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Listing 106 - 20 of 2806 results.

Analysis of Traffic Accident Occurrence at Hazardous Road Locations: A Case Study in Tunisia

Research Article
Author(s): Fedy Ouni, Mounir Belloumi
Journal: International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research

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Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of factors linked to the geometric, roadway and traffic flow characteristics on traffic accident occurrence at Hazardous Road Locations (HRL) in the region of Sousse, Tunisia using longitudinal data of 52 HRLs for an 11-year monitoring period from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2014. The results of estimation of Negative Binomial model and the Random Effects Negative Binomial model reported that the different variables representing the presence of rural segment, the curved alignment, the visibility, the average daily traffic volume, the presence of public lighting, the number of lane, the presence of vertical/horizontal sign, the presence of drainage system, the presence of paved shoulder, the roadway surface condition, and the presence of major road were the main significant variables influencing accident occurrences. Therefore, the results could be useful for deciders in the transport sector in order to implement effective measures to improve road safety by adopting proper sound use practices, establishing efficient transportation systems and formulating appropriate traffic policies and legislation.
Contribution/ Originality
This is one of the few studies which have investigated the occurrence of traffic accidents at Hazardous Road Locations in the region of Sousse (Tunisia) as a function of various explanatory factors linked to the geometric characteristics, roadway characteristics and traffic flow characteristics.
Economics » International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Effect of Factors of Body Composition, Body Stature and Distribution of Lifters in the Weight Categories

Research Article
Author(s): Attila Adamfi, Andras S. Szabo
Journal: Journal of Sports Research

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Abstract
It was demonstrated that for the biomechanical evaluation of the relative performance the complex system (body + barbell) should be taken into account. Another factor is the body-composition (muscle-, fat- and bone ratios) of the lifters. The most dominant is the muscle-ratio, which is significantly less in the super-heavyweight category than in the others. Modification parameter is the physique of the athlete (dominantly the body height), because to reach higher level with the barbell during the pull it is necessary to have higher speed, so consequently the lifter has to perform higher acceleration and needs more strength to carry it out. The body height is important from point of view of energetics, as well – the physical work performed by a taller lifter is more – influencing also the regeneration time and the loadability, reducing the level of sport result. The physique and body composition has an impact also on the movement-structure and the technical skill (level) of attempts. In the super-heavyweight the technique is often far from the optimum, concerning the biomechanical requirements (e.g. the disturbing effect of the big belly). The last factor is the distribution of lifters in the different categories, surely if the number of lifters is not similar in the different categories, the expectable sport level can be also different.
Contribution/ Originality
This study uses new estimation methodology for analysis of the relative performance of top weightlifters, taking into consideration also the body composition, body stature and distribution of lifters in the different weight categories.
Physical Sciences » Journal of Sports Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

The Impact of Land Price Movements on the Properties in Croatia

Research Article
Author(s): Nikolina Buljan, Jian Hua Zhang
Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
The Mediterranean countries of the European Union record diversions in real estate along the coast. Based on the hypothesis that land prices are playing a significant role in increasing housing prices, the goal of our research was to determine to what extent that factor is important in Croatia. The reason for price unsteadiness is most often examined through main macroeconomic aspects but very few researches are using land prices as the main assumption of this problem. The study is carried out using Davis and Heathcote (2005) for determining factors of home value. By observing the period from 2002 to 2017 and from the given results we were able to deliver prediction for future market movements until 2025 using the Double exponential smoothing model. The analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between financial crisis and fall of land price index in all parts of Croatia except the coastal region as research proposed initially. It is shown that real estate prices will continue to grow, but the index of land prices will not follow this growth in parallel. Rather other factors like cost of building will have bigger share in the overall price. The outcome provides an important opportunity to advance the understanding of housing market movements in Croatia by regions and might serve as guidance in future policy creation.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies which emphasize the importance of land prices in overall real estate prices and bring them into context with the geographical position of the Croatian regions.
Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1

