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Listing 12 - 20 of 2806 results.

A Study of Influence of Density on Al-Cu Composition During Compaction Process

Research Article
Author(s): Sudhichan ., K. Raji
Journal: International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research

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Abstract
Powder metallurgy is a technology used for producing machine parts and oil-impregnated bearings from a metal powder. Highly accurate products can be efficiently mass-produced, and for that the powder metallurgy is indispensable particularly in automobile industry. Therefore powder characteristics are important because they often determine the choice of a particular processing route. In general, a mixed powder that is a metal powder is moulded by compression and the resultant green compact is then dewaxed. Subsequently, in powder metallurgy, the compact is sintered at a temperature of about 550 oC.In this sintering process, the mixed metal powder forms an alloy, thereby increasing the strength of the compact. It is done under a protective atmosphere with or without fusion of a low melting point constituent only so as to develop metallic or metal like bodies with satisfactory strength, density and without losing the essential shape [1]. A cutting operation is then performed on the resultant sintered compact. Metal powders are produced in various methods such as atomization, shotting, stamping and ball milling but pot mill is preferable. Spherical and dendritic metal powders are produced by atomization methods and flake shaped metal powders are produced by ball milling method.  For the investigation purpose a quantity of copper powder is added to aluminium powder and mixed well by using pot mill to get homogeneous mixture. The aim of this paper is to establish the correlation among flow rate, compaction and sintering process and densities of compact of 3 % of Cu in Al.
Contribution/ Originality


Chemistry & Materials Sciences » International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research » Month: 02-2014 Issue: 2

Contrastive Linguistic English Phonology Vs. Arabic Phonology

Research Article
Author(s): Mona M. Hamad
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice

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Abstract
Phonology is a wide area of study in any language specially English &Arabic Language, it needs books to cover every single part of these languages. This review paper aims at providing Arab learners and English learners with stem footnotes of these two languages in area of phonology, to ease their learning of English and Arabic languages as foreign or second language, this review paper provide learners with the main differences and rules of English and Arabic languages alphabets that the researcher gathered during her teaching of English language to Arab speakers. The information in this paper is presented in a comparative systematic order to be beneficial for researchers to add in the same area (Phonology) and to do further studies in the fields of: 1- Morphology.  2- Syntax .3- Super segmental.
Contribution/ Originality


Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4

Education and Poverty Alleviation: Problems and Prospects

Research Article
Author(s): Adesina A.D.O
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice

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Abstract
Education is seen as an instrument of development in all ramifications of our life. Efforts have been made by the Nigerian governments to bring about good education to Nigerians. Innovations have been made and huge amount of money have been expended on the execution of education policies. Although several governments and individuals efforts are daily proposed, the government is seen here as not measuring up to the standard in complementing the teachers’ efforts towards bringing about good citizens that would make Nigeria conductive for both political and economic development. This is believed to be the cogs in the wheels of alleviating poverty among the Nigerian masses. To achieve our national goals, Social studies education must be complemented by the government efforts. Suggestions were therefore made along the line. The belief is that there cannot be conductive atmosphere for political and proper economic development if proper moral education is not given a place in our society. Economic and political development would in turn alleviate the poverty of many Nigerians.
Contribution/ Originality


Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 05-2014 Issue: 5

GGE and Ammi Biplot Analysis for Field PEA Yield Stability in Snnpr State, Ethiopia

Research Article
Author(s): Yayis Rezene, Agdew Bekele, Yasin Goa
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research

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Abstract
The experiment was conducted for two consecutive years across four locations using 16 field pea genotypes. The objective of this paper is to determine the magnitude of genotype by environment interactionand performance stability of genotypes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression of genotype on the environmental mean, AMMI analysis, ASV estimation and GGE biplot analysis were carried out following their respective procedures. Pooled analysis of variance for grain yield showed significance differences among genotypes, environments and G xE interaction. This implied genotypes differently responded to change in environments. Both ASV and AMMI biplot analysis showed the same result in identifying the widely adapted genotypes. Genotypes IG-51700 and SAR-FB-61 were the best adapted ones in this experiment for wide scale recommendation in field pea growing areas while Genotype FP-Milky was better adapted variety in the high potential areas, like Angecha, which is already under production. Based on the GGE biplot analysis, Angecha o4 environment is more discriminating environment than others for the superior genotype selection. Location-wise Waka provided little or no information about the genotypic differences, therefore, should not be considered as test environments for field pea yield trials. Angecha, Hosanna and Bule can be efficiently used for filed pea multi-environment yield trials provided that they are further confirmed by multi-year experimental data. 
Contribution/ Originality


Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 03-2014 Issue: 1

Do it Helps SMEs Gain Better Performance: A Conceptual Analysis on RBV Theory

Research Article
Author(s): Wan Nur Syahida Wan Ismail, Mohd Zulkifli Mokhtar, Azwadi Ali, Mohd Shaari Abdul Rahman
Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability

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Abstract
Nowadays, competition is everywhere in the business environment. The survival of Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) depend on their ability to take full advantage of the resources available. Prior research had identified that IT is an important resource to the success of the firms. However, despite the common consensus that IT influences firm’s performance, results of previous studies on the effect of IT resources on firm’s performance are often inconsistent.  Given these inconsistent results, it is unclear whether any direct effect exists between IT resources in organizations and their firm’s performance. For that reason, several authors highlighted the need for more research to investigate the impact of IT adoption on the firm’s performance. In response to this, this conceptual paper attempts to analyze relevant literatures on whether IT investment would help firms gain better performance. Understanding whether and how IT has affected firm’s performance is an important research issue as it allows the firms to know the value of IT investment and whether such innovation is worth to be adopted.  Grounding in RBV theory, this study concluded that the combination of IT assets and IT capabilities (IT infrastructure) provides competitive advantage to the firm.  This study also suggested that SMEs that adopt IT would perform better than those that do not adopt IT.  This conceptual analysis is hoped to consolidate the body of knowledge in the area and significant to the researchers as it directs to the hypotheses development for future research.
Contribution/ Originality


Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 05-2014 Issue: 5

Interactive Relationship between Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction, Organisational Citizenship Behaviour, and Organizational Commitment in Nigerian Universities

Research Article
Author(s): B.M. Nwibere
Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability

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Abstract
The study examined the interactive relationship between job involvement, job satisfaction, organisational commitment citizenship behaviour (OCB) and organisational commitment among employees of Nigerian universities. The sample for the study consisted of two hundred and ten academic members of staff (210) from five (5) Federal Government owned universities in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. The study utilized both quantitative data (questionnaire) and qualitative data (interview). The Multiple Regression Model using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18 were utilized for the analysis of data. The findings revealed that job involvement had a strong positive and significant relationship with organisational commitment and OCB. Although the relationship between job involvement and employees job satisfaction was also positive, it was however weak. Similarly, job satisfaction was revealed to have a positive and significant relationship with organisational commitment and OCB. Finally, organisational commitment was revealed to have a positive and significant relationship with OCB. Based on the findings above, it was concluded that as an employee develops a favourable attitude toward one aspect of the job based on unique experiences (e.g job involvement), such an employee is also likely to react favourably to other related aspects of the job (e.g job satisfaction, organisational commitment, OCB and organisational commitment). Thus, employees who are involved in their job, for example, are likely to be satisfied with the job, become committed to their organization and by extension exhibit OCBs. Similarly, employees who are dissatisfied with their job may become less involved in the work, less committed to their employer and organisation and lack OCBs. Other managerial implications of these findings were also discussed.
Contribution/ Originality


Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 6

Impact of Food Beverage Price Index and Exchange Rate Volatility on Economic Growth

Research Article
Author(s): Onasanya Olanrewaju k, Adeniji Oyebimpe Emmanuel
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management

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Abstract
Many factors such as money supply, exchange rate, interest rate, gross domestic product, inflation rate, unemployment rate, frictional unemployment and other flow variables have great impact on economic growth rate. These factors have significant effect on capital movement, business outlook and economic development. Over past decades, numerous studies have used these variables to investigate their impact on economic growth especially using the econometric approach. Results obtained from such studies have motivated further research. However, this research seeks to address the impact of food, beverage price index and exchange rate volatility on economic growth using annual time series data for the period: 1980 to 2010. The research entailed the use of three different unit root test techniques, Engle Granger step procedure for cointegration test, vector error correction mechanism, variance decomposition, Johansen trace test, impulse response function, Engle Granger causality test and vector auto regression. The research findings reveal that Argumented Dickey Fuller test method was the best method to identify Stationarity at 2nd difference i.e. I (2). A long run relationship was found to exist among the variables since the error of the cointegrating regression was stationary, and a singleton of long run relationship was found based on the result obtained from Johansen trace test. An independent causality was observed among the variables i.e. lagged values of real exchange rate and food beverage price index do not correlate with the lagged values of real gross domestic product rate. Statistical and positive / negative relationships were observed for real exchange rate and food beverage price index respectively. Real exchange rate has a significant effect on real gross domestic product in both long and short runs while food beverage price index has a significant effect in short run but a slight effect on real gross domestic product in long run. Short run disequilibrium was exhibited by vector error correction indicating that at about 90.1% the error will be corrected in the next period which shows that real gross domestic product will converge to its equilibrium when there is a sudden change or shock between real exchange rate and food, beverage price index. 
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 07-2014 Issue: 7

