility for Engineering and Technology Graduates (METEGA) in Africa and similar projects that have seen students move to other countries in the continent for graduate training. The paper presents a review of cross border higher education with a focus on graduate level training in engineering and technology.
Contribution/ Originality
This paper presents useful synthesis on trends in cross border higher education focusing Engineering and Technology. Africa needs more engineers and this paper presents a case for a concerted efforts for stakeholders to address cross border hurdles linked to training quality engineers for Africa.
Economics » International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy » Month: 12-2016 Issue: 4

Occurrence and Anti-Fungal Sensitivity Testing of Candida Species Isolated from Canine Conjunctivitis

Research Article
Author(s): Olabode, H.O.K, Ameh, J.A, Egwu, G.O, Bello, R.H, Nwniyi, F.C
Journal: International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research

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Abstract
Fungal infection in dogs and other domestic pets caused by Candida species have been previously reported. Several available antifungal drugs for treatment of yeast associated infections have been used with diverse effects. This study establishes antifungal susceptibility profile on identified Candida species isolates associated with canine conjunctivitis using disks diffusion method as described by NCCLS (M44-A). The antifungal disks used include Amphotericin-B (20mcg), Nystatin (100units), Itraconazole (10mcg), Ketaconazole (10mcg), Fluconazole (25mcg). The identified Candida species were C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. Percentage susceptibility was high in both Amphotericin B (77.27%) and Nystatin (58.18%), while Itraconazole showed (54.54%), Ketoconazole (55.45%) and Fluconazole was least (11.82%). The sensitivity ranking showed Amphothericin B > Nystatin > Itraconazole > Ketoconazole > Fluconazole and increased resistance amongst the Azoles especially Fluconazole (70.90%) in comparison with Polyenes. C. albicans showed the highest resistance (84.51%) to both Fluconazole and ketoconazole (67.61%). C. parapsilosis showed 63.64% and 61.54% percentage resistance to Nystatin and Itraconazole respectively. In conclusion, this finding showed that Amphotericin B and Nystatin were most effective against isolated Candida species. Proper diagnosis of the underlying ailment is necessary in conjunction with routine anti-fungal susceptibility testing to avoid drug abuse and resistance.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature of canine Candida species epidemiology and control using conventional cultural, characterization and antifungal sensitivity test methodology. This first preliminary study conducted in Abuja-FCT, Nigeria revealed effectiveness of Amphotericin B and Nystatin on Candida species isolates associated with canine conjunctivitis.
Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2

Biochemical and Electron Microscopic Changes Induced by Giardia in Experimentally Infected Lambs

Research Article
Author(s): Reham Samir Elmadawy, Mervat E.I. Radwan, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Mahmoud
Journal: International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research

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Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Giardia on the biochemical serum constituents of experimentally infected lambs, in addition to studying the  observed alterations accompanying Giardia infection in the intestinal mucosa using scanning electron microscopy. Twenty lambs were allotted into two equal groups, Group A ( non infected) was kept as control negative and Group B (infected) was orally inoculated by 104 Giardia cysts. The biochemical changes were assessed in both groups on 7th. 14th, 21th and 30th days post inoculation (dpi). The study disclosed that Giardia induced a significant drop in the levels of serum electrolytes (chloride,sodium, potassium and calcium), blood glucose, different enzymes (lipase, amylase and  alkaline phosphatase).  Furthermore, the levels of urea, liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde) were  elevated, but nitric oxide was declined  by 30th dpi. The scanning electron microscopy of the intestinal mucosa of the infected lambs revealed a notable alteration which was fully explained. All the presented results interpret the pathophysiological effect of Giardia which adversely affects the health status of lambs.
Contribution/ Originality


Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research » Month: 09-2016 Issue: 3

A Suction Trap for Sampling Aphids and Aphidophagous Insects in Pecan Trees

Research Article
Author(s): James D. Dutcher
Journal: International Research Journal of Insect Sciences

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Abstract
Aphids and aphidophagous insects were monitored in a pecan orchard by enumerating the insects collected on leaf samples and suction trap samples. Season long monitoring of the pecan foliage revealed that the aphid abundance prior to the late season outbreak on the leaves increased to higher population levels than could not be explained by the reproductive potential of the aphids. Concomitant season long sampling of the air in the canopy indicated that fecund alate aphids were continuously abundant in the air both before and between the outbreaks on the leaves. The results have important implications for improving scouting methods to predict aphid outbreaks and facilitate insecticide applications for aphid control.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is the first attempt to sample the pecan tree canopy with a suction trap and describe the seasonal long activity of three aphid species and associated beneficial insects in the pecan tree canopy from series of samples.
Agricultural Sciences » International Research Journal of Insect Sciences » Month: 03-2016 Issue: 1

Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) Infection Among HIV Patients Accessing Healthcare at Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria

Research Article
Author(s): Pennap, G. R. I., Oti, V. B.
Journal: Journal of Diagnostics

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Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections is a sexually transmitted infection worldwide, which has a public health implications especially as a driving force behind the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic. It is known to cause genital ulcer as well as lesions. It is a lifelong recurrent disease with no cure. Due to the lack of documented HSV-2 studies among HIV patients in this study area with an estimated HIV prevalence of 38.7%, there was a need for estimating the seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection in the study population. The sera of 223 consenting HIV positive patients were screened for HSV-2 specific IgG using an ELISA test kit (Cortez Diagnostic, Inc, USA). The chi-square test was performed to identify possible risk factors associated with the viral seropositivity. The overall seroprevalence of the viral infection was 77.6%. Females recorded a prevalence of 84.5% and males 51.0% (p > 0.05). Participants aged ≤ 20 and ≥ 61 years recorded a prevalence of 100%, while the lowest prevalence (66.7%) was observed in those aged 51-60 years (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant association between the seroprevalence of HSV-2 in HIV patients in relation to locality. Patients from the rural setting had a higher prevalence (85.2%) of the infection than those from the urban setting (72.6%) (p ≤ 0.05). However, in this study, marital status, occupation, level of education, antiretroviral therapy (ART) status and CD4 counts, had no statistically significant association with HSV-2 infection (p > 0.05). Awareness campaigns that will promote behavioral change might be the most important strategy to mitigate transmission as most of the infected persons usually show no clinical symptoms. The role of vaccination and condom use among high risk groups may help in combating the transmission.
Contribution/ Originality
This study has contributed in documenting the prevalence of the infection in Keffi using the ELISA test kit and has used the Chi square statistical test. This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated the prevalence of HSV-2 infection in North central, Nigeria. The paper has contributed in logical analysis and in estimating the prevalence and risk factors of the infection in Keffi. The study documented a very high overall prevalence of the infection. It is associated with gender, age and locality and not associated with marital status, occupation, level of education, ART and CD4 counts.
Medical Sciences » Journal of Diagnostics » Month: 12-2016 Issue: 2

Tumors of the Gnathic System with Multiple Histogenetic Characteristics

Research Article
Author(s): Friedman, Kurt, Luis Tamara, Ines Velez
Journal: Journal of Diseases

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Abstract
Background: There is a great confusion in the scientific literature regarding tumors composed of tissues with different histogenetic and molecular characteristics. Diagnosis of a neoplasm composed of more than one tumoral tissue can be extremely challenging, so is the treatment.  Methods: This is an attempt, illustrated with several examples of these types of tumors from the gnathic system, to gain a better understanding of this issue. Conclusions: As the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a collision tumor between a sarcomatoid carcinoma and so called keratocystic odontogenic tumor. It is critical to understand these types of tumors, for correct diagnosis, staging and treatment.
Contribution/ Originality
This paper contributes to the understanding of complex tumors that are usually difficult to diagnose and treat. A tumor with more than one histogenetic characteristic constitutes a challenge for the medical profession. 
Medical Sciences » Journal of Diseases » Month: 02-2016 Issue: 2

Risk-Based Disease Management in the Fight Against to Bovine Tuberculosis; Area Prioritization

Research Article
Author(s): Senturk B
Journal: Journal of Diseases

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Abstract
In this study, regional distribution of bovine tuberculosis disease in Turkey over a period of 10 years was investigated using Office International des Epizooties data. The number of outbreaks of the geographical regions put together in Microsoft Excel programme. Descriptive statistics and Correlation analysis was used in the study. Six disease-specific evaluation criteria were determined to explain the disease factors. In Turkey, the number of outbreaks (r=0.693; p=0.000<0.01) was found to be significant. But the relationship of the number of outbreaks of the disease with the number of animals per km2 (animal density) was found to be (-.016) insignificant (P>0.05). The rusults of present study to demostrate that epidemiologic data analysis was first implemented to disease management programme. Thus if the risk area determined, cost of controlling of the disease programme will be reduced and effective contol programme must be implemented to the high risk area.  This study recomended that the disease outbreaks management will be planned firstly high risk areas with a risk based disease managemnet plan.  This approch will be decreased the disease outbreaks and the public cost of the disease will be reduced in near future.
Contribution/ Originality
This paper’s is one of very few studies which have investigated to disease management by prioritizing disease areas in developing country. The paper contributes that relationship between the number of outbreaks of the disease at the provincial level and the animal density was found to be insignificant.
Medical Sciences » Journal of Diseases » Month: 02-2016 Issue: 2

Development of Periodontitis after Antihelicobacter Therapy in Patients with Ulcer Disease

Research Article
Author(s): Shokhsanam Khurramova, Bekhzod Abdullaev
Journal: Journal of Diseases