Characterization and Classification of Cropland-Soils Affected by Erosion in Igbudu Ikwo, Southeastern Nigeria

Research Article
Author(s): Obasi S. N., Obasi C. C., Nweke V., Okolie H.
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research

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Abstract
This research was carried out in Igbudu Ikwo, Ebonyi State in Southeastern Nigeria to investigate and classify some cropland-soils affected by erosion. Three profile pits were dug and samples were collected in their horizons. The soils physico-chemical properties analyzed indicated that all investigated soils were sandy loam (SL), bulk density was high ranging from 1.51, 1.59 and 1.42 gcm-3in pedons 1, 2 and 3 due to the preponderance of high sandiness, although within the acceptable levels (<1.85). Available P was medium (5 – 15 mgkg-1) in pedon 2 and high (>15 mgkg-1) in pedons 1 and 3. Organic matter was medium (2.0 - 4.2%) at pedons 1 and 3 and low < 2% in pedon 2 when critical limits was considered. This low organic matter content is a challenge as the soils of Igbudu Ikwo is already prone to erosion and would need high organic matter content to bind the soils particles together against disintegration by erosion processes. Sodium was very low (< 0.1 gkg-1) while K was low (<0.1 – 0.3 gkg-1 Therefore, the inputs of K fertilizer would be necessary to enhance the productivity of the soils. Calcium and Mg were very low when critical limits were considered (<2 gkg-1) and (<0.5 gkg-1) for Ca and Mg respectively. Adequate soil conservation practices and improvement of soil nutrients should be adopted for the optimum productivity of the soils of Igbudu Ikwo, Ebonyi State. The pedons were classified as Arenic Kandiudults in USDA soil taxonomy and Arenic Lixisols when correlated with WRB for soil resources.
Contribution/ Originality
This work is the first attempt to characterize and classify soils of Igbudu Ikwo in Southeastern Nigeria even though the area is of huge agricultural significance and under erosion threat. This study provided information on soil physic-chemical properties as well as the current nutrient/fertility situation of the soil.
Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 2

Investigating the Possibility of Changing the Saudi Arabian Riyal Exchange Rate Regime

Research Article
Author(s): Dimah Althibani, Hatem Akeel, Momen Atef
Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
This study examined the determinants of the Saudi riyal real effective exchange rate (REER) and the possibility of changing Saudi Arabia’s exchange rate regime from pegged to floating. A regression model was used to investigate the impact of Saudi Arabia’s total reserves, cost of living, money supply, non-oil exports, interbank lending rate, and crude oil production on the REER. The results revealed crude oil production as the only significant determinant: a 10% increase in production will reduce the rate by 1.32%. Although Saudi Arabia is cannot yet change its exchange rate regime, the goals of Vision 2030 are achieved and Saudi Arabia is no longer an oil-dependent economy, a change may be possible.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes the determinants of the Saudi riyal real effective exchange rate and the possibility of changing Saudi Arabia’s exchange rate regime to the existing literature. The findings indicate that, as Saudi Arabia’s economy is still dependent on oil exports, any change in the exchange rate regime will significantly affect the Saudi riyal’s value and stability.
Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1

The Relationship between Organizational Self-Esteem, Commitment, Tipping and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Case in the Foodservice Industry

Research Article
Author(s): Grayson Jamroch, Albert A. Barreda, Yoshimasa Kageyama
Journal: Journal of Tourism Management Research