Business Ethics in Insurance Industry in Nigeria

Research Article
Author(s): Isimoya O.
Journal: International Journal of Management and Sustainability

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Abstract
This study  conceptually x-rayed the insurance practice in Nigeria, particularly the non-adherence to business ethics philosophy in their operations. Though Nigeria potentially has the largest insurance market in the African continent, she trails behind South Africa, Egypt, and Morocco in insurance market premium volume in 2011. This study revealed that unethical practices holds sway in the industry, resulting in lost of confidence, poor insurance patronage and stunted growth for insurance industry. Drawing from the theoretical perspectives of business ethics, we recommend the adoption of business ethical relationship philosophy by Nigeria insurance industry, if she is to be liberated from her current economic doldrums.  
Contribution/ Originality


Business & Management » International Journal of Management and Sustainability » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 6

Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Achieving Desire BA in the Biotransformation of Benzaldehyde Using Free Cells of Saccharomyces Cerevisae and the Effect of Β-Cyclodextrin

Research Article
Author(s): T. F. Adepoju, Olawale O, Ojediran O. J, S. K. Layokun
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research

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Abstract
This work dwells on the production of benzene alcohol (BA) from the biotransformation of benzaldehyde using free cells of Saccharomyces cerevisae and effects of β-Cyclodextrin. Meanwhile, the properties of BA produced was evaluated. The effects of five variables considered in this research work were evaluated using RSM and ANN. The root mean square error, the coefficient of determination, the adjusted coefficient of determination and the predicted values were used to compare the performance of the RSM and ANN models. The RMSE and R2 of RSM and ANN were 2.00 and 0.0739; 0.9898 and 0.99206, respectively. The R2 adj. and the predicted values of RSM and ANN were found to be 0.98416 and 0.9889 and 327.259 mg/100 ml and 351.50 mg/100 ml. The quality of BA showed that at room temperature, BA was colourless liquid with density 1.030 kg/dm3, the boiling point and refractive index was found to be 204 ± 2 0C and 1.5453, respectively. The results indicated the ANN model to have higher predictive capability than RSM model.  Thus, the ANN methodology presents a better alternative than the RSM model. The quality of produced BA was found to be in line with Analytic grade values. 
Contribution/ Originality


Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 03-2014 Issue: 1

Solvent Extraction of Oil from Soursop Oilseeds & its Quality Characterization

Research Article
Author(s): Adepoju T. F., Olawale O., Okunola A. A, Olatunji E. M.
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research

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Abstract
 This study focused on optimization of oil extraction from Soursop oilseeds using Box-Behnken design an allied of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), it also examine the physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of the oil. Based on the design, 17 experimental runs were conducted to investigate the effects of variables and their reciprocal interactions on the oil yield. A quadratic polynomial and the ANOVA test showed the model to be remarkably significant (p< 0.05). A statistical model predicted the highest oil yield to be 34.6074% (w/w) at the optimal condition of X1 = 38.10 min, X2 = 30.00g and X3 = 100 ml. The experiment was validated as 33.593% (w/w) of oil. The fatty acid profile of the oil revealed the oil to be highly unsaturated (73.42%).  The physicochemical properties of extracted oil revealed that the oil is edible and could serve as feedstock for many industrial applications. This may provide useful information regarding the development of economic and efficient processes using solvent extraction method.
Contribution/ Originality


Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2

Development of Solar Energy in Sabah Malaysia: The Case of Trudgill’s Perception

Research Article
Author(s): Jamalludin Sulaiman, Azlinda Azman, Behnaz Saboori
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research

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Abstract
Solar energy in Malaysia was first introduced as one of the five fuels in electricity generation through the Fifth Fuel Policy in 2001. However, the current real harnessing of available solar sources is still below its actual potential. This study examined the non-technical barriers towards solar energy implementation in Sabah located on the Borneo Island on eastern part of Malaysia. Following the theoretical framework, the proposed non-technical barriers are agreement, knowledge, technological, economic, social and political. The results of the study showed that awareness and economics are among the two significant barriers in solar energy implementation in Sabah. This necessitates more appropriate energy and financial policies to help public acceptance of solar energy sources for electricity generation in the region. 
Contribution/ Originality


Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 2

Professor: The Animal Planet Optimization

Research Article
Author(s): Satish Gajawada
Journal: Review of Environment and Earth Sciences

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Abstract
This paper is dedicated to everyone who is interested in making this planet a better place to live. In the past, researchers have explored behavior of several animals separately. But there is scope to explore in the direction where various artificial animals together solve the optimization problem.  In this paper, Satish Gajawada  proposed The AnimalPlanet Optimization. The concept of this paper is to imitate all the animals on this planet. The idea is to solve the optimization problem where all the artificial animals together solve the problem.
Contribution/ Originality
In this paper an attempt has been made to design an optimization algorithm based on several animals. Although in literature, animals are imitated separately to create optimization algorithms but there is lot of scope to explore in direction where several animals are imitated together in single optimization algorithm. One such algorithm has been designed in this paper.

Energy & Environmental Sciences » Review of Environment and Earth Sciences » Month: 06-2014 Issue: 1

Cross-Cultural Leadership Intelligence: Recommendations for Kenya

Research Article
Author(s): Robert W. Service, David L. Loudon, Kavore Kariuki
Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
All leaders can improve their cultural intelligence (CQ) and every country can modify cultural norms toward advancing economically.  CQ enables more effective cross-cultural leadership in the global economy.  Based on analysis of the literature, experiences and survey results, our CQ recommendations start with self-assessment as key to successful cross-cultural interactions.  In cross-cultural situations one must start by slowing down in order to develop more keen abilities to reflect on behaviors in order to generalize from what one discovers.  Mental model development and flexibility, psychological hardness, curiosity, strategic thinking, and motivation all direct enhanced leadership across cultures.  Aspiring cross-cultural leaders need guidelines for improvement. To meet these needs this paper builds on multiple-intelligence, leadership and crossing cultures research in order to propose useful global leadership models.  The paper’s original contributions are: 1) guidelines for enhancing and selecting cross-cultural leaders; and, 2) “starting” point-example precepts for boosting economic development in Kenya.  
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4

Improved Performance Through Empowerment of Small Industry

Research Article
Author(s): Chamdan Purnama
Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
This research is intended to study how does the implementation of education and training, government assistance, business partnership, and government regulation effect business ability and business success? The sample of this research 174 small business units in east java province and selected by using stratified cluster sampling technique. Applying structural equation modeling analysis, the research findings are as follow. First, education and training with indicator charisma an instructor, instructor team cooperation, accuracy of method teach, motivation follow,according to its items have an effect on positive tobusiness ability but have not an effect to success of small business with indicator production efficiency and production extension. Second, government assistancewith indicator, technical assistance, guidance, management, financial and tuitionhaving an effect on positive  toability and success of small. Third, business partnershipwith indicator, trade cooperation, network, contract sub, technological cooperation and vendorhave an effect on positive tobusiness ability with indicator attitude, emotional intelligence, skill and knowledge  but have not an effect to success of small business. Fourth, regulation of governmentwith indicator, quota, tariff, licensing and market information have an effect on positive tobusiness ability with indicator attitude, emotional intelligence, skill and knowledge but have not an effect to success of small business with indicator production efficiency and production extension. Fifth, business ability have an effect to success of small business.From the finding 1 to 5, the researcher conclude that, to increase small business successis needed five variables observed (education and training, assistance, partnership, and regulation and business ability) and to increase business abilityis needed of the four variables observed (education and training, assistance, partnership, and regulation).
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4

Challenges of Human Rights Abuses in Nigerian Democratic Governance – Which Way Forward ?

Research Article
Author(s): Adetoro Rasheed Adenrele, Omiyefa Muraina Olugbenga
Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was unanimously adopted and proclaimed by the United Nations through the General Assembly Resolution 217A(111) on the 10th of December, 1948. Since its declaration, it has become fashionable for most countries of the world (Nigeria inclusive) to entrench the catalogue of rights in their national constitutions. Regrettably, in Nigeria and indeed in Africa, people are usually subjected to physical and mental torture. The case of accidental discharges, domestic violence, detention without trial, kidnappings, and police brutality are common occurrences. In short, the Nigerian experience has shown the level at which peoples’ integrity and dignity are not respected and protected in the society. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines the challenges of human rights abuses in Nigeria. It also explores some conceptual clarifications and further examines various threats to human rights in Nigerian society. The paper concludes by recommending among others, the strengthening of independence of the judiciary, press freedom, democratic rules/principles, human rights education and public vigilance to curtail human rights abuses and promote good governance in Nigeria.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 05-2014 Issue: 5

Metered and Unmetered Billing: How Asymmetric are the Phcn Bills?

