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Listing 124 - 20 of 2806 results.

Plant Diversity and Regeneration Potentials in Protected Area Forests of Sierra Leone

Research Article
Author(s): Moses Fayiah, Shikui, Dong, Sanjah Singh, Roberto Xavier Supe Tulcan, Kadijatu Sheriff, Ibrahim Robinson Kargbo, Abdulai Barrie
Journal: Current Research in Agricultural Sciences

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Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) around the globe are considered a reservoir for biodiversity conservation and an engine for ecosystem function and services. The regeneration potential of tropical forests in (PAs) is crucial to plant diversity survival and conservation, amid climate change in the 21st century. The PAs conservation and management status of Sierra Leone is uncertain. This study assessed the seedlings, saplings, and trees species diversity, abundance, richness and regeneration status of tropical forests in four PAs across Sierra Leone. We sampled 60 quadrats in total with each having a dimension of 20m × 20m. We found only a few new species with good regeneration potential in all the forest PAs were assessed, indicating that the resilience of these forests is quite low in the face of anthropogenic activities especially shifting cultivation and logging. Plant diversity index and soil factors were positively correlated, indicating that a decrease or increase in soil physical and chemical properties could affect speciation. The results show that diameter class distribution mainly falls within the 0-30cm category. Furthermore, abiotic factors (like precipitation and temperature), species richness, ecosystem complexity and over story were predicted to have influenced the regeneration and flora diversity of the PAs forests significantly. The results imply that PAs in Sierra Leone are going through serious exploitation and as such, plant diversity and richness is low and the regeneration ability is poor due to weak conservation strategies and approaches. It recommended that strategic planning and forest enrichment policies be instituted to mitigate future PAs forest exploitation.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the few studies that investigate plant diversity, regeneration and soil properties across PAs in Sierra Leone. The research contributes to the existing literatures in PAs and their ecosystem characteristics. The article concludes that; PAs in Sierra Leone plant diversity and richness and regeneration ability is low.
Agricultural Sciences » Current Research in Agricultural Sciences » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

Utilization of Health Care Services among Migrant Workers in Malaysia

Research Article
Author(s): Md. Sayed Uddin, Rulia Akhtar, Muhammad Mehedi Masud, Qazi Muhammad Adnan Hye
Journal: Humanities and Social Sciences Letters

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Abstract
The underutilization of formal health services is a common scenario among migrants that leads to the development of serious medical conditions. This study aims to examine the influence of socio-demographic factors on the use of health services among Bangladeshi migrant workers in Malaysia. It employed Andersen’s ‘population characteristics framework’ behavioral model, which is based on a quantitative method. A questionnaire was developed to collect relevant information through face-to-face interviews from respondents involved in the construction, manufacturing, and service sectors. The results revealed that the majority of Bangladeshi workers were not consistent in visiting doctors, hospitals, or clinics when they experienced illness in the past year. The theoretical implication of Andersen’s behavioral model comprising predisposing and need factors was found to be significantly and positively associated with the use of health services. The findings indicated that predisposing factors including marital status and education, and need factors, including self-rated health status, sickness, and chronic illness in the previous year, had the greatest impact on healthcare utilization. However, there was no significant relationship between respondents’ ages and their utilization of healthcare services during their stay in Malaysia. Finally, the study suggests that adequate measures should be taken to provide pre-departure training related to the existing healthcare system in Malaysia, including health insurance cover and extension of services to future migrant workers.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature on the utilization of healthcare services among Bangladeshi migrant workers in Malaysia. This study reveals that marital status and educational level have greater influence and a positive impact on the use of services at various healthcare providers in Malaysia.
Social Sciences » Humanities and Social Sciences Letters » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 4

Contribution of Ready-Made Garments Industry on the Economic Development of Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis

Research Article
Author(s): Shapan Chandra Majumder, Jannatul Ferdaus
Journal: The Economics and Finance Letters