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Abstract
Given the limited research on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the foodservice industry, this study attempts to investigate the effect of organizational self-esteem, organizational commitment, and the reception of tipping on organizational citizenship behavior. This study provides the necessary context to the relative mindset of the selected study participants (working students of Hospitality within restaurant organizations). Using the analysis of 45 tested (surveyed) students within a university setting; this study successfully drew conclusions about the relative correlation between the aforementioned constructs. The findings of the study contribute to the literature by helping and guiding foodservice and hospitality practitioners to consider influencing the perception of reception of tipping, the development of organizational self-esteem, and the positive organizational commitment to ensure that organizational citizen behavior is built. This paper can be useful for educators, managers, researchers, and students who are attempting to provide context for the contributions towards a positive working environment, and the implications of such.
Contribution/ Originality
This study addresses theoretical and empirical gap by showing that tipping reception, organizational self-esteem and organizational commitment are essential for the construction of Organizational Citizen Behavior.
Business & Management » Journal of Tourism Management Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

An Empirical Investigation of Real Exchange Rate Responses to Foreign Currency Inflows: Revisiting the Dutch Disease Phenomenon in South Asia

Research Article
Author(s): Muntasir Murshed, Seemran Rashid
Journal: The Economics and Finance Letters

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Abstract
Inflows of foreign currencies into the developing economies, in particular, have been associated with the Dutch disease phenomenon whereby a surge in such inflows is believed to stimulate real appreciation of the real exchange rate. As a result, there could be deindustrialization impacts on the recipient economies following a growth in the non-tradable sector at the expense of the tradable sector's contraction. This paper empirically investigates the dynamics of real exchange rate responses to official development assistance, foreign direct investments and international remittances flowing into the four emerging South Asian economies Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The results from the extensive econometric analyses show that a 1% rise in the total volume of official development assistance and remittances received appreciates the real exchange rate by 0.18% and 0.23% respectively. In contrast, a 1% rise in FDI inflows was found to trigger a 0.19% depreciation of the real exchange rate. Furthermore, the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) test results reveal unidirectional long run causalities running from official development assistances and FDI inflow to real exchange rate while certifying a bidirectional causal association between inward international remittances and the real exchange rate.
Contribution/ Originality
This paper makes a novel attempt to model the real exchange rate responses to foreign inflows, using panel-data estimators, in the context of the selected South Asian Economies.
Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

The Virtuous Cycle of Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Financial Performance: the Mediating Role of Firm Reputation

Research Article
Author(s): Vani Tanggamani, Azlan Amran, T. Ramayah
Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
Profitability is the main goal of business organizations. This study focused on the effect of previous-year CSR practices on current-year financial performance, and then its effect on subsequent-year CSR practices. This study also investigated the mediating effect of current-year firm reputation on the relationship between previous-year CSR practices and current-year financial performance, and on the relationship between current-year financial performance and subsequent-year CSR practices. Using a random sampling technique, 200 public listed firms on Bursa Malaysia were selected as the study’s sample. Content analysis of their annual reports for year 2013, 2014 and2015, and company websites was carried out to determine their CSR practices disclosure, ROA and firm reputation. Partial least squares – structural equation modelling was used to analyse the samples. Findings showed that previous-year CSR practices lead to significant and positive effect on current-year reputation and corporate financial performance. Current-year firm reputation mediates the relationship between previous-year CSR and current-year corporate financial performance. However, current-year corporate financial performance does not lead to subsequent-year CSR practices disclosure. This study showed that CSR practices have immediate positive effect on corporate financial performance, but the profitability did not lead to more disclosure in subsequent-year CSR practices. Hence, further study might explore the relationship on a wider time gap between current-year corporate financial performance and subsequent-year CSR practices. Conclusively, CSR practices are critical success factor that must be effectively and efficiently implemented by firms.
Contribution/ Originality
This study originates measurement scales for CSR and firm reputation disclosures. This is one of the few studies to have investigated the virtuous cycle of CSR and financial performance. The primary findings are on the immediate effect of CSR on performance but delayed reciprocal effect of profitability on CSR.
Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1

Understanding Audit Quality & Talent Management of Auditors in Practice through Content Analysis & Interviews