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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the most common diseases of the stomach and duodenum such as peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and chronic gastritis. Stomach and duodenum are well-conditioned organs for bacteria. Oral cavity is considered a secondary reservoir of H. pylori. The infection responds well to complex antibacterial treatment, but the risk of recurrence and side effects of this treatment is sufficiently high. This article discusses the H.pylori-related pathology of oral cavity and paradentium, and the side effects and tolerability of eradication therapy. The pathways for optimization of the treatment for H. pylori infection with the use of drugs contributing to the restoration of microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity are offered.
Contribution/ Originality
All authors contributed equally to this work. This study was one of few studies, which have investigated affecting antimicrobial and anti-ulcerative drugs to the development of periodontitis. Authors declare that there is found relations between pathogenesis of periodontitis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease.  
Medical Sciences » Journal of Diseases » Month: 01-2017 Issue: 1

Multifactorial Analysis of the Parameters for Immunity in Preterm Infants

Research Article
Author(s): N.L. Aryayev, I.M. Shevchenko, H.M. El Mezewghi, N.V. Shevchenko
Journal: Journal of Diseases

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Abstract
The multifactorial analysis of the immunity for the preterm infants, born at 34-36 weeks gestation, has been performed. Three factors of the external load, which were 55.71% of the power load, have been determined with the method of principal components. As a result of the analysis, we can come to the conclusion about the feasibility of the advanced study, the parameters of the immune system for the preterm infants, are as follows: The complement fractions, The circulating immune complexes, T-lymphocytes, T-helper cells, B-lymphocytes, the immunoregulatory index, and IgE.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated parameter of immunity for preterm infants, study of the relationship of balance disorders and immune mechanisms in preterm infants will identify new approaches to the diagnosis of the pathology for neonatal period
Medical Sciences » Journal of Diseases » Month: 01-2017 Issue: 1

Decoupling Analysis of Bulgaria’s Agriculture

Research Article
Author(s): Radka Nenova
Journal: Journal of Empirical Studies

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Abstract
The article examines the possibility for applying a decoupling analysis to Bulgaria’s agriculture by analysing the relationships between its driving force and environmental pressures. The analysis methodology is adjusted for the purposes of the study. The empirical study covers the period from 1990 to 2012, during which the Republic of Bulgaria, as a party to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), had to implement certain measures to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The results of the analysis show that during that period absolute decoupling prevailed in Bulgaria’s agricultural sector.
Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution in the existing literature is that it adapts the decoupling analysis methodology to the sector of agriculture in Bulgaria.
Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2

Mobile Food Consumption Monitoring Application

Research Article
Author(s): Negin Hamzeheinejad, Hannyzzura Pal @ Affal
Journal: Journal of Food Technology Research

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Abstract
Obesity is becoming a serious health issue due to the growing number of obese people in many countries. iFood, a mobile application to help individuals manage daily calorie consumption is presented and ways of optimizing the daily calorie needed is achieved by offering information of each food and suggestions on food and physical activities that can be carried out to balance the amount of calorie intake. The application is developed based on the Rational Unified Process Model (RUP) system development methodology which comprises of four stages including inception, elaboration, construction and transition. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of iFood for Android smartphones and demonstrate its feasibility in monitoring daily calorie intake. The application analyzes emphasizing on its accessibility and acceptance test. The results show that participants are satisfied with the features provided by the application. They agreed that the application helps them to monitor their food intakes and hence to lose weight.
Contribution/ Originality
This study investigates on obesity in Malaysia and it proposes mobile food application which is useful for people to monitor their food intakes. Furthermore, features of this application will be explained in the paper.
Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2

Design of Experiment - Optimization of HPLC Analysis of Vitamin A and E in Margarine and Vegetable Oil

Research Article
Author(s): Lorinc Garai
Journal: Journal of Food Technology Research

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Abstract
Liquid chromatography is a useful method for selective analysis of vitamin A and E. The native components can be easily tested due to their UV-absorbance and beneficial separation characteristics. To test the food sample, vitamin A and E have to be separated from the fatty part of food. This step is performed by saponification, which is the critical step of procedure due to the heat and light sensitivity of both vitamins. The corresponding standards (MSZ-EN 12822-1, MSZ EN 12823-1) recommend a wide range of saponification temperature and time, giving an opportunity to optimize the recovery of the analyte. Experimental tests were performed from vegetable oil and margarine sample to find the temperature and time settings for the best recovery. Both factors were examined with centered two-level factorial design. Data analysis showed an increasing recovery of analytes towards the corner points of highest possible temperature and shortest possible saponification time. Finally, confirmatory tests were made.
Contribution/ Originality


Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2

The Evaluation of Some Dietary Fiber Rich by-Products in Ice Creams Made from the Traditional Pudding - Kesme Muhallebi