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Abstract
The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry holds a strong position in boosting Bangladesh’s economy through earning external currencies, contributing in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and generating employment most notably. Secondary data based this study intended to draw the overall scenario and the growth trend of this industry, mainly to empirically analyze the contribution of ready-made garments industry on the economic development of Bangladesh. The results obtained from the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) model reveal that, ready-made garments export significantly increases gross domestic product growth of Bangladesh. Results of Granger causality test affirmed the appearance of bidirectional causal association between gross domestic product growth and ready-made garments export. Though tremendous growth is achieved in last few decades, but some severe problems are prevailing in this sector those are highly responsible for the declining trend of the contribution of ready-made garments export to Bangladesh’s gross domestic product for last five years. Therefore, it is highly recommended to take initiatives for attracting foreign direct investments, making investment friendly monetary and fiscal policies, minimizing dependency on foreign countries for technical and financial support and most importantly for ensuring the safety of workplace.
Contribution/ Originality
The paper’s primary contribution is finding that export of RMG has a significant positive impact on the economic development of Bangladesh employing FMOLS technique and this finding may be beneficial for the RMG industry to initiate imperative steps to produce international quality standard products for more export earnings.
Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

The Financial Decentralization Policy for Local Development in Cameroon: An Econometric Analysis

Research Article
Author(s): Gerard TCHOUASSI, Pierre Patrick DZOU
Journal: Journal of Empirical Studies

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Abstract
The objective of this article is to show the effectiveness of financial decentralization policy in the process of local development. In order to do so, we analyze the financial decentralization as a determinant of the effectiveness of local development in Cameroon. To achieve the main objective, we have used the data grouped together after the exploitation of the communal development plans. Using the Data Environment Analysis (DEA) model, we have obtained interesting results: When the budget allocated to decentralized territorial collectivities (DTC) is increased by 1%, this makes possible an increase of 13 points of the achievement of non-revenue generating projects and by11 points, those of income-generating projects at the level of DTC. When the budget increases by 10 points, there is an increase of 130 points of the achievements of non-revenue generating projects and 110 points of those of income-generating projects. The increase of financial resources at the level of DTCs would create a reasonable increase of investments in socio collective projects and in basic infrastructures. This leads to a drastic reduction in the unemployment rate. We can recommend to the Government to implement strategies that can reinforce the practice of financial decentralization and ensure decentralized governance. The financial decentralization is an economic indicator that can bring growth and development.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to econometrically analyzing the effectiveness of financial decentralization policy in the process of local development.
Economics » Journal of Empirical Studies » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Creative Marketing and Innovative Branding: An Effective Way to Attract Customers

Research Article
Author(s): Mofasser Rahman, Sajeeb Saha, Sauda Afrin Anny, Sharmin Afrin, Tanjina Afrin, Iqramul Haq
Journal: The Economics and Finance Letters

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Abstract
Recently, the demand and application of creative marketing and innovative branding have been increased surprisingly because of its ability to grab the attention of customers more quickly than any other media. The objective of this study is to investigate the dimension of effectiveness in creative marketing and innovative branding to attract customer in the tourism and hospitality industry of Bangladesh. Purposive sampling was applied to take a sample of 150 including 117 customers and 33 service providers of the tourism and hospitality industry of Bangladesh. Descriptive analysis, chi-square goodness of fit, chi-square test of independence, and binary logistic regression were performed to obtain the purpose of the study. In the bivariate test (chi-square test of independence) all of creative marketing and innovative branding strategies and tools were found significantly effective to attract customers in that specific industry. But binary logistic regression analysis identified only launching mobile apps and promoting Bangladesh’s tourism is significant for customer attraction in the tourism and hospitality industry of Bangladesh among different creative marketing and innovative branding strategies and tools. Bangladesh tourism and hospitality industry should practice creative marketing and innovative branding tools and strategies to attract more customers.
Contribution/ Originality
The paper`s primary contribution is to investigate the dimension of effectiveness in creative marketing and innovative branding to attract customer in the tourism and hospitality industry. The findings of the study will provide some useful marketing and branding strategies and tools for the tourism and hospitality industry of Bangladesh.
Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