Research Article
Author(s): Ramesh Ruben Louis, Noor Adwa Sulaiman, Zarina Zakaria
Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
Audit quality continues to be a major concern in the corporate landscape due mainly to accounting scandals arising from questionable accounting practices signed-off by auditors and the inability of auditors to perform audits up to required standards. Researchers and the profession alike have pointed to the talent/human factor as being critical in achieving quality. Objective of the study: To better understand and obtain more information on audit quality and how talent is managed in external audit practices. Method: Content analysis of transparency reports issued by audit practices and interviews with auditors & regulators. Key findings: The content analysis and interviews have provided valuable insights on how the profession defines audit quality and their talent management practices in achieving audit quality. The transparency reports and interviews also provided information on the role audit regulators play in achieving audit quality and its impact on an audit firm’s talent management. The content analysis and interviews were insightful in the areas of talent management policies, ethics management, succession planning and role of regulators as very little prior research has been carried out on these areas in the context of audit quality. Implications: The findings provide a sound foundation of audit quality attributes and talent management practices that are paramount in achieving audit quality as applied by the profession. Together with findings from prior research, these findings can be used to set out a comprehensive talent management framework in the external audit setting for achieving audit quality.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies to have investigated the attributes of audit quality and talent management practices directly from practitioners of the external audit profession through a comprehensive review of audit quality reports published by audit firms and interviews with audit practitioners & regulators of the profession.
Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1

Corporate Characteristics and ESG Disclosures in Malaysian Public-Listed Companies

Research Article
Author(s): Ho Wai Kee, Ng Shir Li, Vivi Norazlina Mohd Sidik, Ng Foo Seng, Susela Devi K. Suppiah
Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
Companies are changing the way business is conducted to contribute to the betterment of society holistically. Corporate disclosures relating to sustainability has increased intensely to respond to the increased demand for sustainability data from stakeholders. Corporate characteristics may influence the degree of disclosure of sustainability information. Using 285 observations from Malaysian public-listed companies, from 2014 to 2018, the study examines the influence of specific corporate characteristics on the disclosure of sustainability practices. The study applies two-stage least square regression analysis to validate the hypotheses and models. Earnings per shares, return on equity, company size and market capitalization are used as the proxies for corporate characteristics and the Combined Economic, Social and Governance (ESG) Score as the proxy for sustainability practices disclosure measure. The results show that the return on equity and market capitalisation are significantly related to the level of disclosure of sustainability practices. Thus, return on equity and market capitalisation have an impact on the company’s level of disclosure of sustainability practices. The implication to practice is that a well-performing corporate with large market capitalisation may actively adopt sustainability practices as a strategy rather than merely comply with regulatory requirements. Profitable companies with large market capitalisation should invest substantially in implementing sustainable practices to achieve lower operating costs and higher yield in the long-term. This study provides insights into the role of corporate characteristics that support the efficacy of sustainability reporting to enhance shareholder value.
Contribution/ Originality
This study documents evidence of utilisation of the ESG_SCORE (Refinitiv, 2019) to measure ESG performance, commitment and effectiveness before and after the 2015 Sustainability Framework. It provides evidence for the important role of the Malaysian regulators and policy-makers in promoting SDGs and guides regulators to benchmark the Sustainability Framework in the future.
Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1

Modelling and Optimization of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Paddy Pre-Treatments for Optimum Chemical Property using Response Surface Methodology

Research Article
Author(s): Osunrinade Oludolapo A., Akinoso R.
Journal: Journal of Food Technology Research