Research Article
Author(s): C. Chris Ofonyelu, Eguabor, R. E.
Journal: Journal of Social Economics Research

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Abstract
This study provides evidence on the existence of asymmetries in the metering of electricity by the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) between January 2005 and November, 2013.Using Chiappori-Salanie correlation statistics and data from the response of 720 electricity consumers and 524 PHCN bills within the Benin Electricity Distribution Company, the study observed that the electricity bills were asymmetric. The asymmetries were observed for both the metered and unmetered consumers over the period. For the metered consumers, the asymmetry was more prevalent for the analogue than the prepaid meter users. The asymmetry existed mainly through procurement of meter in the case of the prepaid meter users. The study argues that estimated billings by the PHCN give room for asymmetry and overprices energy consumptions. The study suggests a prepaid metering of all electricity consumers in Nigeria.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » Journal of Social Economics Research » Month: 05-2014 Issue: 5

An Inventory Model with Lost Sale is Time Dependent

Research Report
Author(s): Ying-Chieh Chen, Po-Yu Chen
Journal: The Economics and Finance Letters

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Abstract
In this paper, we shall construct an inventory model with partially backlogged shortage and Poisson demand. In the shortage period, we assume that lost sale is dependent on the length of waiting time. Under these assumptions, we find the optimal planning and shortage periods such that the expected profit per unit time is maximized. Also, we can estimate the optimal expected backordered quantity and the expected order quantity.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4

Long-Run Relationships and Causality Tests Between Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in India

Research Article
Author(s): Masoud Ali Khalid, Alhaji Bukar Mustapha
Journal: The Economics and Finance Letters

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Abstract
Economists recognize that the public expenditure has an impact on economic growth. The rising level of military spending over other classes of public expenditure like economic and social services has raised a serious concern among scholars and have been at the core of recent development literature and thinking.   In this study, we focus on to reexamine the effects of military spending on economic growth in India using annual data from the period of 1980 to 2011. The analysis is carried out within a multivariate setting that includes real GDP, real government military expenditure, population and real export.. In this paper, the autoregressive distributive lags (ARDL) cointegration approach is used to reexamine the long-run relationships among the variables. We then employ the Granger causality test to identify the direction of causality. The results for ARDL tests indicate that there is a significant relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in the short run, while the long run results suggest otherwise. While the estimated granger causality outcomes, revealed a unidirectional relationship between GDP and military spending.
Contribution/ Originality


Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 04-2014 Issue: 4

The Consent Process in Clinical Research: An Insight into Developing Countries

Research Article
Author(s): Adeela Arooj, Deena Zainab
Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
Informed consent is an integral part of Research Ethics. A transparent consent is vital to safeguard the rights of research participants. However, the recommendations for obtaining consent differ according to cultural context. This paper has discussed some of the disputed aspects of informed consent and has proposed some recommendations. Finally, it is concluded that a relational autonomy model is an appropriate choice to obtain a culturally relevant consent in developing countries rather than a formal written consent.
Contribution/ Originality


Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 3

Comparing and Contrasting the Concept of the Intellect between Classical Muslim Philosophers with Modern Cognitive Psychologists: A Definitional Reflection

Research Article
Author(s): Ssuna Salim, Syahrul Faizaz Abdullah
Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
The concept of the intellect greatly attracted Classical Muslim Philosophers and still attracts the attention of the Modern Cognitive Psychologists as well. A lot of scientific as well as non-scientific studies and researches have been carried out; unfortunately, this concept is still one of the most misunderstood concepts of human nature. The study presented and analyzed the opinions of the two groups, emphasizing their definition and understanding of what the intellect is, and what it entails, this culminated into a critical analysis of its relationship to knowledge production and acquisition. This is a qualitative study and it utilized textual analysis methodology. The study noted sharp differences in the definition and understanding of the intellect between Classical Muslim Philosophers whose understanding was mainly based on the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet,  (pbuh) while Modern Cognitive Psychologists understanding was mainly based on personal opinions, observations and reasoning. The study views that this concept will continue to be misunderstood and vaguely defined since it is abstract in nature, a better and a sound understanding can be reached through authentic revealed knowledge. 
Contribution/ Originality


Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 09-2014 Issue: 3