Production of Pectin as a Relevant Tool for by-Products Management Resulting from Four Tropical Edible Fruits Processing: Extraction Yield, Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Pectin Powder

Research Article
Author(s): Bio Sigui Bruno BAMBA, Joelle-Annabelle GOUIN, Esaie Kouadio Appiah KOUASSI, Ayemene Cedrick Ardin KOMENAN, Hermance AKRE, Doudjo SORO, Yade Rene SORO
Journal: International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research

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Abstract
The appropriate re-use ways of fruit processing by-products remains a central concern for scientist and industry, especially in the current context of circular economy. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the valorization of four most processing fruit peel (orange peel, lemon, grapefruit, and avocado) into pectin as well as compare to commercial ones. The pectin yield and their physicochemical properties including ash content, water content, pH, titratable acidity and functional properties, in term of solubility and viscosity, were determined. The increasing fraction of lemon pectin was incorporated to two garden soil (black and arable) and their water holding capacity were also evaluated. The hydrochloric acid extraction method was performed to extract pectin. The results revealed that lemon peel pectin yield (25.80 %) was higher than those of orange (19.1%) followed by grapefruit (16.36%) and avocado (2.93%). Furthermore, commercial and orange peel pectin showed the highest (43.01±1.06 g/100g w.b) and the lowest (13.33±0.31 g/100g w.b) moisture contents respectively. In addition, orange peel pectin had the highest pH (2.98) similar to that of commercial pectin (3.00). Moreover, grapefruit and orange peel pectin demonstrated the highest water solubility values (? 55 g/100g w.d) while lemon pectin was found to be the most viscous (1.50±0.02 mPa.s) and avocado the less viscous (0.11±0.01 mPa.s). In addition, when incorporated to garden soils, lemon pectin increase soils water retention capacity. This trend was found to be high for black soil.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the few studies which have investigated the adding value appropriate technique for four most processing fruit by-products through pectin extraction. It also demonstrates that mixing the extracted pectin to garden soil enhance their water retention capacity, thus avoiding drastic losses during watering.
Engineering » International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Insect Activities and their Impact on the Yield of Abelmoschus esculentus L ( Malvaceae) in Bambili ( Mezam - Cameroon)

Research Article
Author(s): Otiobo Atibita Esther Nadine, Lukong Anmarie Wirmai, Fotso ., Tita Margaret Awah, Theresia Nkuo-Akenji
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research

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Abstract
Experiments were made to evaluate the impact of the flowering insect activity on Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) pod and seed yields. Their foraging and pollination activities were examined in Bambili from September 2019 to February 2020. Treatments included open ?oral access to all visitors (treatment 1) and bagging of ?owers to avoid all visits (treatment 2). Observations were made on 30 ?owers per treatment. The Insect foraging behavior, their rhythm of activity, the fruiting rate and the mean number of seeds per pod were recorded. The results show that three insect species visited A. esculentus flowers. Lipotriches collaris was the most common species with 76.40 %, followed by Apis mellifera (19.10%) and Musca domestica (4.49%). Insects foraged throughout the day light period. Their activity was highest between 9 am and 12 pm Insect species foraged the flowers for pollen and nectar. Comparing the yields of the two treatments, it appeared that insect visits increase the number of fruits per plant, the average number of seeds per fruit and the percentage of normal seeds by 42.27%, 17.39% and 22.88%. The maintenance of insect nest close to A. esculentus field is recommended to improve the seed production of okra.
Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution is finding that the insect associated with A. esculentus flowers can be exploited in Cameroon agricultural program to increase the agricultural outputs especially in bambili area.
Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 4

Determinant of Indonesian Plantation Industry Investment ERA 4.0

Research Article
Author(s): M. Noor Salim, Darwati Susilastuti, Wahyu Murti
Journal: The Economics and Finance Letters