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Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L. variety OS-6) paddy pre-treatments condition was optimized with respect to proximate, amylose and free fatty acids (FFA) composition. Soaking duration (1, 3 and 5 days), initial soaking temperature (30, 65 and 100 0C), parboiling temperature (80, 100 and 120 0C) and drying temperature (30, 50 and 70 0C) were used as independent factors in D-optimal response surface design methodology. AOAC methods were used for determination of proximate and free fatty acid composition. Amylose content was determined using standard method. Moisture, ash, fat, protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate, amylose contents and FFA of the rice were 4.22- 10.24%, 0.24-0.71%, 0.62-1.73%, 7.41-9.57%, 0.60-1.71%, 78.31-84.65%, 17.41-22.34% 25 and 0.70-3.80%, respectively. The R2 for the model fitted ranged from 0.457 to 0.922. The range of R2 and p-value obtained for moisture, carbohydrate, energy, FFA and amylose affirms the degree of fitness of models obtained. The optimum rice paddy pre-treatment condition obtained was 1 day: 4.8 minutes, initial soaking temperature of 35 oC, Parboiling temperature of 98.03 oC and drying temperature of 70 oC.
Contribution/ Originality
This study provided detailed changes that occur in the chemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L. variety OS-6) as affected by paddy pre-treatments. Effect of variation in pre-treatment conditions was reported, while processing conditions for optimum chemical composition of rice was also established.
Agricultural Sciences » Journal of Food Technology Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Phenotypic Performance Evaluation of Improved Tef (Eragrostis tef L) Genotypes in North Gondar

Research Article
Author(s): Melle Tilahun Tagele, Tesfaye Jorgi
Journal: Current Research in Agricultural Sciences

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Abstract
Ten improved tef varieties including the local check were evaluated with the objective of selecting adaptable and best performing tef varieties in North Gondar. The trial was conducted at Takusa and Gondar Zuria woredas of north Gondar zone of Amhara region during 2017 cropping season. The design was randomized complete block design with three replications. In Takusa, the mean grain yield of some improved varieties was higher than the local check. Varieties Dz-01-974 and Quncho gave the highest yield, (3226kg/ha) and (2944.3kg/ha) respectively. Similarly in Gondar Zuria woreda, some improved varieties were relatively better than the local check and variety Dz-01-974 and Quncho gave the highest yield (2449.3kg/ha) and (2084kg/ha) respectively. The yield in Gondar Zuria was relatively lower than Takusa woreda. This may be due to the fact that Gondar Zuria woreda is characterized by terminal moisture stress. Generally the combined analysis over location revealed that varieties Dz-01-974 and Quncho gave the highest yield and no significant difference observed among varieties in their maturity period and relatively higher yield. Therefore Dz-01-974 and Quncho were recommended for their high yielding potential and farmer’s preference with their production packages. These two varieties were recommended for production in Gondar Zuria, Takusa and similar agro ecologies.
Contribution/ Originality
This work investigates the impact of genotype choice for climate change adaptation and for farmers resilient to climate variability.
Agricultural Sciences » Current Research in Agricultural Sciences » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Financial Inclusion and Poverty Alleviation: The Contribution of Commercial Banks in West Africa

Research Article
Author(s): Prince Asare Vitenu-Sackey, Jiang Hongli
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management

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Abstract
The study delves into financial inclusion and poverty alleviation with emphasis on the contribution of the commercial banks in West Africa from the period of 2004 to 2015. To achieve the objective of the study. In a panel of 10 West African countries, the study aimed at assessing the dynamic relationship that exists between financial inclusion and poverty alleviation. In order to achieve this objective, the study utilized some panel data methodologies such as unit root tests and cointegration tests to unravel the characteristics of the variables whether they statistically fit for further regression. The study employed dynamic panel data methodology to analyze the data to make statistical inference. The study found out that financial inclusion has positive impact on poverty alleviation but taking into consideration the number of commercial banks, it was evidenced that it has negative impact on poverty alleviation whiles number of ATMs and total amount of loans granted are insignificant in poverty alleviation. Government effectiveness as in the quality of policy formulation, implementation and the credibility of the government’s commitment to such policies has positive impact on poverty alleviation but regulatory quality which is the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations for private sector development has negative impact on poverty alleviation. The study recommends that commercial banks should widen their scope of operation to reach out to the poverty-prone areas. Moreover, governments should create the enabling environment and formulate and also implement sound policies which can boost poverty alleviation.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes in the existing literature on financial inclusion but presents a dynamic methodology by assessing the dynamic relationship that exists between financial inclusion and poverty alleviation in the region of West Africa.
Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 01-2020 Issue: 1