Research Article
Author(s): Hatice SICRAMAZ, Ahmet AYAR, Eda Nur AYAR
Journal: Journal of Food Technology Research

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Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fiber (DF)-rich by-products in Turkish traditional pudding kesme muhallebi and ice cream made from it. For this purpose, corn pulp, black carrot and apricot pomace were added in dessert samples. Dessert and ice cream samples were analyzed for their sensory attributes and textural properties. Black carrot pomace added samples had the lowest sensory attributes, while corn pulp added samples had comparable results with control samples. The obtained results in this study showed that the sensory properties of the desserts weren’t affected adversely with the addition of DF materials except for black carrot. Some of the food industry wastes can be available processing aids in functional food production. In addition, kesme muhallebi dessert was successfully introduced into ice cream, with higher sensorial attributes. 
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature of dietary fiber rich by-products from food processing as a source of functional materials that can be evaluated in dairy products.
Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2

The Effects of Magnetic Field on Germination of Seeds and Growth of Seedlings of Stone Pine

Research Article
Author(s): Erol Kirdar, Cengiz Yucedag, Burcu Balaban
Journal: Journal of Forests

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Abstract
Stone pine (Pinus Pinea L.) is a multi-purpose species for Mediterranean forestry owing to both economic and socio-economic importance. Thus, in this study the effects of magnetic field on the germination of seeds and growth of seedlings of stone pine were investigated. For this purpose, its seeds were treated by a magnetic field of 9.42 mT for a different period of time – 0 min (control), 15 min, 30 min and 40 min in a cylindrical shaped sample, made of a nonmagnetic thin transparent plastic sheet. Germination experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of Bart?n University. Considered the germination results as a whole, while seeds exposed to a magnetic field for 30 and 45 minutes resulted in higher germination energy (43%) and percentage (55%), respectively. Both the lowest germination energy (6%) and germination percentage (32%) were found out to be in the seeds without applying magnetic field. Magnetic field increased shoot height, root collar diameter and also tap root length of stone pine seedlings. In terms of shoot height, 85% of 1+0 seedlings was proper for afforestation activities based the classification of TSI. Moreover, magnetic field treatments may be considered as an alternative method to enhance germination Stone pine seeds and to obtain better growth characteristics of their seedlings.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is important in terms of determining the effects of magnetic field on the germination of seeds and growth of seedlings of forest tree species.
Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Forests » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 1

Role of Library and Information Science Professionals in the Knowledge Society

Research Article
Author(s): P.K Suresh Kumar
Journal: Journal of Information

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Abstract
The role of Library and Information Science (LIS) profession has been changing due to the information overload and its availability in variant forms. The 21st century has brought a lot of changes not only on the library and information services but also on the roles and expectations of the librarians and information professionals.  The LIS professionals have new challenges because of unprecedented explosion of information and the application of information communication and mobile technologies in generation, dissemination and access of information. To cope with these problems, the modern library and information professionals need to change from the custodian of documents to the content managers. This paper examines (i) the importance of libraries and information centers; (ii) the transformation of libraries; (iii) temperature of the information world; (iv) the challenges faced by LIS professions (v) the new roles and skills of LIS professionals in this paradigm shift.
Contribution/ Originality


Computer Sciences » Journal of Information » Month: 06-2016 Issue: 2

Uses of the Hashtag #Blacklivesmatter: A Quantitative Proposal for Researching Online Social Movements

Research Article
Author(s): Laura Canuelas, Jorge Santiago Pintor, Evelyn Dean-Olmstead, Silvia Alvarez Curbelo
Journal: Journal of New Media and Mass Communication

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Abstract
This study presents a process to research the elements that influence the creation and proliferation of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter, and explores the ways Twitter members use this hashtag. This objective is divided in four questions: What types of events influence the use of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter?, What type of user generated content appears with this hashtag?, What other hashtags are used when #BlackLivesMatter is present? And which emotions (rage, fear or enthusiasm) appear in these messages?  We present a theoretical framework that includes characteristics of microblogging platforms as well as their impact on social movements of the last decade. The methodology uses a quantitative approach to analyze a sample of tweets that contain the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter.  The findings indicated that the events that most influences the use of #BlackLivesMatter are the deaths of black people by the hands of police officers, trials and manifestations. Rage is the most common emotion, closely followed by enthusiasm. The user generated content most shared is webpage links and the hashtags that appear most frequently next to #BlackLivesMatter are #Ferguson (427) and #MikeBrown (111).  Future investigations should include a wider range of emotions to be evaluated as well as cross platform analysis.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on online social movements, hashtag production, emotional and user generated content.
Social Sciences » Journal of New Media and Mass Communication » Month: 12-2016 Issue: 2