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Abstract
The plantation management, its performance are determined by its productivity which is influenced by both internal and external factors. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and infrastructure on plantation investment in Indonesia, to determine which factors are dominant in plantation investment, and to determine the effect of plantation investment on the gross domestic product of plantations in Indonesia. The method of determining the research area was carried out purposively, namely plantations in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from annual data from 1990 to 2019 with OLS multiple linear regression data analysis methods. The results of this research are that simultaneously, the variables of inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and infrastructure have a significant effect on plantation investment in Indonesia. Partially, the inflation and interest rate variables have a negative non-significant effect on investment, while the exchange rate and infrastructure variables have a positive significant effect on plantation investment. Infrastructure is a dominant factor. Investment has a positive significant effect on plantation GDP. The findings of his research are that plantation investment is resistant to shocks from fluctuations in inflation and interest rates. The increase in the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar provides benefits for foreign investment. Infrastructure as a dominant factor is an attraction and a driver for investment. Investment has a strong and large contribution to the formation of GDP for plantations and their productivity.
Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution is finding that the driver and attractor of plantation investment is infrastructure. The originality of this study is to examine the effect of macroeconomic factors i.e. inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and infrastructure on long-term investment in the plantation industries.
Economics » The Economics and Finance Letters » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1

Brexit Calling! Aftermath in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Research Article
Author(s): Haritini Tsangari, Ioanna Mantara
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management

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Abstract
This paper aims to examine the impact of the Brexit referendum on the financial performance of the pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom. We analyze daily data for the period 1/2000-10/2019, for the two largest British pharmaceutical firms, GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca, as well as two European competitors, the Swiss Novartis and the German Bayer. We perform returns and volatility analysis, financial ratio analysis and regression analysis. Our empirical results are heterogeneous among firms, pinpointing strengths and weaknesses of the pharmaceutical firms. The Brexit decision has had a significant, positive effect on the stock returns of the two British firms, a negative effect for Bayer and no effect for Novartis, while lagged returns are significant only for the European firms. At least in the short-run, both British firms have gained considerably from the depreciation of the sterling and should aim to expand their overseas network and avoid prospective trade barriers and regulatory issues.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the effect of the Brexit decision on a highly profitable sector, looking at the consequences from many different perspectives, employing various statistical techniques and focusing not only on the pharmaceutical companies in the United Kingdom, but their competitors as well.
Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 02-2021 Issue: 2

Jordanian EFL Students Use of English Color Terms in Collocations

Research Article
Author(s): Sana Ababneh
Journal: International Journal of Education and Practice

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Abstract
The present study addresses a significant but neglected aspect of vocabulary teaching in general and teaching collocations, in particular, which is color term collocations. A significant number of idioms involve use color terms such as blue blood, black death, red tape, black sheep, and yellow press that are significant to study in the context of foreign language teaching. This study dealt with teaching color term collocations that are essence of language teaching/learning and translation. A multiple-choice test was used as the main instrument of this study. The sample of the study consisted of 94 Jordanian EFL students. Results obtained from the study showed that students’ performance in the test was weak. Moreover, the statements that had the black color terms were the most successfully addressed ones while the least correctly tackled ones were those related to the yellow color term. The data also showed that neither the students' gender nor their academic degree level had significantly affected their performance in the test. The study also revealed that the teaching of this component of vocabulary teaching was much neglected, which could be due to students’ insufficient knowledge regarding this respect in learning English as a foreign language.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies that have investigated the background knowledge of Jordanian EFL students in English collocational color terms. It showed that this area in needs more attention since it is vital not only in language teaching but also in translation studies.
Arts and Education » International Journal of Education and Practice » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 4

Some Non-Linear Problems in Accounting and Finance: Can we Apply Regression?