Investigation of Performance of Solar Powered Water Generator

Research Article
Author(s): S. Sami
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research

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Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate and analyze the performance of solar water generator that produces potable clean water after a dehumidification process. The numerical model presented in this study was established after the conservation of mass and energy equations of the different subsystems of the solar powered water generator. The model was numerically solved under different conditions such as solar radiation, air humidity, air temperature and different air stream flows. the ratings of the dehumidifier are higher of at higher water production rate at lower solar radiation. the results showed that the lower the humidity ratio the higher the evaporator thermal capacity and that the higher the rate of water production the higher the evaporator thermal capacity as well as higher water production was associated with higher air flow and compressor power consumption. In addition, it was concluded that the lower the ambient temperature the higher the hybrid system efficiency and also the hybrid system efficiency increased at lower ambient temperature and higher water production rate. Finally, the predicted results were in fair agreement with experimental data published in the literature.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by presenting a comprehensive numerical model to analyze the parameters that impact the performance of generating water from ambient air. Finally, this mathematical model can be used as design tool for solar power generators at different capacities to produce clean water.
Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Organisation Isomorphism as Determinants of Environmental Management Accounting Practices in Malaysian Public Listed Companies

Research Article
Author(s): Fatin Nabilah Abd Razak, Aliza Ramli, Zarinah Abdul Rasit
Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
Rising environmental issues due to company activities and public demand for a better environment have caused companies to face pressures from their stakeholders. However, in Malaysia, the implementation level of environmental practices is still moderate among public listed companies. This study, therefore, examines organisational isomorphism as the determinant of the extent of environmental management accounting practices by Malaysian public listed companies in the Main Market, based on institutional theory. Coercive, normative and mimetic isomorphisms were taken as the determinants of the extent of usage of environmental management accounting. A survey method was used, consisting of sending an online questionnaire for data collection to Malaysian public listed companies. Statistical analyses were used to analyse the variables. The survey results revealed that these companies have, to a great extent, implemented environmental management accounting. It was also found that coercive isomorphism significantly influenced the environmental management accounting practices of Malaysian public listed companies. This suggests that companies will implement environmentally-related practices with the existence of coercive pressures, derived from government and shareholders. The implementation of environmental management accounting is beneficial in overcoming the problem of traditional management accounting, which fails to incorporate hidden environmental costs. Thus, the empirical findings from the study put forth crucial, specific factors that could aid the government in encouraging companies to become responsible, and to contribute to green initiatives through environmental management accounting practices.
Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that coercive isomorphism via pressure from the government is the most effective way for Malaysian public listed companies to implement environmental management accounting practices.
Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1

Accountability through Integrated Reporting: The Awareness and Challenges in Malaysia

Research Article
Author(s): Nor Farizal Mohammed, Che Fatimah Che Kassim, Nor Aqilah Sutainim, Mira Susanti Amirrudin
Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
Integrated reporting is a form of innovative reporting that has marked another milestone in the financial reporting environment. Integrated reporting promotes integrated thinking and decision making by focusing on the true value drivers of business. As Malaysia is striving to be a global capital market, it is vital for the country to keep in pace with the international development in enhancing transparency and accountability, by moving towards integrated reporting. While the status of integrated reporting is voluntary, integrated reporting in Malaysia is fairly new. Therefore, there is a need to raise the awareness on integrated reporting in the country. The objectives of this paper are twofold: the first objective is to critically analyze the literature of integrated reporting in clarifying the role and form of integrated reporting; and the second objective is to survey on the awareness of Malaysian accountants about integrated reporting. The review of literature clarifies and provides a better platform to understand the concept of integrated reporting. The concept of integrated reporting is not merely a combination of financial reporting and sustainability reporting, instead it is a concise reporting that tells a story of how an organization creates value. The results of the survey revealed that generally, Malaysian accountants are not clear about the concept of integrated reporting. This study contributes by giving insights to the regulators on the state of readiness and awareness of Malaysian accountants regarding the implementation of integrated reporting.
Contribution/ Originality
The objectives of this paper are twofold: the first objective is to critically analyze the literature of integrated reporting in clarifying the role and form of integrated reporting; and the second objective is to survey on the awareness of Malaysian accountants about integrated reporting.
Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 03-2020 Issue: 1

