International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research

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Online ISSN: 2410-9444
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No. 1

Description of Immature Stages of the Brown Dog Tick Rhipicephalus Sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

Pages: 12-30
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Description of Immature Stages of the Brown Dog Tick Rhipicephalus Sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

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DOI: 10.18488/journal.110/2015.1.1/110.1.12.30

Citation: 1

Sobhy Abdel-Shafy , Amira H. El Namaky , Hala A. Abou Zeina , Alaa A. Ghazy

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  3. R. G. Pegram, J. E. Keirans, C. M. Clifford, and J. B. Walker, "Clarification of the rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). II. R. sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) and related species," Systematic Parasitology, vol. 10, pp. 27–44, 1987.
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  12. S. Abdel-Shafy, "Scanning electron microscopy and comparative morphology of hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, H. dromedarii and H. marginatum marginatum (Acari: Ixodidae) based on larvae," Acarologia, vol. 48, pp. 19-31, 2008.
  13. S. Abdel-Shafy, A. H. El Namaky, and F. H. M. Khalil, "Scanning electron microscopy and morphometrics of nymph and larva of the tick hyalomma impressum (Acari: Ixodidae)," Parasitology Research, vol. 109, pp. 1509-1518, 2011.
  14. S. Abdel-Shafy, S. M. Habeeb, A. H. El Namaky, and H. A. A. Abou-Zeina, "Scanning electron microscopy of nymphal and larval stages of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say) 1821 (Acari: Ixodidae)," Global Veterinaria, vol. 10, pp. 1-8, 2013.
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Sobhy Abdel-Shafy , Amira H. El Namaky , Hala A. Abou Zeina , Alaa A. Ghazy (2015). Description of Immature Stages of the Brown Dog Tick Rhipicephalus Sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research, 1(1): 12-30. DOI: 10.18488/journal.110/2015.1.1/110.1.12.30
The brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a three-host tick that feeds primarily on dogs and occasionally on other hosts, including humans. Therefore, this study aimed to describe in details the immature stages (larva and nymph) of R. sanguineus using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and morphometeric analyses. The measurements of nymph and larva structures are relatively close to those of Hyalomma excavatum.  The number and distribution of setae on either the dorsal or ventral surfaces of nymph differ from those of other ixodid ticks. Eyes have an elongated shape in nymph and larva. The position of sternal setae in nymph resembles the position of these setae in H. dromedarii. The shape and position of spurs on coxae in nymph and larva are considered the unique characters that can differentiate this species from other three species of R. sanguineus group (R. camicasi, R. turanicus and R. sulcatus). Palpi in nymph and larva are tending to each other forming triangular shape. The apices of palpi in nymph and larva are tapering. Basis capitulum has hexagonal shape dorsally in nymph and larva. Basis capitulum of nymph has a pair of spur-like ventrally. Further studies are needed in details on the immature stages of other tick species of R. sanguineus group such as R. camicasi, R. turanicus and R. sulcatus using advanced techniques such as SEM or molecular biology. These techniques may provide additional characteristics which may facilitate the identification of the immature stages of R. sanguineus group.
Contribution/ Originality
This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the immature stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus morphologically by scanning electron microscope. 

Frequency of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Egg per Gram Faeces Count of Nematodes in Black Bengal Goat under Field Condition in West Bengal, India

Pages: 5-11
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Frequency of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Egg per Gram Faeces Count of Nematodes in Black Bengal Goat under Field Condition in West Bengal, India

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DOI: 10.18488/journal.110/2015.1.1/110.1.5.11

Citation: 3

K. C. Dhara , N. Ray , C. Lodh , P.K. Bandopadhyay , A. Goswami

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K. C. Dhara , N. Ray , C. Lodh , P.K. Bandopadhyay , A. Goswami (2015). Frequency of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Egg per Gram Faeces Count of Nematodes in Black Bengal Goat under Field Condition in West Bengal, India. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research, 1(1): 5-11. DOI: 10.18488/journal.110/2015.1.1/110.1.5.11
Prevalence as well as intensity of infection of gastro-intestinal parasites in Black Bengal goat under field condition in different season was done to assess the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in Black Bengal goat under field condition to guide farm managers. The Coprological study of faecal samples of apparently healthy Black Bengal goat was conducted in field condition at Nadia district of West Bengal state of India from July 2005 to June 2006 through direct microscopic examination as well as floatation and sedimentation methods. Out of 1147 faecal samples examined, 715 (62.34%) samples were found to be positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Strongyle sp. was the most prevalent (77.48%) parasites followed by Paramphistome sp. (30.63%), Trichuris (14.55%), Moneizia (12.73%) and Fasciola sp. (6.29%). Seasonal prevalence rate and eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) count was highest in monsoon and lowest in summer. Monthly EPG count and prevalence rate was highest in November followed by October and September.The present study might help to decide the deworming schedule and management measures for farmers to increase the productivity of Black Bengal.
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Fetal Maceration in Crossbred Holstein Frisian Heifer-A Case Report

Pages: 1-4
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Fetal Maceration in Crossbred Holstein Frisian Heifer-A Case Report

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DOI: 10.18488/journal.110/2015.1.1/110.1.1.4

Citation: 2

H. K. Bhattacharyya , S. A. Dar , M. R. Fazili

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H. K. Bhattacharyya , S. A. Dar , M. R. Fazili (2015). Fetal Maceration in Crossbred Holstein Frisian Heifer-A Case Report. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research, 1(1): 1-4. DOI: 10.18488/journal.110/2015.1.1/110.1.1.4
A maiden crossbred HF heifer was treated by one local veterinarian for induction of parturition due to fetal death with cloprostenol sodium and thereafter by combination of dexamethasone plus estrogen with no success. Looking at the condition of the animal, cesarean was conducted using ventrolateral approach under line infiltration of local analgesia as per standard procedure. A macerated fetus was expelled. Metritis developed 8 days following operation and was treated successfully.  
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