Research Article
Author(s): John Ogwang
Journal: International Journal of Business, Economics and Management

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Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that many decision problems in accounting and finance can be better modeled by non-linear models in practice. However, existing literatures have also shown that managers and decision makers are not very conversant with non-linear models as compared to linear models because of the simplicity of linear models. In this paper, attempts are made to transform some non-linear models in accounting and finance which conform to exponential and power functions to their equivalent linear forms. The resulting equivalent linear models are subjected to regression analysis. The paper documents interesting practical non-linear problems in accounting and finance where it is possible to apply regression, and provides technical interpretations of coefficients of resulting regression equations. Some non-linear problems which have been documented in this analysis include; depreciation of non-current assets, the learning curve model, life cycle costing, compounding, discounting and exponential growth bias. Although logarithmic transformation of non- linear functions is not a novel idea in literature of accounting and finance, there is no evidence in literature that scholars have proposed particular cases in finance and accounting where these linear transformations and their resulting regression equations would yield meaningful results that can enhance management decision making. This paper fills this gap by documenting practical non-linear problems in finance and accounting where linearization and subsequent application of regression analysis generates useful results for management decision making purposes.
Contribution/ Originality
In the literature of accounting and finance specifically; firstly, this paper originates new formulae for some non-linear problems. Secondly, it’s among very few papers which examined regression of non-linear problems. Thirdly, this is the first paper to document practical cases where regression of log transformed variables generates useful results.
Economics » International Journal of Business, Economics and Management » Month: 02-2021 Issue: 2

A Field Study on the Relationship between Personality and Professional Commitment

Research Article
Author(s): Omur Ucar, Asli Ersoy, Akin Aksu, V.Ruya Ehtiyar
Journal: International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences

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Abstract
The study aims to reveal the relationship between the personality traits and professional commitment of university students and to determine whether personality affects professional commitment. For this purpose, 272 students studying at Akdeniz University, Faculty of Tourism participated in the research. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were calculated to determine students’ personality traits and organizational commitment levels. Correlation analysis was performed to calculate the relationships between the variables discussed in the study, and multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify the predictive power that the independent variables had on the dependent variables. Research results indicated that there was a significant and positive relationship between the students' personality traits and professional commitment levels. In addition, it was determined that the extraversion personality trait was a significant predictor of the affective commitment dimension, neuroticism personality trait was a significant predictor of the continuance commitment dimension, and agreeableness personality trait was a significant predictor of the normative commitment dimension. It is believed that the results of the study will provide concrete information about the relationship between professional commitment, one of the main problem areas of the sector, and personality, one of the key concerns and interesting topics in the field of organizational behavior and bring considerable benefits to the business world.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to existing literature by revealing the relationship between the personality traits and professional commitment of university students and to determine whether personality affects professional commitment.
Social Sciences » International Journal of Business Strategy and Social Sciences » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

On-Farm Evaluation of Conservation Agriculture Practice on Weed Control and Yield of Wheat in Northern Bangladesh

Research Article
Author(s): Mobarak Hossain, Mahfuza Begum, Richard Bell
Journal: Current Research in Agricultural Sciences

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Abstract
On account of rural labour shortages, smallholder farms in South Asia are seeking labour saving strategies for planting and weed control. To overcome this challenge, conservation agriculture practices involving mechanized planting and crop residue retention together with the application of herbicides are being developed. But their effectiveness for weed control is still uncertain. The present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of residue retention relative to herbicides and hand weeding for weed control and yield of wheat in strip planted soil in northern Bangladesh. The on-farm experiment was conducted during November-March in 2014-2016, with wheat cv. BARI Wheat 26 grown after monsoon rice under two tillage types combined with the six weed control practices [P1: conventional tillage (CT)+three hand weedings (HW) (Control), P2: Glyphosate (Gly)+strip planting (SP)+one HW, P3: Gly+SP+pre-emergence (PE) herbicide, P4: Gly+SP+post-emergence (PO) herbicide, P5: Gly+SP+PE+PO, P6: Gly+SP+weed-free (WF); and two levels of rice residue retention, R0: no-residue and R50: 50% residue (by height). The CT consisted of two primary tillage operations by a two-wheel tractor, anwhiled SP had done by a Versatile Multi-crop Planter in a single-pass process. A pre-plant herbicide (glyphosate), a PE herbicide (pendimethalin) and PO herbicide (carfentrazon-ethyl) was applied at recommended doses. The combination of applied glyphosate, SP, followed by sequential application of PE and PO herbicides and the retention of 50% of rice straw achieved the highest weed control efficacy. Furthermore, this practice produced the 24% higher yield and 40% higher economic returns relative to control without exerting any phyto-toxicity in wheat.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the very few studies in Bangladesh which have investigated the effect of conservation agriculture principles on weed and crops. Results highlighted the impact of herbicides together with crop residue mulching on weed control and yield of wheat in strip planted soil.
Agricultural Sciences » Current Research in Agricultural Sciences » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