Prioritizing the Factors Which Affect the Selection of Hotels by Consumers Traveling for Vacation with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method

Research Article
Author(s): Ramazan Goral
Journal: Journal of Tourism Management Research

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Abstract
Selection of the best hotel for vacations requires a highly complex decision-making process. This complexity stems from factors including, but not limited to, the products of the hotel, information regarding the hotel and personal preferences. Determining the factors which affect the selection of the hotel by consumers traveling for vacations can improve their satisfaction by providing better quality services. The main purpose of this study is to define the factors which affect the selection of hotels by consumers traveling for vacation and to prioritize these factors from the customers’ viewpoint. Another purpose of this study is to analyze whether these factors vary by gender. In this context, a comprehensive literature research has been done in order to define the factors for selection of hotels. The method of analysis for carried out for this study is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and the data for analysis has been gathered by survey method. The survey has been conducted on a panel of instructors employed at S.U. Bey?ehir Ali Akkanat Campus who travel for vacation at least once a year. Research findings show that prioritizing the factors which affect the selection of hotels can vary by gender. However, putting the role of gender aside, factors which affect consumers the most for their travels for vacation are Safety and Security, Pleasure, Room Facilities; whereas factors which affect the consumers the least are Informing, Parking Lots and Network Services.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the literature in terms of the feature of using AHP method for the first time in determining the importance level of customer-based hotel selection factors, and evaluating whether hotel preference factors differ according to gender. The importance of this study is that it is an attempt to provide researchers and hotel managers with the broadest internationally accepted and applicable hotel selection factors within the scope of the literature reviewed.
Business & Management » Journal of Tourism Management Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Principal Component Analysis for the Quantification of Soil Horizon Carbon Stocks in Relation to Soil Bulk Density

Research Article
Author(s): Ahukaemere, C.M, Obasi, S.N, Egbuche, C.T, Aririguzu, B.N.
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research

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Abstract
Accurate quantification of the changes in carbon stocks of different horizons of the soil profile pit in relation to soil bulk density is a prerequisite to understand the role of soil in the global carbon cycling and climate change mitigation. This paper seeks to draw attention to the carbon storage capacity of the individual soil horizon with particular emphasis on soil bulk density. Three (3) profile pits were dug at equal distance of 100 meters. These profile pits were carefully sampled and analysed in the laboratory using standard methods. Soil data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), regression and coefficient of variation analyses using SPSS. Results showed that A, Ap, AB and Bt were the soil horizons identified in the three different soil profiles at the time of sampling. Bulk density values ranged from 1.43 – 1.66 g cm-3 (mean = 1.49 g cm-3) in profile pit 1, 1.43 – 1.62 g cm-3 (mean = 1.53 g cm-3) in profile pit 2 and 1.15 – 1.64 g cm-3 (mean = 1.40 g cm-3) in profile pit 3 respectively. In profile 1, 2 and 3, the average carbon stock ranged from 4500.6, 3791.67 and 3689.2 g C m-2 respectively. From the PCA results, four variables were observed, they include organic carbon, inorganic carbon, water stable aggregate and carbon stock. The first PC (PC1 = organic carbon) had a value of 0.968, PC2 (inorganic carbon) = 0.968, PC3 (water stable aggregate) = 0.874 and PC4 (carbon stock) = 0.844, indicating positive effects. From the PC plot, the eigenvalues are 3.57, 3.08, 1.78 and 1.10. However, the first PC explains 32.47 % of total variation whiles the second, third and fourth PCs explain 60.47, 76.67 and 86.72 % respectively.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributed substantially to the effective understanding of carbon accumulation in soil in relation to soil compaction; hence, for the comprehension of the exact quantity of carbon accumulated in the soil, accurate measurement of the amount of carbon sequestered by individual natural horizon of the soil profile is imperative.
Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 2