Effect of Fermentation on the Proximate and Antinutrient Composition of Banana Peels

Research Article
Author(s): Ozabor P.T, Ojokoh A.O, Wahab A.A, Aramide O.O
Journal: The International Journal of Biotechnology

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Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of fermentation on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of banana peels with the view of reducing environmental pollution. Bacteria and fungi responsible for the fermentation were isolated and characterized using standard microbiological techniques. A total of 11 microorganisms were isolated and identified as: Bacillus substilis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor mucedo, Rhizopus stonifer, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Penicillium frequentans. The pH of the samples decreased from 6.88 at 0 hr to 4.80 at 72 hr of fermentation while the titratable acidity increased from 0.21 g/l at 0 hr to 0.36 g/l at 72 hr of fermentation. The results of the proximate analyses revealed that there was a decrease in the ash (15.30 to 5.67%), fat (13.15 to 8.53%) and protein (13.72 to 10.09%) contents after fermentation. The moisture ( 8.28 to 13.28% ) , crude fibre (15.29 to 32.08%) and carbohydrate (29.24 to 35.32%) contents and the energy value also increased from 1087.14 to 1217.75kj/g after fermentation. Results of the anti-nutrient composition shows that there was reduction in Phytate (12.66 mg/g to 9.27mg/g ), oxalate (33.31 mg/g to 8.28 mg/g), glycosides (256.19 mg/kg to 149.02 mg/kg), Phenol (8.06% to 4.15 %), Tannin (7.01 mg/g to 3.79 mg/g) and Phytic acid (3.52 mg/g to 2.68 mg/g) contents after fermentation. Therefore, it can be concluded from this study that fermented banana peels are rich in nutrients needed in the formulation animal feeds.
Contribution/ Originality
This study contributes to the existing literature that fermented fruit peels such as banana peels can serve as key ingredients in the formulation of animal feeds. Fermentation of these fruit peels enhances the nutritional properties and reduce the anti-nutritional contents, which makes the feeds relatively cheap and easily accessible.
Biological Sciences » The International Journal of Biotechnology » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

The Reasons Behind the Shift of Patients from Public to Private Hospitals: Evidence from Public Hospitals in Cumilla City Corporation

Research Article
Author(s): Md. Hasanur Rahman, Shapan Chandra Majumder, Md. Zuwel Rana
Journal: International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research

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Abstract
Health care services involve improving our health necessities. Public hospitals play a vital role to provide health services to the people. The private sector also comes forward and working with hand to hand with the government. This study investigates the reasons behind the patient's shift from public to private hospitals at Cumilla City Corporation (CuCC) in Bangladesh. This study has found that the total numbers of physicians are very few compared to demand in government hospitals which are why the time consideration to prescribe a patient is quite poor. The behavior of physicians, nurses and other staff accelerates the patient shift in private hospitals. The environmental quality of the public hospital is also an important reason for the patient's shift to private hospitals. Distance between household and public hospitals also a major barrier to adequate services of the public hospital. The current study contributes to assures the importance of public health care services to the stakeholders of the study.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is the first attempt to contribute in the literature by investigating the reasons behind the patient's shift from public to private hospitals at Cumilla City Corporation (CuCC) in Bangladesh.
Economics » International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 2

International Integration of Pharmaceutical Supply Chains in Vietnam: An Overview of Challenges and Opportunities at Hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City