Examining the Impacts of Human Capital Flight on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan

Research Article
Author(s): Muhammad Zeeshan Younas, Ghazala Ahmad
Journal: Review of Knowledge Economy

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Abstract
Human capital is one of the key drivers of economic development and sustainable competitive advantage in the global market. Human capital flight or Brain drain can lead to a permanent impact on the growth process of the country of emigration. Like numerous other developing countries, Pakistan has also been experiencing both the negative and positive consequences of human capital flight. To examine these impacts of international movements on Pakistan economy we retrieved data from different sources. The fundamental objective is to examine the consequences of international migration and its associations with poverty, economic growth, and human development. To keep this in mind, we employed the ARDL approach on three different models for the period of 1975 to 2017. District wise analysis of all provinces states that the international migration is playing a key role in the reduction of poverty level except in KPK. In addition, empirical evidence describes that international migration is positively associated with economic growth and human development while negatively associated with poverty level. The study is concluding that there are enormous potential benefits exists in international migration process because it boosts the economic growth of Pakistan via personal remittances inflow. Likewise, it smoothes out the consumption pattern of ordinary households due to the direct transfer of remittances to them. This monograph is also suggesting some useful policy recommendations for instance, if we export our manpower to highly developed countries then reverse brain drain will encourage the innovation practices along with improvement in economic growth.
Contribution/ Originality
The fundamental objective is to examine the consequences of international migration and its associations with poverty, economic growth, and human development. The study is concluding that there are enormous potential benefits exists in international migration process because it boosts the economic growth of Pakistan via personal remittances inflow.
Business & Management » Review of Knowledge Economy » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Factors Affecting the Individual Stock Price Index (IHSI) Industrial Manufacturing Sector in Indonesia, Automotive Sub Sectors, and Components in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)

Research Article
Author(s): M. Noor Salim, Sutarjo .
Journal: The Economics and Finance Letters

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Abstract
This study aims to examine and analyze: (1) the Effect of Current Ratio (CR), Debt of Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Assets (ROA) and Return On Equity (ROE) on the Individual Stock Price Index (IHSI), ( 2) Effect of Current Ratio (CR), Debt of Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE) and Individual Stock Price Index (IHSI) on Investment (INV), (3) Effect of Price Index Individual Share (IHSI) to Investment (INV). The population of this study is the Manufacturing Industry company in the Automotive and Components Industry sub-sector in Indonesia with an observation period from 2014 to 2018, consisting of a sample of 10 Automotive Industry companies and components. Data analysis techniques in this study used Panel Data Regression analysis, the regression model used was to combine cross-data data with time-series data. The results of data analysis prove that the variable Current Ratio (CR), Debt of Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE) Simultaneous significant positive effect on the Individual Stock Price Index (IHSI), but together with or simultaneously Variable Current Ratio (CR), Debt of Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE) and The Individual Share Price Index (IHSI) has a positive effect significant to Investment (INV), the Individual Stock Price Index (IHSI) variable has no significant impact on Investment (INV) either partially or simultaneously.
Contribution/ Originality
This research contributes to existing literature by examining (1) the Effect of Current Ratio (CR), Debt of Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Assets (ROA) and Return On Equity (ROE) on the Individual Stock Price Index (IHSI), ( 2) Effect of Current Ratio (CR), Debt of Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE) and Individual Stock Price Index (IHSI) on Investment (INV), (3) Effect of Price Index Individual Share (IHSI) to Investment (INV).
Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1