Research Article
Author(s): Nguyen Huu Khanh Quan
Journal: International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research

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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changing aspects of the types of pharmaceuticals purchased, distributed, and sold throughout the supply chain in hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City. The information for analysis is based on the secondary data from the previous studies. The research was combined with analysis from practitioner papers to gain key insights change affects the international integration of pharmaceutical supply chains in hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City. The outcomes of the study are suggestions four key issues: Pharmacists are a workforce of hospital workers to provide quality products and services at affordable prices; Quality management is an important component of all hospital or healthcare industry; Hospitals ensure patient supply continuity is to protect the brand and the hospital by restoring normal operations as quickly as possible with minimal disruption; Hospitals need to pay attention to applying the techniques and information technology available today to build integrated relationships from stakeholders in the supply chain to create a competitive advantage, using comprehension. Information technology results play a very important role in the success of the hospital. The hospital wanted to get the pharmaceutical supply chain's desired performance measurable by monitoring and controlling its operation. The article contributes specific information about the pharmaceutical supply chain in hospitals in globalization for Vietnam.
Contribution/ Originality
The paper's primary contribution is finding that the situation of the pharmaceutical supply chain at hospitals: (i) pharmacist human resource management, (ii) management activities comprehensive quality management, (iii) ensuring the pharmaceutical product supply process for patients, and (iv) applying information technology for pharmaceutical supply chain operations in hospitals.
Medical Sciences » International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research » Month: 06-2020 Issue: 1

Exogenous Application of Antioxidants on Leaf Chlorophyll, Yield Dynamics and Berry Quality of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Research Article
Author(s): Md. Saidur Rahman, Mahmoda Akter, Md. Shah Newaz Chowdhury, Md. Mofizur Rahman, Mostarak Hossain Munshi
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research

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Abstract
An experiment was carried out to investigate the influences of seven levels of antioxidants on BARI Mistimorich-1 and BARI Mistimorich-2 varieties of sweet pepper at the Central Research Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Antioxidants were applied to sweet pepper varieties which had a significant effect on physiology, yield and quality of sweet pepper. Among those treatments, ascorbic acid (AA) at 200 ppm with salicylic acid (SA) at 200 ppm was more potential to enhance chlorophyll a (30%), chlorophyll b (39.39%), total chlorophyll (33.73%), number of flower plant-1 (17.63%), number of fruits plants-1 (56.73%), fruit yield plant-1 (43.61%), total soluble sugar (28.67%) and vitamin C (22.75%) compare to control. The variety of BARI Mistimorich-2 produces 4.55% higher fruit yield than BARI Mistimorich-1. Among those antioxidants, AA at 200 ppm with SA at 200 ppm demonstrate the best potentiality to solved flower and fruit dropping problems and ultimately lead to higher production of sweet pepper.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the sweet pepper responses to antioxidants in robi season and their role in mitigating the possible constrain during the production.
Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 12-2020 Issue: 4

A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Wheat Production Sustainability in the Semi-Arid Environment of Mashhad, Northeastern Iran

Research Article
Author(s): Azam Lashkari, Masoud Irannezhad
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research

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Abstract
Globally, wheat is the most staple food for one-third of the population and provides more daily calories and protein than any other crop. However, its production still poses great social and environmental challenges for humanity. Hence, agricultural sustainability indices are commonly used to evaluate all economic, ecological, and social dimensions of crop production from theory into practice around the world. This assessed agricultural sustainability of irrigated (IWPS) and rainfed (RWPS) wheat production systems in the semi-arid environment of Mashhad (northeastern Iran). Data were obtained from irrigated and rainfed wheat farms in Mashhad for the growing seasons (Oct-May) during 2006-2010. The questionnaire was also designed to collect data from the farmers. A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was performed to identify the most significant economic, ecological, and social criteria influencing the agricultural sustainability index. The results determined that IWPS is more sustainable than RWPS in Mashhad as the economic viability for IWPS is relatively higher than that for RWPS. However, RWPS has also a high potential to achieve agricultural sustainability in environments without water stress. Finally, face-to-face interviews confirmed that farmers do not invest heavily in RWPS because of its high sensitivity to precipitation, temperature, and soil quality in Mashhad (northeastern Iran).
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the agricultural sustainability (in all economic, ecological, and social dimensions) of both irrigated and rainfed wheat production systems in semi-arid environments using a multi-criteria decision analysis.
Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 03-2021 Issue: 1

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Human Development: Implications for Climate Change Impacts in Africa

Research Article
Author(s): Ubi-Abai Itoro Praise, Enobong Udemeabasi Mbobo
Journal: International Journal of Climate Research

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Abstract
This study examined the effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on human development, particularly focusing on its impacts on the human development in Africa. The paper first discussed the trends in global GHG emissions and human development, and subsequently adopted the ARDL estimation technique to examine the effects of GHG emissions on human development in Africa from two perspectives. This involved examining and comparing the effects of GHG emissions from African countries and that from the rest of the world (ROW) on the human development in the region at two periods in time. Results showed that GHG emissions from Africa and from the ROW are increasing. Moreover, both have the same effects on human development in Africa in two periods in time. These effects were positive and significant in the short run, and negative and significant in the long run. The former implies that as GHG emissions increase in the short run, human development improves. Conversely, the latter means that as GHG emissions increased in the long run, human development retards. The comparative analysis showed that, in the short run, GHG-emitting activities from the ROW have benefited African countries much more than what they can produce for themselves. However, GHG-emitting activities from the ROW emit GHGs larger than that emitted in Africa in the long run which causes climate change with undesirable consequences that undermine human development in Africa. Finally, various strategic mitigation procedures and adaptive measures were recommended.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of the few studies which have investigated the activities in Africa that have the most greenhouse gas emissions. The study contributes to the existing literature by using the ARDL estimation methodology to examine the effects of GHG emissions on human development in Africa from two perspectives.
Energy & Environmental Sciences » International Journal of Climate Research » Month: 06-2021 Issue: 1

Interactive Effects of Zinc-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi on Cadmium Uptake, Rubisco, Osmolyte Synthesis and Yield in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.

Research Article
Author(s): Harmanjit Kaur, Neera Garg
Journal: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research

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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) are two closely associated chemical elements having varied biological roles. Cd is a non-essential noxious element whereas Zn is an indispensable micronutrient at low concentrations but toxic to plants at higher levels. At the root surface, Cd competes with Zn for the same transmembrane carriers and Zn reduces Cd uptake in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are considered potential biotechnological approach for increasing plant tolerance to Cd-polluted soils. Applications of Zn and AM fungal inoculations might augment metal tolerance by reducing Cd uptake through their interactive effects. Thus, experiments were carried out to investigate the interplay between Zn (500 and 1000 mg kg-1 dry soil) and AM fungus [Funneliformis mosseae (T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) C. Walker & A. Schüßler] on growth, nutrient management, photosynthetic efficiency, osmotic equilibrium and productivity in two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes (Tolerant- Sel 85N and Sensitive- P792) exposed to Cd stress (25 and 50 mg kg-1 dry soil). Results revealed that accumulation of Cd and Zn individually reduced plant dry matter, total chlorophyll contents, Rubisco activity and nutrient uptake resulting in loss of yield, with Cd proving to be more toxic. However, Zn and AM reduced Cd uptake and their combined treatments enhanced plant biomass, photosynthetic ability and harvest index (HI) significantly by providing osmotic balance (total soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline, glycine betaine). The effects were more discernible in Sel 85N than P792 which could be directly correlated with its better ability for mycorrhizal colonization under stress.
Contribution/ Originality
This study documents concomitant application of Zn and AM fungi as an economically feasible strategy in increasing the tolerance as well as yield potential of pigeonpea genotypes subjected to Cd stress by improving photosynthetic ability, nutrient status and osmoprotection.
Agricultural Sciences » International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research » Month: 03-2021 Issue: 1